CN104823738A - Application of melatonin in reducing cadmium accumulation in plants - Google Patents
Application of melatonin in reducing cadmium accumulation in plants Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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Abstract
The invention discloses an application of melatonin in reducing cadmium accumulation in plants. The application includes the following steps: (1) mixing melatonin and additives to form aqueous solution; (2) spraying the aqueous solution on plant leaf surfaces under cadmium stress or filling the aqueous solution in nutrient solution or soil where plants grow. The melatonin can quickly and efficiently reduce cadmium content in plant leaves, change distribution of cadmium ions in plant cells, and relieve damage of cadmium to cells; in addition, the melatonin is simple to prepare and convenient to use, does not cause product and environment pollution, does not generate phytotoxicity easily and has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the applied technical field of epiphysin, be specifically related to epiphysin is applied to the Cd accumulation reduced in plant corpus.
Background technology
Cadmium (cadmium, Cd) be one of heavy metal that toxicity is the strongest, can not be degraded by microorganisms in soil, the conversion that can only occur between occurrence patterns because of different condition impact, cadmium other non-essential elements of energy force rate from soil to plant migration are stronger, are easily absorbed by plants and accumulate, exceeding the yield and quality that certain limit has a strong impact on crop, and by food chain enrichment, be detrimental to health.Cadmium is to the toxicity of plant, and morphologically main manifestations is leaf chlorosis, curling, and root, Stem nematode are slow; Physiology aspect shows as photosynthesis more and is suppressed, and causes the damage of oxidative stress and film.
For the improvement of contaminated soil, the most traditional is also the most direct method is soil replacement method and isolation method.The former changes unpolluted soil into contaminated soil; Latter adds curing agent in soil, the cadmium ion in soil fixed, prevents it from moving.
These methods engineering amounts are large, consume manpower and materials greatly, are only suitable for small size contaminated region and use.Adopt chemical method, agronomy regulation method and biological restoration now more.Chemical method is in soil, add the character of chemical reagent as change soil such as siliceous fertilizers, heavy metal element in soil is adsorbed or co-precipitation, reduce its biological effectiveness and animal migration, but heavy metal is not removed, still there is the risk of re-activation, and chemical method also may cause the loss of trace element, causes the combined pollution of soil.Agronomy regulation changes heavy metal-polluted soil activity mainly through regulating the means such as soil pH, change tillage method, reduces the transfer from soil to crop.These class methods only change the occurrence status of Cd and easy reactivation, are not permanent plans.
Utilizing super enriching plant to carry out biological prosthetic reduction heavy metal content in soil is current more welcome solution, such as, publication number is the plant restoration method that the Chinese invention patent application of CN103521508A discloses a kind of cadmium pollution soil, comprise the following steps: in the soil of cadmium pollution, plant perennial ryegrass, before results, add organic acid; Described organic acid is selected from the one in ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, oxalic acid, glacial acetic acid, malonic acid, tartaric acid or malic acid.Method of the present invention is as under the prerequisite of biomass material based on perennial ryegrass, when with perennial ryegrass cadmium pollution soil repair, inducing action is activated by organic acid, improve the biological effectiveness of heavy metal cadmium, facilitate the absorption enrichment of plant to cadmium, thus accelerate heavy-metal contaminated soil phytoremediation speed.Plant restoration method is compared with other method, with low cost, little to soil infringement, can not produce secondary pollution, but the cycle of improvement is long, effect slow, is not suitable for spread, compares and be suitable as supplementary means.
For in large area, slight pollution farmland, screening resistance to cadmium and the low accumulation crop varieties of edible organs and improve chemical regulation technique and alleviate cadmium poison as external source sprays steroids, reduce crop Cd uptake and accumulation, is more effective solution at present.The latter's low, instant effect of processing ease, cost, more welcome comparatively speaking.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of take epiphysin as the preparation of active ingredient and the method with Cd accumulation in transformation of the way agent reduction plant corpus, effectively reduces cadmium content, safety non-pollution in plant corpus.
The invention provides the application of a kind of epiphysin in reduction plant corpus in Cd accumulation.
Described application comprises the steps:
(1) epiphysin aqua is made after being mixed with additives by epiphysin;
(2) described epiphysin aqua is sprayed in Cd stress plant leaf surface or add in the nutrient solution or soil of plant growth.
Described additives are conventional additive, such as, and second alcohol and water.
Epiphysin (melatonin, MT), have another name called U.S.A draw ketone peaceful, press down melanocyte, melatonin, molecular formula is C
13n
2h
16o
2molecular weight 232.27; fusing point 116 DEG C ~ 118 DEG C, chemical name is MLT (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (structure is as shown in Figure 1), water insoluble; be dissolved in the organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, ether; to light sensitive, be heated destructible, a kind of amine bormones mainly produced by the pineal gland of mammal and the mankind; current discovery epiphysin is equally extensively present in all kinds of higher plant, but content is few.
Epiphysin can protective plant opposing chemical substance and the injury of heavy metal ion; and epiphysin is originally as endogenous metabolism thing; can be biodegradable; to the safe noresidue of human non-toxic's property; be applicable to very much the production of land for growing field crops and industrialized agriculture, be therefore necessary to screen suitable concentration and the processing mode that effectively can reduce cadmium content in plant corpus.
