A kind of fruit tree leaves leaven efficient application method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree leaves leaven efficient application method, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
China is fruit big producing country of the world.In the end of the year 2011, China's fruit cultivation area about 1,100 ten thousand hectares, accounts for 1/5 of world's fruit cultivation total area; Whole nation fruit annual production about 9,400 ten thousand tons, accounts for about 15% of world's fruit ultimate production.Fruit industry has become one of mainstay industry of China's rural economy, plays this vital role in agricultural industry adjustment and in increasing farmers' income etc.
In order to promote the growth of fruit tree, increasing output of the fruit tree, will carry out fertilizing management at the different times of fruit tree growth to fruit tree, the fertilization mode of current fruit tree mainly applies fertilizer and sprays foliage fertilizer in ground.Ground fertilising mainly uses azophoska, and lack using trace element (calcium, iron, zinc, boron etc.) fertilizer, cause fruit tree for want of trace element cause various physiological disturbance as little leaf disease, yellowtop, bitter pit etc., had a strong impact on growing way and the output of fruit tree; Spraying foliage fertilizer can trace element supplement, but because the human-subject test of peasant is not high, can not use the foliage fertilizer of different ingredients according to the nutritional needs of fruit tree Different growth phases, cause trace element not play one's part to the full, playing should be effective.
The patent No. be 201310084480.X patent document discloses a kind of red fuji apple foliage fertilizer anniversary application method, be according to before red fuji apple rudiment, after rudiment, prosperous long-term, the fruit expanding period of flowering period, young sprout, these seven red fuji apples grow the growth characteristics of critical stage and nutrient demand characteristic before fruit development later stage and fallen leaves, spray suitable foliage fertilizer, can effectively improve apple fruit-setting rate, improve fruit quality, increase fruit yield, but it sprays often, consume a large amount of manpower and materials; Spray process complexity, not easily grasp; And this inventive method mainly uses foliage fertilizer at blade tender leaf period, for preventing injuring blade, generally spray the lower concentration foliage fertilizer of 0.2-0.5%, the absorbed dose of blade is limited, poor effect.
Prior art has following defect: (1) fruit tree resistance against diseases is poor, and physiological disease is serious; (2) efficiency of applying fertilizer is low, takes effect slow; (3) output of the fruit tree is not high, and high quality fruit rate is not high; (4) foliage fertilizer specific absorption is low, easily fertilizer damage occurs.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above deficiency, a kind of fruit tree leaves leaven efficient application method is provided; Realize following goal of the invention:
1, improve fruit tree resistance against diseases to improve, alleviate the generation of fruit tree physiological disease;
2, improve fertilising efficiency, shorten responding time;
3, improve output of the fruit tree, improve the high quality fruit rate of fruit tree;
4, improve foliage fertilizer specific absorption, reduce fertilizer damage;
5, simplify fertilizing method, reduce costs.
For achieving the above object, by the following technical solutions:
To growth and development of fruit tree stage senescence phase after dormant stage of fruit tree, blade maturation, namely spray the high density foliage fertilizer of different ingredients according to its growth characteristics and nutritional needs when fruit tree leaf ripening stage, on-bladed.
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) dormant stage of fruit tree sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Before fruit tree dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray the foliage fertilizer mixed solution that total concn is 3-6%, the chelated zinc that formula is the urea of 2-4%, the chelated iron of 0.5-1% or Complexing Iron, 0.5-1% or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.1% spreader-sticker, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 1-2 time, interval is 7-10 days;
(2) first time sprays high density foliage fertilizer to blade maturation afterwards
Stop growing to before bud sprouts again in fruit tree leaf first time in spring, spray the foliage fertilizer mixed solution that total concn is 2-3%, formula is 0.5-2% potassium primary phosphate, 0.5-2% urea, 0.5-0.8% chelating calcium or complexing calcium, 0.5-0.6% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.5-0.6% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.1% spreader-sticker, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 1-2 time, interval is 7-10 days, requires that blade is fully ripe this period;
(3) blade maturation sprays high density foliage fertilizer afterwards for the second time
Before again sprouting to bud after fruit tree second time young sprout stops length, spray the foliage fertilizer mixed solution that total concn is 2-3%, formula is 0.5-2% potassium primary phosphate, 0.5-0.8% chelating calcium or complexing calcium, 0.5-0.6% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.5-0.6% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.1% spreader-sticker, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 1-2 time, interval is 7-10 days;
(4) the leaf senile phase sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Before defoliation of fruit trees, spray 4-8% foliage fertilizer mixed solution, fill a prescription as 3-5% urea, 1-3% potassium primary phosphate, 0.01-0.1% spreader-sticker, be 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value, continuous spraying 2-3 time, interval time is 7-10 days.
