CN108990988B - Barrier agent for reducing heavy metal content of edible part of crop and use method thereof - Google Patents
Barrier agent for reducing heavy metal content of edible part of crop and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blocking agent for reducing the content of heavy metal in edible parts of crops and a using method thereof, wherein the effective component of the blocking agent is glycerol or one or two of glycerol, oxaloacetic acid and alpha-ketoglutaric acid, and the purpose of blocking the absorption of heavy metal and transferring the heavy metal to the edible parts can be realized by spraying the blocking agent on leaf surfaces after the vegetables are cultivated and before the vegetables are harvested. The invention can obviously reduce the content of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and the like at edible parts of the vegetables, so that the vegetables produced in the vegetable field with light or medium heavy metal pollution meet the food safety standard. The blocking agent has low concentration of effective spraying, can be mixed with a pesticide for preventing and treating vegetable diseases and insect pests and then is sprayed, and has low cost.
Description
This application is a divisional application having a parent application number of 201610234494.9.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heavy metal pollution farmland prevention and treatment, and particularly relates to a blocking agent for reducing the heavy metal content of edible parts of crops and a using method thereof.
Background
The heavy metal polluted farmland area of China is nearly 2000 million hectares, which occupies about 1/5 of the total farmland area, so that the yield of grains is reduced by 1000 million t each year, the polluted grains are as much as 1200 million t, the total economic loss is at least 200 million yuan, and the heavy metal pollution of soil becomes a major obstacle for realizing sustainable development in China. Vegetables are one of the necessary foods for daily life of people, and the quality safety problem of vegetable baskets is widely concerned in recent years. It is reported that 30% of vegetables produced in Beijing city have excessive heavy metal content, and the excessive cadmium content of suburb vegetables in Tianjin city reaches 40%; the heavy metal of leaf vegetables in Nanjing urban areas exceeds the standard seriously, and the mercury content of bean vegetables is 12.4 times of the highest standard (Wangsili, etc., 2014); lead and cadmium exceeding rates of vegetables in Dongguan city are respectively 20.9% and 11.6% (for a period of Ma, 2006), lead and cadmium pollution of vegetables in Changsha is more serious, and the exceeding rates respectively reach 60% and 51%. The heavy metal content of crops in the major heavy metal pollution areas of China, such as the Chapter of Guizhou, Ganzhou of Jiangxi, Guangxi Guilin, Henan Hengdong, Guangdong Dabaoshan and Zhang Shi Liaoning, exceeds the standard, more than 10% of local residents have symptoms of waist and back pain, limb pain, bone and joint pain and the like with different degrees, some villages are even called cancer villages, and people are suffered from diseases. The research of the soil heavy metal pollution prevention and control method is vigorously carried out, particularly, the safe agricultural products can be produced in the polluted farmland, the last defense line is kept, and the method has great significance for maintaining social stability and guaranteeing the health of people.
For the heavy metal pollution of soil, the research of prevention and control methods becomes a research hotspot in recent years. The soil leaching technology (CN 105363769A, CN103056158A, CN103084384A, CN103357655B, CN103586276A and CN 104646410A) has obvious effect on repairing heavy metal polluted soil, but the engineering investment is large, secondary pollution is easy to cause, the soil leaching technology is only suitable for soil with relatively loose texture, strong permeability and small pollution area, the defects of destroying the physicochemical property of the soil, reducing the nutrient content of the soil, polluting underground water and the like exist, and the soil leaching technology is not suitable for heavy metal pollution of large-area farmlands. The soil conditioner or heavy metal passivator technology is one of the most widely used measures for restoring heavy metal pollution of farmland soil at present, and can be divided into calcareous conditioners (CN 103250485B and CN 102391877A), phosphate conditioners (CN 103143557B and CN 102941221A), high-surface adsorption materials (CN 104031651A, CN105131961A and CN 103143557B) and the like according to passivator materials. In order to achieve the aim of effectively passivating the heavy metals in the soil, the application amount of the passivator is generally large, the passivator has large influence on the soil structure and the physical and chemical properties, the yield of cultivated land is often reduced, and the income of farmers is greatly influenced. In addition, there are phytoremediation methods (CN 102500614A, CN101941018B, CN102172608B, CN102172611B, CN104858226A and CN 103109651A), but they do not have necessary conditions for large-area popularization and application in china with scarce cultivated land resources.