Be uniformly distributed in aqueous to make said preparation and be evenly sprayed on tomato blade face, preferably, in described aqua, being also added with surfactant.Various conventional surfactant is all applicable, such as, at least one in tween, cleaning agent for kitchen use, fatty glyceride and agricultural organosilicon.Agricultural organosilyl surfactant effect is better, and during actual use, agricultural organosilicon is preferred surfactant, and addition is 2/10000ths.
Preferably, described plant is tomato, cucumber and romaine lettuce.Further preferably, described plant is tomato.
When tomato grows to 4 leaf 1 heart, Cd stress process is carried out to tomato root and (in nutrient solution, adds CdCl
2concentration is made to reach 100 μMs), within every 3 ~ 5 days afterwards, spray an aqua, the time that sprays is at dusk.
The amount of spraying is as the criterion so that all blades are moistening at every turn, and spraying total degree is 3 ~ 5 times.Every strain amount of spraying is different with plant size, is about 15 ~ 50mL.
Preferably, in described aqua, the concentration of epiphysin is 25 ~ 500 μMs.Further preferably, in described aqua, epiphysin concentration is 50 ~ 250 μMs, most preferably is 100 μMs.
In the present invention further preferably, when tomato grows to 4 leaf 1 heart, carry out Cd stress process to tomato root, spray an epiphysin aqua simultaneously, within every 5 days afterwards, spray an epiphysin aqua, the time that sprays is at dusk; The amount of spraying is as the criterion so that all blades are moistening at every turn, and spraying total degree is 3 times; In described aqua, the concentration of epiphysin is 50 ~ 250 μMs.
Most preferably, when tomato grows to 4 leaf 1 heart, carry out Cd stress process to tomato root, spray an epiphysin aqua simultaneously, within every 5 days afterwards, spray an epiphysin aqua, the time that sprays is at dusk; The amount of spraying is as the criterion so that all blades are moistening at every turn, and spraying total degree is 3 times; In described aqua, the concentration of epiphysin is 100 μMs.
Compared with the conventional method, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Epiphysin preparation obtains by making aqua after being mixed with conventional additives by epiphysin, is applied in nutrient solution or in soil by foliage-spray or directly add with debita spissitudo, can cadmium content in safe and effective reduction plant corpus.
Epiphysin preparation of the present invention can reduce cadmium content in plant leaf blade fast and efficiently, change the distribution of cadmium ion in plant cell, alleviate cadmium to the infringement of cell, and preparation technology is simple, easy to use, product and environmental pollution can not be produced, not easily produce poisoning, have broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is epiphysin molecular structure.
Fig. 2-1 be in tomato root and blade cadmium containing spirogram.
Fig. 2-2 is subcellular proteomics figure of cadmium in tomato root and blade cell.
Fig. 3-1 is lightsystemⅡ maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm) figure.
Fig. 3-2 is Net Photosynthetic Rate figure.
Fig. 3-3 is that tomato root and blade Meso-and micro-nutrients contain spirogram.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) vegetable material
Be seeded in after tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.cv.Ailsa Craig) seed 65 DEG C of water seed soaking vernalization and comprise the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite (3:1, V:V), in mixed-matrix pot for growing seedlings or perlite, water according to water supply in media situation after being unearthed and keep matrix moistening.After rough leaf occurs, move in hydroponic box (40cm × 25cm × 15cm), 6 tomato seedlings in each hydroponic box, sponge is fixed.Nutrient solution adopts Huo Gelan formula, changes one time of nutrition liquid weekly.
(2) epiphysin preparation preparation
The epiphysin preparation of 5 concentration gradients (25 μMs, 50 μMs, 100 μMs, 250 μMs, 500 μMs) is set.Composed as follows: 98% epiphysin (Aladdin, Shanghai Jing Chun biochemical technology limited company), ethanol, water.This epiphysin preparation is prepared in accordance with the following steps and obtains: first mixed by the ethanol of the epiphysin of 118.5mg and 1mL, then adds the mixing of 1L water, and obtain the preparation of 500 μMs, other concentration successively dilute with water obtains.Be uniformly distributed in aqueous to make said preparation and be evenly sprayed on tomato blade face, in said preparation, adding surfactant.Various conventional surfactant is all applicable to the method, as the one in tween, cleaning agent for kitchen use, fatty glyceride and agricultural organosilicon.Agricultural organosilyl surfactant effect is better, and during actual use, agricultural organosilicon is preferred surfactant, and addition is 2/10000ths.All operations lucifuge of trying one's best is carried out, the preparation lucifuge configured 4 DEG C preservation.
(3) Stress treatment
1 contrast is established in experiment altogether, 6 process are (when tomato grows to 4 leaf 1 heart, Cd stress (100 μMs) process is carried out to root), be respectively contrast (0 μM of Cd), Cd (100 μMs), Cd+MT (25 μMs), Cd+MT (50 μMs), Cd+MT (100 μMs), Cd+MT (250 μMs), Cd+MT (500 μMs).Epiphysin sprays once in every 5 days, the corresponding hydroponic box of each process totally 6 seedlings.The time that sprays, every strain amount of spraying was different with plant size, sprays to all blades are moistening, is about 15 ~ 50mL, spray 3 times altogether at dusk.
