CN107041181B - Method for promoting growth of pea seedlings and reducing cadmium accumulation - Google Patents
Method for promoting growth of pea seedlings and reducing cadmium accumulation Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting growth of pea seedlings and reducing cadmium accumulation, which comprises the following steps: (1) soaking the pea seeds with melatonin aqueous solution; (2) after accelerating germination, planting in soil, and keeping the soil moist; (3) after seedling emergence, seedling is grown, and soil is kept moist. The invention can promote the growth of pea seedlings; the method can obviously reduce the cadmium absorption of pea seedlings, and compared with a clear water control group, the cadmium content of root systems and overground parts can be respectively reduced by 20.31 percent and 46.52 percent at most.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural science, and particularly relates to a method for promoting growth of pea seedlings and reducing cadmium accumulation.
Background
Soil resources are one of the most important resources on which human beings live, but in recent years, cadmium pollution of soil in China is increasingly serious. According to statistics, the cadmium pollution in China nowThe land dyeing area reaches 1.3 multiplied by 104hm2And 25 areas of 11 provinces and cities are involved. Cadmium is a non-essential element of plants, is one of the most toxic heavy metal pollutants, and is very easy to be absorbed by plant root systems and transferred to other parts. In addition, cadmium also has an accumulation effect, enters a human body through a food chain, and if the cadmium is excessively ingested, the cadmium can cause mutation, teratogenesis and carcinogenesis, and the health of people is seriously affected. On the other hand, cadmium in vegetables is becoming a focus of attention, and pollution mainly comes from sewage irrigation, sludge application and the like. It is worth noting that in recent years, with the mass application of high-content phosphate fertilizers and compound fertilizers imported from foreign countries into vegetable field soil, fertilizer application has become an important source of cadmium pollution of vegetables. Vegetables are food materials essential for life of people, but after heavy metal elements enter vegetable plants, the heavy metal elements can generate toxic action on the growth and development of the vegetables, influence the physiological indexes of the vegetables and finally influence the yield and quality of the vegetables.
Aiming at specific plants, the effect of improving the stress resistance of the plants can be realized by utilizing a plurality of specific exogenous substances. However, no rule for which exogenous substances are suitable for which plant stress resistance is obtained in the field, and the existing research is generally an empirical and sporadic scientific research.
In particular to the field of heavy metal (cadmium) stress resistance of vegetables, not only the research is less, but also the situation that one substance can relieve the cadmium stress of one kind of vegetables, but the opposite effect is generated in the other kind of vegetables is common. For example, the effect of salicylic acid on the germination of pea seeds and the growth of seedlings under the cadmium stress reports that Salicylic Acid (SA) has the effect of relieving cadmium damage to peas, but the regulation and control effect of cadmium on rape toxic effect and exogenous hormone on cadmium toxic effect reports that SA cannot relieve but aggravates cadmium damage to rape.
Pea is a leguminous plant, contains protein containing various amino acids essential to human body, has high nutritive value, contains enzyme for decomposing nitrosamine, has the functions of cancer prevention and cancer resistance, is cultivated all over the country, and has large production area. In recent years, cadmium pollution of vegetable fields directly influences the safe production of peas. Therefore, a method for promoting growth of pea seedlings and reducing cadmium accumulation is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for promoting the growth of pea seedlings and reducing the accumulation of cadmium, which comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the pea seeds with melatonin aqueous solution;
(2) after accelerating germination, planting in soil, and keeping the soil moist;
(3) after seedling emergence, seedling is grown, and soil is kept moist.
The invention discovers that after the seed soaking treatment is carried out on the pea seeds by using the melatonin aqueous solution, the growth condition of the pea seedlings can be obviously improved, the cadmium pollution poison with certain concentration is relieved, and the resistance of the pea is enhanced.
The invention discovers that after the seeds are soaked by the melatonin aqueous solution, the shape indexes of the peas are obviously changed, and the possible reasons are that the melatonin plays a growth regulation role in plants, such as promotion of cell expansion, root regeneration, internode growth, leaf expansion and the like, so that the pea seedlings grow better, and the external melatonin can relieve the inhibition effect of cadmium on the growth of the peas.
When the concentration of melatonin in the aqueous solution of melatonin is not less than 50 mu mol.L-1The obtained technical effect is better.