In order to ensure the edible safety of vegetables produced in the vegetable field polluted by lead, cadmium and the like, the invention discloses a vegetable lead-cadmium absorption blocking agent and a using method thereof on the basis of deeply researching the vegetable lead-cadmium absorption mechanism and the regulation and control effect of organic carbon signals on the growth of the vegetables.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a blocking agent which can effectively inhibit lead and cadmium absorption and transfer of vegetables to edible parts and obviously reduce the lead and cadmium content of the edible parts of the vegetables and a using method thereof.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a lead-cadmium absorption blocking agent for vegetables comprises one or more of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, glycerol and oxaloacetic acid as effective components.
The lead and cadmium absorption blocking agent for vegetables comprises one or more of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, glycerol and oxaloacetic acid as effective components, and is prepared into a solution with the concentration of the effective components of 0.2 mmol/L-3.0 mmol/L when in use.
The invention also provides a using method of the lead-cadmium absorption blocking agent for the vegetables, the blocking agent is prepared into a solution of 0.2 mmol/L-3.0 mmol/L before the method is used, the prepared blocking agent solution is sprayed on vegetable leaves in a spraying mode for the vegetable fields polluted by lead and cadmium, and the spraying amount per mu is 15L-50L.
The blocking agent disclosed by the invention can be used for effectively blocking the absorption of lead and cadmium by vegetables and remarkably reducing the lead and cadmium content of the vegetables when the blocking agent is sprayed on the page of the vegetable field polluted by lead and cadmium in the period from the planting to the harvesting of the vegetables. The blocking agent is suitable for rice fields with moderate or lower soil lead-cadmium pollution degree. Preferably, the total cadmium content of the adaptive paddy soil is less than 5mg/kg, and the total lead content is less than 1500 mg/kg.
The effective spraying period of the blocking agent is the effective period from planting to harvesting of the leaf vegetables, the blocking agent can be sprayed for 1-6 times, and the shortest interval time between two spraying is 3 days; for melons and fruits, the melons and fruits are sprayed for 1-3 times or for 1-2 times in two periods respectively in the flowering period, the fruit setting period and the melon and fruit expanding period of the vegetables, and the shortest interval time of the two spraying is 3 days.
The application method of the blocking agent is characterized in that the optimal spraying concentration of the blocking agent in the seedling stage (within 10-15 days from the planting day) of the leaf vegetables is 0.2-1.0 mmol/L; the preferable spraying concentration of the blocking agent in the later growth period (the period from 10-15 days after planting to before harvesting) of the leaf vegetables is 0.3-3.0 mmol/L; the preferable spraying concentration of the barrier agent for flowering period of the melon and fruit vegetables is 0.2 mmol/L-1.0 mmol/L; the preferable spraying concentration of the barrier agent for the fruit setting period of the melons and fruits vegetables is 0.3 mmol/L-1.5 mmol/L; the preferable spraying concentration of the barrier agent for the melon, fruit and vegetable in the expanding period is 0.5 mmol/L-3.0 mmol/L.
When the blocking agent adopts two or three effective components, the sum of the concentrations of the two or three effective components does not exceed 3mmol/L, and the concentration of any single component is not lower than 0.2 mmol/L.
The using method preferably comprises the steps that the concentration of the blocking agent is 0.5 mmol/L-1 mmol/L, and the spraying amount per mu is 25L-35L.
When the use method is used, when the blocking agent is sprayed in one period, the spraying period of the leaf vegetables is the later growth period, and the spraying period of the melons, fruits and vegetables is the swelling period of the melons and fruits.
Further, according to the using method, the blocking agent can be mixed with pesticides for killing and preventing diseases in a corresponding period and then sprayed.
Preferably, when the blocking agent is mixed with pesticide for killing insects and preventing diseases for application, the concentration of the effective component of the blocking agent is 0.5 mmol/L-1.5 mmol/L.
