CN105359693B - A kind of method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop - Google Patents
A kind of method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359693B CN105359693B CN201510681730.7A CN201510681730A CN105359693B CN 105359693 B CN105359693 B CN 105359693B CN 201510681730 A CN201510681730 A CN 201510681730A CN 105359693 B CN105359693 B CN 105359693B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop, comprises the following steps：Later rest in spring sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer, the blade maturity period sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer for the first time.By the way that in the growth and development of fruit tree stages such as fruit tree rest period in spring, blade maturations to declining period, the ratio of ferro element is different according to needed for fruit tree, the high concentration foliar fertilizer of different formulations is sprayed, prevents and treats the generation of fruit tree yellowtop.The inventive method positive effect, the incidence of fruit tree yellow leaf disease substantially reduce, and yellowing is that 0 grade of fruit tree can reach the 96 97% of fruit tree total amount；It is especially pronounced in the effect of preventing and treating varieties in saline-alkali areas fruit tree yellowtop.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind to prevent and treat the efficient prevention and controls of fruit tree yellowtop, belongs to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Fruit tree yellowtop also known as yellows or iron-deficient chlorosis disease, are due to lack physiological disease caused by ferro element, from
The young leaflet tablet of young sprout starts, and mesophyll first turns yellow, and vein keeps green, and in green reticulate pattern, later stage full leaf becomes yellow-white, leaf
Green coke is withered, and last full leaf is withered, caducous, can finally cause the death of whole tree, causes huge economic loss.This year comes at me
In the range of state, Chlorosis in Fruit trees phenomenon is very universal, and degree is more next serious, is particularly planted in western, northern calacareous soil and shore
Fruit tree in extra large alkaline land soil is particularly acute.The method for preventing and treating yellowtop at this stage mainly has several ways：
（1）Soil application, i.e., ditch or deep-cut fertilising on fruit tree plant pit periphery.Soil application needs a large amount of manpowers to be opened
Ditch, fertilising, time consuming and dose is big, and investment is big, and yellowtop is mainly in varieties in saline-alkali areas, and basic soil makes fruit tree root system
Absorbability reduces, and fertilization effect is poor.
（2）Foliage fertilization, i.e., in fruit tree foliage-spray foliar fertilizer.It is strong tree, disease-resistant, high yield effective way to spray foliar fertilizer
Footpath, and method is simple and easy, positive effect economic with fertilizer, but because the human-subject test of peasant is not high, it is impossible to it is different according to fruit tree
Melt quality needed for growth phase applies the foliar fertilizer of various concentrations, causes fertilizer to play one's part to the full, typically sprays low dense
Foliar fertilizer is spent, blade uptake is limited, does not have good effect.
The preventing and treating fruit tree yellowtop method of prior art has following defect：（1）Prevention effect unobvious, fruit tree yellow leaf disease
Incidence is higher；（2）Efficiency is low, slowly effect；（3）Ferro element absorption efficiency is low, and fertilizer damage easily occurs；（4）Foliar fertilizer blindly is used,
Fertilizer application frequency is more, lost labor, and effect is also bad；（5）Method is cumbersome, and cost is higher.
The content of the invention
Present invention deficiency for more than, there is provided a kind of method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop, realize to issue
Improving eyesight：
（1）Reduce the incidence of fruit tree yellow leaf disease；
（2）Efficiency is improved, shortens responding time；
（3）The absorption efficiency of ferro element is improved, reduces fertilizer damage incidence；
（4）The problem of improvement uses foliar fertilizer blindness, the number using foliar fertilizer is reduced, save work；
（5）Simplify operating process, reduce cost.