Preferably, the concentration of the melatonin in the melatonin aqueous solution is 50-200 mu mol.L-1。
As the best proposal found by the inventor, the concentration of the melatonin in the aqueous melatonin solution is 200 mu mol.L-1. It should be noted that, from the current results of the present invention, when the concentration is more than 200. mu. mol. L-1Better technical results may be obtained. Thus, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this concentration is not necessarily the best choice within the spirit of the invention.
Preferably, in the step (1), the soaking time is 24 hours.
Preferably, in the step (2), the temperature is 24 ℃ during planting.
Alternatively, the total time of step (2) and step (3) is 40 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can promote the growth of pea seedlings;
2. the method can obviously reduce the cadmium absorption of pea seedlings, and compared with a clear water control group, the cadmium content of root systems and overground parts can be respectively reduced by 20.31 percent and 46.52 percent at most.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, and it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The pea variety is mature pea No. 8 (vigorous growth, multiple branches, good stability and wide adaptability), and is purchased in the market. The soil is moisture soil, is taken from farmlands in Wenjiang areas of Sichuan province and cities, and has the following basic physicochemical properties: the pH value is 6.29, the organic matter content is 21.16g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 1.09g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 1.20g/kg, the total potassium content is 22.21g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 68.12mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 16.22mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 156.21mg/kg, the total cadmium content is 0.10mg/kg, and the effective cadmium content is 0.028 mg/kg.
Air drying the soil, placing into a plastic pot of 11 × 15cm (diameter × height) 0.5kg of air-dried soil sieved with 6.72mm (3 mesh), adding cadmium solution (in CdCl)2.2.5H2Adding into soil in O analysis pure form) to make soil cadmium content be 10mg/kg[14]Keeping the soil moist, standing for 30d, and irregularly turning over and mixing to ensure that the soil is fully and uniformly mixed.
Soaking peas in melatonin solution with concentration of 0(CK, clear water), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mu mol/L for 24h, repeating the treatment for 3 times, accelerating germination, planting in PVC pots filled with soil, planting 8 seeds in each pot, keeping the planting depth shallow, keeping the planting depth wet, placing in a culture room, keeping the temperature of the culture room at about 24 ℃, moving the PVC pots into a rain shelter after emergence of seedlings, growing seedlings, keeping 5 seedlings with consistent growth in each pot, and watering in time to keep the soil wet.
The whole pea plant is harvested after 40 days of planting, and the plant height, the root length, the root base diameter, the stem base diameter, the root system volume and the biomass are measured. The content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid) is measured by an acetone-ethanol mixed extraction method. Soluble protein content was measured by Coomassie Brilliant white G250 method, and activities of Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were determined in accordance with the Experimental course of plant physiology[15]The method of (4) is carried out. Weighing 5.000g of fresh plant sample, grinding into homogenate, adding nitric acid-perchloric acid (volume ratio of 4:1), standing for 12h, digesting until the solution is transparent, filtering, diluting to 50ml, and measuring cadmium content with iCAP 6300 type ICP spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, USA).
2.1 Effect of melatonin treatment at different concentrations on the morphological index of pea seedlings
As can be seen from Table 1, the plant height, root length, root base diameter and stem base diameter of the pea seedlings after melatonin seed soaking treatment were all increased compared with the control, and the plant height, root length, root base diameter and stem base diameter were increased synchronously with the increase of the melatonin concentration. When the concentration of the melatonin is 200 mu mol/L, the plant height, the root length, the root base diameter and the stem base diameter of the pea seedlings reach the maximum values, and are respectively improved by 14.27 percent (P is less than 0.05), 16.75 percent (P is less than 0.05), 220.29 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 193.42 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with respective control. Therefore, melatonin soaking can improve the external form index of the pea seedlings, and the concentration effect of 200 mu mol/L is most remarkable.
TABLE 1 influence of melatonin treatment at different concentrations on the plant height, root length and root and stem base diameter of pea seedlings
Note: different lower case letters indicate that the difference between treatments reached a significant level (P < 0.05), as follows.