The following describes a method for measuring each effective component in the vegetable heavy metal blocking agent.
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid and oxalyl in the BarrierThe acetic acid was measured by HPLC using Hypersil BDS (4.6 mm. times.250 mm,5 μm) as a column and 0.1mol/L of (NH)4)H2PO4(pH 2.65) as a mobile phase, the flow rate is 1.0ml/min, the detection wavelength is 215nm, and the sample injection amount is 20 mu L.
The content of the glycerol in the blocking agent is determined by adopting a glycerol content detection method in GBT 687-.
The method for measuring cadmium in vegetables adopts a method for measuring the cadmium content in the vegetables in GB 5009.15-2014; the method for measuring the lead content in the vegetables adopts the method for measuring the lead content in the vegetables in GB 5009.12-2010.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the lead-cadmium heavy metal blocking agent for vegetables has a remarkable application effect, can reduce the lead-cadmium content of edible parts of the vegetables by more than 30% compared with a control when applied to vegetable fields and vegetables with moderate or mild lead-cadmium pollution degree of soil, and can reduce the lead-cadmium content of the edible parts of the vegetables by 60% when sprayed for 3-6 times in the growth period of leaf vegetables; the lead and cadmium content in the fruits and vegetables can be reduced by 50% by spraying for 1-3 times in the flowering period, the fruit setting period and the melon and fruit expanding period of the fruits and vegetables respectively, so that edible safe vegetables can be produced in the vegetable field with moderate and light pollution of lead and cadmium, and the threat of heavy metals to the health of human bodies is eliminated.
The components of the lead-cadmium heavy metal blocking agent for vegetables are substances existing in the physiological and biochemical processes of plants, and the lead-cadmium heavy metal blocking agent is safe and nontoxic to vegetable plants and human bodies.
The lead-cadmium heavy metal blocking agent for vegetables has low effective action concentration (0.2-3 mmol/L), small dosage (only 1.5-10g of blocking agent pure product sprayed and applied once per mu of vegetables), and low material cost. Meanwhile, the blocking agent can be mixed with pesticides for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in corresponding periods, so that labor cost is saved.
The lead-cadmium heavy metal blocking agent for vegetables can effectively reduce the heavy metal content of the vegetables, has a certain promotion effect on the growth of the vegetables, improves the yield of the vegetables, and realizes high yield and high quality.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description of specific embodiments, which are not intended to be limiting but are merely exemplary.
Example 1 application example of Barrier agent to leaf vegetables (pakchoi)
The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value of the soil is 5.11, the total cadmium content is 2.38mg/kg, the total lead content is 628.8mg/kg, the organic matter is 11.24g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 3.07g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.39g/kg, the total potassium content is 4.98g/kg, and the planted vegetable variety is Chinese cabbage. The notes on basic physicochemical properties such as lead and cadmium contents of experimental soil and vegetable varieties in the embodiment of the invention are only to illustrate the effect of reducing the heavy metal content in the vegetables after the barrier agent disclosed by the embodiment is sprayed, and the similar effect can be achieved by adopting the technology disclosed by the invention in heavy metal polluted farmlands according to the technical characteristics of the invention.
The implementation is provided with 5 treatments (see table 1), each treatment is provided with 3 cells, and each cell has an area of 200m2The cells are randomly arranged, and a 50cm protection line is set among the cells. The fertilization and transplanting time of each treatment is the same as the daily field management, and the uniform harvest is carried out 40 days after the transplantation. Except that the treatment T4 added alpha-ketoglutaric acid to the pesticide at 20 days after transplantation and sprayed together, the other pesticides were applied separately. Harvesting in the same time of each treatment and respectively measuring the content of heavy metal cadmium and lead in the rice.