For achieving the above object, using following technical scheme：
In the growth and development of fruit tree stages such as fruit tree rest period in spring, blade maturations to declining period, the iron member according to needed for fruit tree
The ratio of element is different, sprays the high concentration foliar fertilizer of different formulations, prevents and treats the generation of fruit tree yellowtop；
It is characterized in that comprise the following steps that：
（1）Later rest in spring sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer
Before fruit tree spring dormancy terminates tree body rudiment, the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor that total concentration is 3-6% is sprayed, is formulated and is
0.5-3% urea, 1-3% chelated irons or Complexing Iron, 0.1-0.5% chelated zincs or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-stickers, 0.02-
0.05% niacinamide, it is 4.5-5 to adjust ph values with citric acid, continuous to spray 1-2 times, and interval is 7-10 days.
（2）The blade maturity period sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer for the first time
Before spring fruit tree leaf stops growing and sprouted again to bud, the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor that total concentration is 0.6-1.5% is sprayed,
It is formulated and is opened up for 0.3-1% urea, 0.3-1% chelated irons or Complexing Iron, 0.1-0.3% chelated zincs or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05%
Agent, 0.01-0.03% niacinamide, it is 4.5-5 to adjust ph values with citric acid, continuous to spray 1-2 times, and interval is 7-10 days.
（3）The blade maturity period is secondary to spray high concentration foliar fertilizer
Before being sprouted again to bud after second of young sprout of fruit tree stops length, spray the foliar fertilizer that total concentration is 0.6-1.5% and mix
Liquid, 0.3-1% urea, 0.3-1% chelated irons or Complexing Iron, 0.1-0.3% chelated zincs or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-stickers,
0.01-0.03% niacinamide, it is 4.5-5 to adjust ph values with citric acid, continuous to spray 1-2 times, and interval is 7-10 days.
（4）The leaf senile phase sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer
Before defoliation of fruit trees, spray 4-8% foliar fertilizer mixed liquors, be formulated for 1-4% urea, 1-4% chelated irons or Complexing Iron,
0.3-1% chelated zincs or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-stickers, 0.02-0.05% niacinamide, it is 4.5- to adjust ph values with citric acid
5, continuous to spray 2-3 times, interval time is 7-10 days.
The time of foliar fertilizer is sprayed in above steps will avoid fine day and noon temperature higher time, typically on fine day
Noon 10：00 former and afternoon 5:It is after 00 or cloudy；High concentration fertilizer can not be applied in the mature leaf back side, young tender leaf face by spraying
Material.
The chelate in foliar fertilizer, complex compound in above steps are mainly edetate, amino-acid salt, lemon
Lemon hydrochlorate etc..
The spreader-sticker added in foliar fertilizer mixed liquor in above steps, it is neopelex, modified poly- three
Siloxanes is the organosilicon agricultural surfactant of main component compounding, new high fat film pulvis etc..
Spreader-sticker can increase area coverage of the foliar fertilizer on blade, can improve energy of attachment of the foliar fertilizer on blade
Power and resistance to erosion ability, while prevent fertilizer from largely assembling at a certain position.
Fruit tree is in rudiment, young leaflet tablet and a large amount of consumption storage nutrition of tissue, and root system has just recovered absorbability, inhales
Receipts liquid manure is indifferent, can not meet the nutrition needed for the growth of young sprout young tender leaf, therefore foliar fertilizer supplement fruit tree is sprayed before rudiment
Ferro element needed for growth is very necessary.
Fruit tree young sprout stops growing, and after blade maturation, blade improves to the tolerance of higher concentration foliar fertilizer, now root system also with
Overground part and stop length into slow growth period, absorbability decline, blade and its hetero-organization can be provided again by now spraying foliar fertilizer
Ferro element needed for growth.
Foliar fertilizer is sprayed before fallen leaves, tree body stored nutrient can be increased, is laid a solid foundation for coming year growth.
The formula for the foliar fertilizer that the inventive method uses includes urea, spreader-sticker, niacinamide and regulation ph values, can be notable
Increase the absorption of iron.