Inner complex in foliage fertilizer in above steps, complex compound are mainly edetate, amino acid salts, Citrate trianion etc.
The spreader-sticker added in foliage fertilizer mixed solution in above steps, for Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, modification gather trisiloxanes for the organosilicon agricultural surfactant that main component is composite and come, new high fat film pulvis etc.
Spreader-sticker can increase the area coverage of foliage fertilizer on blade, can improve the adhesive ability of foliage fertilizer on blade and resistance to erosion ability, prevent fertilizer from assembling in a large number at a certain position simultaneously.
Spraying the foliage fertilizer time in above steps will avoid fine day and temperature higher time at noon, generally before fine day 10:00 in the morning and after afternoon 5:00 or the cloudy day; Spray at the mature leaf back side, young leaflet tablet can not use high concentration fertilizer.
Fruit tree is when rudiment, young leaflet tablet and a large amount of consumption of tissue store nutrition, the ability of now spire manufacture nutrition is also very weak, and root system has also just recovered receptivity, absorb liquid manure ability also not recover completely, therefore supplement the nutrients before rudiment very necessary, now mainly supplement the element such as nitrogen, iron, zinc needed for fruit tree growth.
After fruit tree young sprout stops long blade maturation, blade improves the tolerance of higher concentration foliage fertilizer, now root system also enters slow vegetative period along with overground part stops progress, absorbing power declines, now supplement foliar nutrient can meet blade and its hetero-organization and regrow required nutritive element, this period with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron, zinc, calcium for main comprehensive nutrition.Calcium, phosphorus, potassium can promote young fruit development, and nitrogen, iron, zinc are the necessary nutritive element of fruit tree growth, solve fruit development and Growth status contradiction nutritionally.
After fruit tree secondary stops length, supplement the elements such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, for fruit development provides nutrition.
Spray foliage fertilizer before fallen leaves, the elements such as nitrogen, iron, zinc can be provided, increase tree body stored nutrient, for growth in the coming year is laid a solid foundation.
The formula of the foliage fertilizer that the inventive method adopts comprises spreader-sticker and regulates ph value, significantly can increase the absorption of trace element.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, adopt the inventive method, resistance against diseases improves, and fruit tree physiological disease occurs very light, little leaf disease, yellowtop incidence < 1%, bitter pit sickness rate <3%.
2, adopt the inventive method, fertilising instant effect, sprays rear 3-7 days and takes effect; Invention increases the concentration spraying foliage fertilizer, assimilated efficiency improves greatly, and usually spraying foliage fertilizer concentration is 0.5-1%, and blade specific absorption is extremely low, is difficult to see positive effect; Under usual cognition, fruit tree sprays high density foliage fertilizer and can cause serious injury to tree body, and it is worthless for therefore spraying high density foliage fertilizer, and the present invention has broken this restriction.
3, adopt the inventive method, fruit tree tree body is strong, and output of the fruit tree improves, and high quality fruit rate is high;
4, adopt the inventive method, foliage fertilizer specific absorption is high, and can not cause fertilizer damage; Key of the present invention is also, the time of spraying is to senescence phase after dormant stage of fruit tree or blade maturation.Use high density foliage fertilizer, usual blade of easily burning, cause fertilizer damage, at dormant stage of fruit tree spray liquid leaven, can not come to harm through overtesting rear blade, blade maturation sprays foliage fertilizer up to senescence phase, and blade resistance to corrosion strengthens, can not to burn because of suitable high density blade, to cause fertilizer damage.Blade Mature Leaf is grown completely, and pore is many and large, and absorption foliage fertilizer efficiency is high, than tender leaf assimilated efficiency height 50-200%.
5, the inventive method solves and nourishes and grows and grow conflicting problem, provides the nutritive element that fruit tree is badly in need of at growth phase.
6, comprise 2-3 kind above fertilizer type, particularly metallic salt in foliage fertilizer formulation of the present invention, can not, only containing single kind, avoid causing single salt to poison phenomenon; It is a kind of plant physiology phenomenon that single salt is poisoned, and refers to by plant culturing only containing in the solution of a metal ion species, even if to be growth and development of plants necessary for this ion, as potassium ion, and concentration in nutrient solution is very low, plant can not orthobiosis, is namely injured soon and dead.
7, Biuret Content≤0.9% of urea in foliage fertilizer formulation of the present invention, each fertilizer purity more than 99%, reduces foreign matter content.
8, the inventive method, foliage fertilizer formulation is simple, sprays period few, time and labour saving, with fertile economical, is applicable to spread.