TABLE 1 application of Barrier agent to Brassica rapa Cristata in the field plot test protocol
| Treatment number | Processing method |
| CK1 | Non-spraying blocking agent |
| T1 | Spraying 0.5mmol/L alpha-ketoglutaric acid solution about 12L on 7 days after Chinese cabbage transplantation, and spraying 0.8mmo on 20 daysL/L of glycerol solution 15L, about 20L of 2.0 mmol/L oxaloacetate solution is sprayed after 30 days. |
| T2 | And 5, spraying an oxaloacetic acid solution once every 7 days after the Chinese cabbages are transplanted from 10 days to 45 days. The concentration of the first three times of spraying is 0.3mmol/L, and each time Spraying about 16L; the concentration of the last 4 times of spraying is 2.5 mmol/L, and each time of spraying is about 25L. |
| T3 | And spraying a mixed solution of 0.3mmol/L of glycerol and 0.2mmol/L of oxaloacetic acid for about 20L on the 25 th day after the transplanting of the pakchoi. |
| T4 | Adding 1.49g solid alpha-ketoglutaric acid into 20L prepared pesticide solution (2.5% pesticide emulsifiable solution, 2000 times), and making into solution containing 0.5 mmol/ml L alpha-ketoglutaric acid and a killer are sprayed 15 days after transplanting; on day 30: adding 3.0g of solid alpha-ketoglutaric acid into 20L of the mixture to prepare the alpha-ketoglutaric acid The pesticide liquid (1% pesticide emulsifiable solution, 3000 times) is prepared into pesticide containing 1.0mmol/L of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and pesticide Spraying after 30 days of planting. |
The measuring results of the lead and cadmium content of the overground part of each treated pakchoi are shown in table 2, compared with the control (CK 1), the cadmium of the pakchoi sprayed with the blocking agent is reduced by 33.4-65.1 percent and accords with the food sanitation standard (GB 2762-. Similarly, the lead content of the pakchoi is greatly reduced by spraying the blocking agent, and the lead content of the four sprayed blocking agents is reduced by 33.0-67.4% compared with the control, so that the lead content of the pakchoi meets the food sanitation standard.
TABLE 2 heavy metal content of pakchoi after spraying the blocking agent
Example 2 application of Barrier agent to melon and fruit (Pepper)
The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value of the soil is 4.97, the total cadmium content is 1.68mg/kg, the total lead content is 489.76mg/kg, the organic matter is 0.79g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 2.32g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.88g/kg, the total potassium content is 5.39g/kg, and the planted vegetables are hot peppers. The notes on basic physicochemical properties such as lead and cadmium contents of experimental soil and vegetable varieties in the embodiment of the invention are only to illustrate the effect of reducing the heavy metal content in the vegetables after the barrier agent disclosed by the embodiment is sprayed, and the similar effect can be achieved by adopting the technology disclosed by the invention in heavy metal polluted farmlands according to the technical characteristics of the invention.
The implementation is provided with 5 treatments (see table 3), each treatment is provided with 3 cells, and each cell has an area of 200m2The cells are randomly arranged, and a 50cm protection line is set among the cells. The fertilization, pest control and field daily management of each treatment are the same, and the heavy metal cadmium and lead contents in the rice are respectively measured by harvesting at the same time.
TABLE 3 different application methods of Barrier on Pepper cell test protocol
| To Theory of things Number (C) | Processing method |
| CK2 | Non-spraying blocking agent |
| T5 | Spraying 0.5mmol/L glycerol solution 15L at the initial flowering stage, continuously spraying for 3 times, and spraying for 5 days each time. |
| T6 | Spraying about 28L of 1.0mmol/L oxaloacetic acid solution after the first batch of hot peppers shed flowers until one week before the hot peppers are harvested, and spraying for 4 times, wherein the spraying interval is 3 to 3 And 7 days. |
| T7 | Spraying a mixed solution containing 0.2mmol/L of glycerol and 0.5mmol/L of alpha-ketoglutaric acid for about 18L in the full-bloom stage of the pepper; spraying again in the rapid expansion period of hot pepper About 25L of a 1.5mmol/L solution of oxaloacetate was sprayed 2 times with 6 days intervals. |
| T8 | Spraying 0.5mmol/L alpha-ketoglutaric acid solution about 15L in the full-bloom stage of the pepper; adding 3g of oxaloacetic acid into 22kg of prepared aphicide in the quick expansion period of hot pepper The pesticide (1000 times of 4.5% high-effective cypermethrin emulsifiable solution) is sprayed twice continuously with an interval of 7 days. |
The results of the determination of the lead and cadmium contents in the harvested pepper fruits (homogenized together with the pepper seeds) obtained in each treatment are shown in table 4, and compared with the control (CK 2), the cadmium content in the pepper treated by spraying the blocking agent is reduced by 48.3% -77.5%, and the lead content is reduced by 35.5% -76.8%.