Fruit tree yellowtop occurs mainly in varieties in saline-alkali areas at present, and method of the invention is tests prove that on preventing and treating salt-soda soil
Fruit tree yellowtop effect it is particularly significant, yellowtop disease does not occur substantially.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the advantages that：
（1）The inventive method positive effect, the incidence of fruit tree yellow leaf disease substantially reduce, and yellowing is 0 grade of fruit tree
It can reach the 96-97% of fruit tree total amount；It is especially pronounced in the effect of preventing and treating varieties in saline-alkali areas fruit tree yellowtop；
（2）The inventive method efficiency high, it is quick, taken effect using 3-7 days after this method；Invention increases spray blade face
The concentration of fertilizer, absorption efficiency greatly improve, and generally spray foliar fertilizer concentration no more than 0.5%, blade absorptivity is extremely low, it is difficult to see
To positive effect.Under usual cognition, fruit tree sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer and tree body can be caused serious injury, therefore sprays highly concentrated
It is worthless to spend foliar fertilizer, and the present invention has broken this limitation.
（3）The inventive method, ferro element good absorbing, efficiency high, does not occur fertilizer damage；The key of the present invention also resides in, and sprays
Time is to declining period after dormant stage of fruit tree or blade maturation.Using high concentration foliar fertilizer, blade of burning is typically easy to, causes fertilizer
Evil, sprays liquid fertilizer in dormant stage of fruit tree, will not be come to harm through overtesting rear blade, blade maturation sprays leaf up to declining period
Leaven, the enhancing of blade resistance to corrosion, will not burn blade because of appropriate high concentration, cause fertilizer damage.Blade Mature Leaf
Development is complete, and stomata is more and big, absorbs foliar fertilizer efficiency high, higher 50-200% than tender leaf absorption efficiency.
（4）The inventive method is with strong points, few using the number of foliar fertilizer, saves labor；Avoid using foliar fertilizer
Blindness；The present invention is four different growing stages in fruit tree, and the iron ion according to needed for fruit tree prepares composite iron fertilizer, is changed
Orchard worker blindly used the situation of foliar fertilizer in the past.
（5）A small amount of zinc is added in the formula of the present invention（Dosage one is the 1/10-1/3 of iron）With iron to preventing and treating yellowtop
With synergy, promote to absorb, improve efficiency, and avoid that mono-salt murder by poisoning phenomenon occurs.
（6）The inventive method is economical with fertilizer, and simple and easy, raw materials are cheap, and peasant can typically receive；
The inventive method is to prevent and treat the effective ways of fruit tree yellow leaf disease, suitable for being widely applied.
Specific embodiment mode
A kind of method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop of embodiment 1
2008, in Weifang City strand development zone proving ground, from 8 years raw 44 plants of red fuji apples, according to this implementation
Method is tested, if two processing：
1st, yellowtop is prevented and treated using the inventive method：
（1）Later rest in spring sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer
Before apple tree spring dormancy terminates tree body rudiment, spray containing 1% urea, 1.8% EDTA-Fe, 0.4%
Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid zinc, 0.01% neopelex, the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.03% niacinamide, are adjusted with citric acid
Ph values are 5, continuous to spray 2 times, and interval is 7 days.
（2）The blade maturity period sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer for the first time
30 days after Apple Leaves stop length, spray containing 0.3% urea, 0.5% EDTA-Fe, 0.2% ethylenediamine tetraacetic
Zinc acetate, 0.005% neopelex, the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.02% niacinamide, ph values are adjusted with citric acid
For 5, continuously spray 2 times, interval is 7 days.
（3）The blade maturity period is secondary to spray high concentration foliar fertilizer
After second of young sprout of apple tree stops length, spray containing 0.3% urea, 0.5% EDTA-Fe, 0.2% second two
Amine tetraacethyl zinc, 0.005% neopelex, the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.02% niacinamide, ph is adjusted with citric acid
It is worth for 5, continuous spray 2 times, interval is 7 days.
（4）The leaf senile phase sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer
Apple tree fall leaves before, spray containing 1% urea, 3% EDTA-Fe, 0.5% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid zinc,
The foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.01% neopelex, 0.04% niacinamide, it is 5 to adjust ph values with citric acid, continuously sprays 2
Secondary, interval is 10 days.