Embodiment
embodiment 1 one kinds of fruit tree leaves leaven efficient application methods
Select raw red fuji apple 60 strain in 6 years, in academy of agricultural sciences of Weifang City, Experimental Base is tested by the present embodiment, and in 2008, whole Growing season sprayed foliage fertilizer, if 2 process according to the solution of the present invention to tree body:
1, fruit tree leaves leaven application method of the present invention is adopted:
(1) dormant stage of fruit tree sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Before apple tree dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray foliage fertilizer mixed solution, formula is the urea of 3%, iron-amino acid chelate, the zinc-amino acid chelate of 0.8%, the Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate of 0.01% of 0.8%, is 5 by citric acid adjustment ph value, continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 8 days;
(2) first time sprays high density foliage fertilizer to blade maturation afterwards
Long latter 30 days are stopped at Apple Leaves, spray foliage fertilizer mixed solution, formula be 0.6% potassium primary phosphate, 0.8% calcium amino acid chelate, 0.6% iron-amino acid chelate, 0.6% zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.01% Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 5, continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 8 days;
(3) blade maturation sprays high density foliage fertilizer afterwards for the second time
After apple tree second time young sprout stops length, spray foliage fertilizer mixed solution, formula be 0.6% potassium primary phosphate, 0.8% calcium amino acid chelate, 0.6% iron-amino acid chelate, 0.6% zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.01% Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 5, continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 8 days;
(4) the leaf senile phase sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Before apple tree fallen leaves, spray foliage fertilizer mixed solution, formula is 4% urea, the potassium primary phosphate of 2%, the Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate of 0.01%, and be 5 by citric acid adjustment ph value, continuous spraying 2 times, interval time is 10 days.
2, traditional Foliar Spraying method:
Apple tree starts the urea spraying 0.3% every first quarter moon after sprouting, and fruit expanding period spraying concentration is the amino acid calcium of 0.2%, to fruit bagging, spray 2 times continuously, and after plucking bag, spraying concentration 0.3% potassium primary phosphate once.
Experimental result:
Adopt the inventive method and the traditional result of method long run test after 2 years:
Use method of the present invention: fruit tree physiological disease occurs very light, occur without little leaf disease, yellowtop, bitter pit sickness rate <3%, every strain per unit area yield is 84.46kg, one-level fruit rate 95.8%;
Use traditional method: fruit diseases is relatively more serious, little leaf disease sickness rate 3%, yellowtop sickness rate 15.5%, bitter pit sickness rate 16.2%, every strain per unit area yield 78.62kg, one-level fruit rate 82.53%.
embodiment 2 one kinds of fruit tree leaves leaven efficient application methods
The strain of seed selection 5 years life ' Xia Dan ' peach 60, in academy of agricultural sciences of Weifang City, Experimental Base is tested by the present invention program, and two process are established in test:
1, fruit tree leaves leaven application method of the present invention is adopted:
(1) dormant stage of fruit tree sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Before peach dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray foliage fertilizer mixed solution, formula be 2% urea, 1% potassium primary phosphate, 0.8% iron-amino acid chelate, the zinc-amino acid chelate of 0.8%, the Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate of 0.005%, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5, continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 8 days;
(2) first time sprays high density foliage fertilizer to blade maturation afterwards
Long latter 20 days are stopped at peach blade, spray foliage fertilizer mixed solution, formula be 0.8% potassium primary phosphate, 0.5% calcium amino acid chelate, 0.4% iron-amino acid chelate, 0.4% zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.005% Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5, continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 8 days;
(3) blade maturation sprays high density foliage fertilizer afterwards for the second time
After peach second time young sprout stops length, spray foliage fertilizer mixed solution, formula be 0.8% potassium primary phosphate, 0.5% calcium amino acid chelate, 0.4% iron-amino acid chelate, 0.4% zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.005% Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5, continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 8 days;
(4) the leaf senile phase sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Before peach fallen leaves, spray foliage fertilizer mixed solution, formula is 4% urea, the potassium primary phosphate of 2%, the Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate of 0.005%, and be 4.5 by citric acid adjustment ph value, continuous spraying 3 times, interval time is 10 days.
2, traditional Foliar Spraying method:
Peach starts the urea spraying 0.3% every first quarter moon after sprouting, and fruit expanding period spraying concentration is the amino acid calcium of 0.2%.
Experimental result:
Adopt the inventive method and the traditional result of method long run test after 2 years:
Use method of the present invention: fruit tree physiological disease occurs very light, little leaf disease, yellowtop incidence < 1%, average every strain per unit area yield is 96kg, and full haw accounts for 84%; Use traditional method: fruit diseases is relatively more serious, little leaf disease sickness rate 6%, yellowtop is relatively more serious, and sickness rate is at 20%-32%, and average every strain per unit area yield 82kg, full haw accounts for 78%.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.