2.2 influence of melatonin treatment with different concentrations on fresh weight and root volume of each part of pea seedlings
As shown in table 2, the fresh weight and root volume of the pea seedlings were increased after the melatonin seed soaking treatment compared to the control. With the increase of the concentration of the melatonin, the fresh weight of root systems, stems, leaves and overground parts of the pea seedlings tends to increase. When the concentration of the melatonin reaches 200 mu mol/L, the fresh weights of root systems, stems, leaves and overground parts of the pea seedlings reach the maximum value, and are respectively increased by 56.93 percent (P is less than 0.05), 33.53 percent (P is less than 0.05), 51.46 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 43.56 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with respective control. Moreover, after the melatonin is soaked, the root system volume of the pea seedlings is also increased, and the root system volume tends to increase along with the increase of the melatonin concentration. When the concentration of the melatonin is 50, 100, 150 and 200 mu mol/L, the root volume of the pea seedlings is respectively increased by 6.38 percent (P is less than 0.05), 13.09 percent (P is less than 0.05), 31.17 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 36.17 percent (P is less than 0.05). Therefore, melatonin soaking promotes growth of pea seedlings, and the concentration of 200 mu mol/L has the best effect.
Table 2 influence of melatonin treatment at different concentrations on fresh weight and root volume of pea seedlings
2.3 Effect of melatonin treatment with different concentrations on moisture content of pea seedlings
With increasing melatonin concentration, the moisture content of the pea seedling root system, stem, leaf and aerial parts all tended to increase (table 3). When the concentration of the melatonin is 200 mu mol/L, the water contents of the root system, the stem, the leaves and the overground part of the pea seedling are respectively improved by 2.26 percent (P is less than 0.05), 2.37 percent (P is more than 0.05), 3.91 percent (P is more than 0.05) and 3.22 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with respective control. Therefore, the water content of the pea seedlings can be improved by soaking the melatonin, and the effect is optimal when the concentration of the melatonin is 200 mu mol/L.
TABLE 3 Effect of different concentrations of melatonin treatment on moisture content of pea seedlings
2.4 Effect of melatonin treatment at different concentrations on photosynthetic pigment content of pea seedlings
After the melatonin seed soaking treatment, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the pea seedlings are improved compared with those of a control (table 4). With the increase of the concentration of the melatonin, the chlorophyll a, the chlorophyll b, the total chlorophyll and the carotenoid content of the pea seedlings tend to increase, which shows that the melatonin can improve the chlorophyll content of the pea seedlings. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of the melatonin-soaked pea seedlings are not significantly different from those of the respective controls (P is more than 0.05). When the concentration of the melatonin is 50, 100, 150 and 200 mu mol/L, the total chlorophyll content of the pea seedlings is respectively improved by 0.93 percent (P is more than 0.05), 1.97 percent (P is more than 0.05), 9.62 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 11.28 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with a control, and the carotenoid content is respectively improved by 3.22 percent (P is more than 0.05), 21.45 percent (P is less than 0.05), 34.85 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 41.29 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control. From the chlorophyll a/b, the concentration of the melatonin is increased, meanwhile, the chlorophyll a/b of the pea seedlings is also increased, and the concentration of the melatonin is maximum at 200 mu mol/L.
TABLE 4 influence of melatonin treatment at different concentrations on the photosynthetic pigment content of pea seedlings
2.5 Effect of melatonin treatment at different concentrations on antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein of pea seedlings
As can be seen from table 5, after the melatonin soaking, the POD, SOD, CAT activities and soluble protein contents of the pea seedlings all increased with the increase of the melatonin concentration. When the melatonin concentration is 50, 100, 150 and 200 mu mol/L, the POD activity of the pea seedlings is respectively improved by 3.86 percent (P is more than 0.05), 19.94 percent (P is less than 0.05), 49.19 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 54.64 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control, the SOD activity is respectively improved by 16.16 percent (P is less than 0.05), 46.91 percent (P is less than 0.05), 96.89 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 113.79 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control, and the CAT activity is respectively improved by 22.44 percent (P is less than 0.05), 40.18 percent (P is less than 0.05), 64.16 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 95.73 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with. Melatonin vaccination also increased soluble protein content in pea seedlings and increased with increasing melatonin concentration (table 5). When the concentration of the melatonin is 200 mu mol/L, the content of soluble protein in the pea seedlings is increased by 96.43 percent compared with that in the control (P is less than 0.05). Therefore, melatonin can improve the antioxidant enzyme activity and the content of soluble protein of the pea seedlings, so that the stress resistance of the pea seedlings is improved.