TABLE 4 lead and cadmium content in pepper fruits after spraying the blocking agent
Claims (9)
1. The use method of the lead-cadmium absorption blocking agent for vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps: before use, the blocking agent is prepared into a solution of 0.2 mmol/L-3.0 mmol/L, the prepared blocking agent solution is sprayed on vegetable leaves in a spraying mode in a vegetable field polluted by heavy metals, the spraying amount per mu is 15L-50L, wherein the effective component of the blocking agent is glycerol or the combination of glycerol and alpha-ketoglutaric acid; the vegetable is leaf vegetable or melon and fruit vegetable.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the effective spraying period of the blocking agent is 5-7 days from vegetable planting to harvesting; spraying the leaf vegetables for 1-6 times from planting to harvesting, wherein the shortest interval time between the two spraying is 3 days; for melons and fruits, the melons and fruits are sprayed for 1-3 times in the flowering period, the fruit setting period and the melon and fruit expanding period respectively.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the effective spraying period of the blocking agent is 5-7 days from vegetable planting to harvesting; spraying the leaf vegetables for 1-6 times in the later growth stage, wherein the shortest interval time of the two spraying is 3 days; for melons and fruits, the fertilizer is sprayed for 1-3 times in the melon and fruit expanding period.
4. The use method of claim 2, wherein the spraying concentration of the flowering-stage blocking agent for the melons and fruits vegetables is 0.2-1.0 mmol/L; the spraying concentration of the blocking agent in the fruit setting period of the melon and fruit vegetables is 0.3 mmol/L-1.5 mmol/L; the spraying concentration of the barrier agent for the melon, fruit and vegetable in the expanding period is 0.5 mmol/L-3.0 mmol/L; the spraying concentration of the blocking agent for the leaf vegetable at the seedling stage is 0.2 mmol/L-1.0 mmol/L; the spraying concentration of the blocking agent at the later growth stage of the leaf vegetables is 0.3 mmol/L-3.0 mmol/L.
5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: when two effective components are adopted as the blocking agent, the sum of the concentrations of the two effective components is not more than 3.0mmol/L, and the concentration of any single component is not less than 0.2 mmol/L.
6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the concentration of the blocking agent is 0.5 mmol/L-1 mmol/L, and the spraying amount per mu is 25L-35L.
7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the blocking agent can be mixed with pesticides for killing insects and preventing diseases in a corresponding period and then sprayed.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that: when the blocking agent is mixed with pesticide for killing insects and preventing diseases for application, the concentration of the effective component is 0.5 mmol/L-1.5 mmol/L.
9. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the blocking agent is suitable for farmlands with moderate and lower soil lead-cadmium pollution degrees, the total cadmium content of the suitable farmland soil is less than 5mg/kg, and the total lead content is less than 1500 mg/kg.
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| CN110150319B (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2020-06-16 | 南京农业大学 | Vegetable heavy metal blocking agent and use method thereof |
| CN111363554B (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2021-10-29 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Microwave absorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN111567262B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2022-04-08 | 南京农业大学 | Chinese cabbage heavy metal blocking agent and using method thereof |
| CN112335662B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-02-11 | 南京农业大学 | Separating agent for heavy metal cadmium in pakchoi and using method of separating agent |
| CN114303692A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 陕西中农厚朴农业科技有限公司 | Method for reducing heavy metal content of edible part of crop |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108990988A (en) | 2018-12-14 |
| CN105815313B (en) | 2018-07-20 |
| CN105815313A (en) | 2016-08-03 |
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