2nd, yellowtop is prevented and treated using conventional method（Control treatment）：
The ferrous sulfate that spraying concentration is 0.25% after yellowtop occurs for late April fruit tree, sprayed the again after 10 days
Secondary, being dripped on a small quantity with leaf when spraying is advisable.
It is classified according to the yellowing of fruit tree after processing,
I.e. 0 grade：Proper tree；
1 grade：Slight Pressure trunk injection tree, the sick tip account for 25% or so of whole young sprouts；
2 grades：Moderate Pressure trunk injection tree, the sick tip account for whole treetops 50% or so.
Experimental result is：
Use the method for the present invention：The fruit tree that yellowing is 0 grade accounts for the 96% of fruit tree sum；Yellowing is 1 grade of fruit
Tree accounts for the 4% of fruit tree sum；Yellowing is that 2 grades of fruit tree is 0.
Use conventional method：The fruit tree that yellowing is 0 grade accounts for the 71% of fruit tree sum；Yellowing is that 1 grade of fruit tree accounts for
The 16% of fruit tree sum；The fruit tree that yellowing is 2 grades accounts for the 13% of fruit tree sum.
A kind of method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop of embodiment 2
2008, in Weifang City strand development zone proving ground, life in 6 years ' storehouse side is early raw ' 650 plants of peach, according to the present invention
Scheme is tested, if two processing：
1st, yellowtop is prevented and treated using the inventive method：
（1）Later rest in spring sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer
Before peach spring dormancy terminates tree body rudiment, spray containing 1% urea, 2% amino acid chelated iron, 0.3% amino acid
Chelated zinc, 0.02% neopelex, the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.03% niacinamide, it is with citric acid adjustment ph values
4.7, continuous to spray 2 times, interval is 7 days.
（2）The blade maturity period sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer for the first time
30 days after peach blade stops length, spray containing 0.4% urea, 0.6% amino acid chelated iron, 0.2% chelating amino acids
Zinc, 0.005% neopelex, the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.02% niacinamide, it is 4.7 to adjust ph values with citric acid,
Continuously spray 2 times, interval is 7 days.
（3）The blade maturity period is secondary to spray high concentration foliar fertilizer
After second of young sprout of peach stops length, spray containing 0.4% urea, 0.6% amino acid chelated iron, 0.2% amino acid chela
Zinc, 0.005% neopelex, the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.02% niacinamide are closed, is with citric acid adjustment ph values
4.7, continuous to spray 2 times, interval is 7 days.
（4）The leaf senile phase sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer
Before peach is fallen leaves, spray containing 2% urea, 2.5% amino acid chelated iron, 0.4% zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.03%
The foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of neopelex, 0.04% niacinamide, it is 4.7 to adjust ph values with citric acid, continuous to spray 3 times,
It it is 8 days every the phase.
2nd, yellowtop is prevented and treated using conventional method（Control treatment）：
The ferrous sulfate that spraying concentration is 0.25% after yellowtop occurs for late April fruit tree, sprayed the again after 10 days
Secondary, being dripped on a small quantity with leaf when spraying is advisable.
It is classified according to the yellowing of fruit tree after processing,
I.e. 0 grade：Proper tree；
1 grade：Slight Pressure trunk injection tree, the sick tip account for 25% or so of whole young sprouts；
2 grades：Moderate Pressure trunk injection tree, the sick tip account for whole treetops 50% or so.
Experimental result is：
Use the method for the present invention：The fruit tree that yellowing is 0 grade accounts for the 97% of fruit tree sum；Yellowing is 1 grade of fruit
Tree accounts for the 3% of fruit tree sum；The fruit tree that 2 grades of yellowing is 0.