(4) cadmium content measures
Get blade or root, 110 DEG C of 15min that complete, then 75 ~ 80 DEG C dry 2d, take 0.3g dry sample, after sieving, add 5mL nitric acid, 180 DEG C disappear boil to liquid clarification, funnel filter, add deionized water constant volume to 50mL.Atomic absorption instrument (Shimadzu AA6300) is used to measure.
Test result as shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2-1 be in tomato root and blade cadmium containing spirogram, Fig. 2-2 is subcellular proteomics figure of cadmium in tomato root and blade cell, as seen from the figure, after Cd Stress treatment, the Cd content in tomato root and blade is respectively 74.98 μ g and 11.10 μ g (g DW)
-1, after external source applies epiphysin, in root, Cd content does not have difference, and in blade, Cd content obviously reduces, wherein best with the effect of 100 μMs, reduces by 53.5% (Fig. 2-1).In addition, Cd also there are differences (Fig. 2-2) in subcellular proteomics.After tomato suffers Cd stress, in root and blade cell, the ratio that cadmium distributes in cell wall, vacuole, organelle and kytoplasm is respectively 10.6/11.3%, 15.3/13.1%, 42.1/40.2% and 32.0/35.4%.And after the epiphysin process of 100 μMs, the subcellular proteomics of cadmium changes.The distribution showed increased of cadmium in cell wall and vacuole, 42.1/44.1% (root/leaf) is risen to respectively by 25.9/24.3%, and proportion reduces in organelle and kytoplasm, be reduced to 57.8/55.9% by 74.1/75.6%, slow down the toxic action of cadmium to plant cell largely.
(5) epiphysin preparation growth inhibition remission effect that Cd stress is caused
After Cd stress process 14d, measure the trace element in plant root, blade and measure photosynthetic relevant parameter.Result as shown in Figure 3, wherein Fig. 3-1 is lightsystemⅡ maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm) figure, Fig. 3-2 is Net Photosynthetic Rate figure, Fig. 3-3 is that tomato root and blade Meso-and micro-nutrients contain spirogram, result shows, after epiphysin process, the Xanthophyll cycle that Cd stress causes is eased, wherein best with the epiphysin effect of 100 μMs, compared with the control, lightsystemⅡ maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm) (Fig. 3-1) and Net Photosynthetic Rate (Pn) (Fig. 3-2) improves 13.5% and 90.4% respectively.In addition, Cd stress process seriously inhibits plant roots and blade to the absorption of micronutrient element, and can obviously alleviate after epiphysin process, in blade and root, the content of iron, manganese, zinc, copper rises 40.1/54.5% respectively compared with the control, 54.8/81.8%, 50.3/68.5 and 28.7/42.4% (Fig. 3-3).
Embodiment 2
Step (1) ~ (2) are with embodiment 1, step sprayed once every 3 days in (3), spray 5 times altogether, carry out cadmium content mensuration according to embodiment step (4), result display can reach the treatment effect of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Tomato, with embodiment 1, is replaced with romaine lettuce by step, carries out cadmium content mensuration according to embodiment step (4), and result display can reach the treatment effect of embodiment 1 substantially.
Embodiment 4
Tomato, with embodiment 1, is replaced with cucumber by step, carries out cadmium content mensuration according to embodiment step (4), and result display can reach the treatment effect of embodiment 1 substantially.
Claims (9)
1. the application of epiphysin in reduction plant corpus in Cd accumulation.
2. epiphysin, reducing the application in plant corpus in Cd accumulation, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: according to claim 1
(1) epiphysin aqua is made after being mixed with additives by epiphysin;
(2) described epiphysin aqua is sprayed in Cd stress plant leaf surface or add in the nutrient solution or soil of plant growth.
3. the application of epiphysin in reduction plant corpus in Cd accumulation according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described additives are second alcohol and water.
4. epiphysin, reducing the application in plant corpus in Cd accumulation, is characterized in that, is also added with surfactant in described aqua according to claim 2.
5. the application of epiphysin in reduction plant corpus in Cd accumulation according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described plant is tomato, cucumber and romaine lettuce.
6. the application of epiphysin in reduction plant corpus in Cd accumulation according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described plant is tomato.
7. epiphysin, reducing the application in plant corpus in Cd accumulation, is characterized in that, when tomato grows to 4 leaf 1 heart, carries out Cd stress process to tomato root, within every 3 ~ 5 days afterwards, spray an epiphysin aqua according to claim 6, and the time that sprays is at dusk.
8. the application of epiphysin in reduction plant corpus in Cd accumulation according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the amount of spraying is as the criterion so that all blades are moistening at every turn, and spraying total degree is 3 ~ 5 times.
9. the application of epiphysin in reduction plant corpus in Cd accumulation according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described epiphysin aqua, the concentration of epiphysin is 25 ~ 500 μMs.
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