TABLE 5 Effect of different concentrations of melatonin treatment on pea seedling peroxidase activity and soluble proteins
2.6 influence of melatonin treatment with different concentrations on the content of fresh heavy cadmium in pea seedlings
After the melatonin seed soaking treatment, the cadmium content of each organ of the pea seedlings is reduced (table 6). With the increase of the concentration of the melatonin, the cadmium content of the pea seedlings tends to be reduced, which shows that the melatonin can reduce the cadmium content of the pea seedlings. When the concentration of the melatonin reaches 200 mu mol/L, the cadmium content of the root system, the stem and the leaf of the pea seedling is reduced by 20.31 percent (P is less than 0.05), 44.10 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 46.94 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the respective control. When the concentration of the melatonin reaches 50, 100, 150 and 200 mu mol/L, the cadmium content of the overground part of the pea seedlings is respectively reduced by 18.56 percent (P < 0.05), 34.02 percent (P < 0.05), 42.27 percent (P < 0.05) and 46.39 percent (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Therefore, the melatonin soaking seed can effectively reduce the cadmium content of the pea seedlings.
TABLE 6 influence of melatonin treatment at different concentrations on the fresh cadmium content of pea seedlings
In the test, after seed soaking with melatonin, the contents of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid in peas are relatively increased, probably because melatonin prevents degradation of chlorophyll and increases the content of chlorophyll; on the other hand, melatonin probably relieves the inhibition of cadmium on chlorophyllin reductase, protects chloroplast membrane structure from being damaged, enhances the absorption capacity of mineral elements, improves the activity of enzymes participating in photosynthesis, increases the content of chlorophyll, enhances photosynthesis and increases the photosynthetic yield.
In the test, along with the increase of the concentration of the melatonin, the activity of the antioxidant enzyme is relatively increased, and the possible reasons are that the melatonin obviously improves the activities of SOD, POD and CAT of the pea seedlings under the stress of cadmium, improves the capability of eliminating ROS, protects a membrane system, improves the contents of antioxidant and soluble protein in the pea seedlings and enhances the resistance of the pea to cadmium. Another reason may be that melatonin acts as an antioxidant directly in the reaction, thereby enhancing the cadmium contamination resistance of the peas.
The reason for the test result is probably that the exogenous melatonin is used, so that cadmium in the pea seedling plant body is fully combined with sulfydryl of the semi-hazy amino acid residue, and the content of cadmium is reduced; another reason may be that cadmium induces the formation of PC in pea seedlings, reducing cadmium by Cd2+The form of (A) circulates in the pea plant, reduces the toxic effect of cadmium on the pea, thereby reducing the cadmium content of the pea seedling.
After seed soaking with melatonin of different concentrations, the growth physiological condition of pea seedlings can be improved and enhanced, and the accumulation of cadmium is reduced, in the test, when the melatonin concentration is 200 mu mol.L-1The effect is most remarkable. However, it can be seen from the results that the concentration of melatonin is increased, and the cadmium content and the pea indexes are in a continuously increasing state, so that the optimum concentration of melatonin cannot be selected according to the expected requirements, because no scholars have done soThe research in the relevant aspects leads to that when the concentration gradient of the melatonin is selected, the concentration is not selected sufficiently, but the melatonin soaking can be fully demonstrated to improve the growth condition of pea seedlings and reduce the cadmium accumulation. Therefore, the method can be further researched to select the proper melatonin concentration under different soil cadmium contents so as to reduce the cadmium content to the maximum extent, improve the production and ensure the safe production.
Claims (1)
1. A method for promoting growth of pea seedlings and reducing cadmium accumulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) with a concentration of 200. mu. mol. L-1The melatonin water solution is used for soaking the pea seeds for 24 hours; the pea seeds are mature pea No. 8 seeds;
(2) after accelerating germination, planting the seeds in soil, and keeping the soil moist and the planting environment at a constant temperature of 24 ℃;
(3) after seedling emergence, seedling is grown, and soil is kept moist;
wherein, the total time of the step (2) and the step (3) is 40 days.
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CN115532808A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-12-30 | 四川农业大学 | Application of salicylic acid in promoting growth of tartary buckwheat planted in cadmium-polluted soil |
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