Use conventional method：The fruit tree that yellowing is 0 grade accounts for the 72% of fruit tree sum；Yellowing is that 1 grade of fruit tree accounts for
The 16% of fruit tree sum；The fruit tree that yellowing is 2 grades accounts for the 11.4% of fruit tree sum.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still can be with
Technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments is modified, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：Later rest in spring Spray high concentration foliar fertilizer, the blade maturity period sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer for the first time；Described later rest in spring sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer：Blade face is sprayed before fruit tree spring dormancy terminates tree body rudiment Fertilizer, the formula of the foliar fertilizer used for：0.5-3% urea, 1-3% chelated irons, 0.1-0.5% chelated zincs, 0.01-0.05% are opened up Agent, 0.02-0.05% niacinamide, it is 4.5-5 to adjust ph values with citric acid；The described blade maturity period sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer for the first time：Stop spraying before length is sprouted again to bud in spring fruit tree leaf Foliar fertilizer, the formula of the foliar fertilizer used for：0.3-1% urea, 0.3-1% chelated irons, 0.1-0.3% chelated zincs, 0.01-0.05% Spreader-sticker, 0.01-0.03% niacinamide, it is 4.5-5 to adjust ph values with citric acid；Described method also includes the blade maturity period and secondary sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer：To bud after second of young sprout of fruit tree stops length Spray foliar fertilizer before sprouting again, the formula of the foliar fertilizer used for：0.3-1% urea, 0.3-1% chelated irons, 0.1-0.3% chelas Zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-stickers, 0.01-0.03% niacinamide are closed, it is 4.5-5 to adjust ph values with citric acid；Described method also sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer including the leaf senile phase：Foliar fertilizer is sprayed before defoliation of fruit trees, use The formula of foliar fertilizer is：1-4% urea, 1-4% chelated irons, 0.3-1% chelated zincs, 0.01-0.05% spreader-stickers, 0.02-0.05% cigarettes Acid amides, it is 4.5-5 to adjust ph values with citric acid；Described later rest in spring sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer：The foliar fertilizer mixed liquid concentration sprayed is 3-6%, continuously sprays 1-2 Secondary, interval is 7-10 days；The described blade maturity period sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer for the first time：The foliar fertilizer mixed liquid concentration sprayed is 0.6-1.5%, even Continuous to spray 1-2 times, interval is 7-10 days；The described blade maturity period is secondary to spray high concentration foliar fertilizer：The foliar fertilizer mixed liquid concentration sprayed is 0.6-1.5%, even Continuous to spray 1-2 times, interval is 7-10 days；The described leaf senile phase sprays high concentration foliar fertilizer：The foliar fertilizer mixed liquid concentration sprayed is 4-8%, continuously sprays 2-3 Secondary, interval time is 7-10 days.
- A kind of 2. method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Chelate in foliar fertilizer includes edetate, amino-acid salt, citrate.
- A kind of 3. method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Spreader-sticker in foliar fertilizer is organosilicon agricultural surfactant or new high fat film pulvis.
- A kind of 4. method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Described Organosilicon agricultural surfactant or new high fat film pulvis are：Composition includes neopelex, modified poly- trisiloxanes Compound.
- A kind of 5. method of efficiently preventing and treating Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Foliar fertilizer sprays in method：In the fine day morning 10：00 was former, afternoon 5:Sprayed after 00 or when cloudy.
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| CN108811997A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-16 | 申琳 | A method of control fruit tree yellowing |
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| CN114375755A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-22 | 四川瑞象农业科技发展有限公司 | Solution for radical treatment of iron-deficiency yellowing of fruit trees |
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| CN103563692A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2014-02-12 | 吴新忠 | Fruit tree yellowing disease preventing and treating method and special comprehensive preparation |
| CN104692885A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-10 | 烟台鑫海耐磨胶业有限公司 | Iron-rich foliar fertilizer specially used for fruit trees |
| CN104671921A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-06-03 | 武汉盛大神农生物工程有限公司 | Preparation method of polyelement composite chelated iron fertilizer |
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