CN105359693A - Method for effectively preventing iron deficiency yellowtop of fruit trees - Google Patents
Method for effectively preventing iron deficiency yellowtop of fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359693A CN105359693A CN201510681730.7A CN201510681730A CN105359693A CN 105359693 A CN105359693 A CN 105359693A CN 201510681730 A CN201510681730 A CN 201510681730A CN 105359693 A CN105359693 A CN 105359693A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for effectively preventing fruit trees iron deficiency yellowtop, which comprises steps: high concentration leaf fertilizers are sprayed in a spring sleep late, and the high concentration leaf fertilizers are sprayed in a mature period of blades for the first time. The method for effectively preventing the fruit trees iron deficiency yellowtop prevents fruit tree yellowtop from happening by spraying different formulas of high concentration leaf fertilizers according to different radios of required iron elements of fruit trees in development stages of the fruit trees from a spring dormant period of the fruit trees, a blade mature period to a senescence phase. The method for effectively preventing the fruit trees iron deficiency yellowtop is obvious in effects, obviously reduces occurrence rate of fruit trees yellowtop, enables the fruit trees in a 0-level etiolation degree to achieve 96-97% total amount of the fruit trees, and is obvious in the prevention effect of the fruit trees yellowtop in saline areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control fruit tree yellowtop high-efficiency prevention and control method, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Fruit tree yellowtop has another name called yellows or iron-deficient chlorosis is sick, it is the physiological disease caused owing to lacking ferro element, from the young leaflet tablet of young sprout, mesophyll first turns yellow, and vein keeps green, in green reticulate pattern, later stage, full leaf became yellow-white, and leaf green coke is withered, and last full leaf is withered, caducous, the death that whole strain finally can be caused to set, causes huge economic loss.This year, Chlorosis in Fruit trees phenomenon was very general, and degree is seriously more next, and the fruit tree be particularly planted in west, northern limy soil and coastal saline-alkali soil is particularly serious within the scope of China.The method that present stage prevents and treats yellowtop mainly contains several mode:
(1) soil application, namely ditches at fruit tree plant pit periphery or deep-cuts fertilising.Soil application needs a large amount of manpower to carry out ditching, applying fertilizer, and time-consumingly to take a lot of work and fertilizing amount is large, and investment is large, and yellowtop is mainly in varieties in saline-alkali areas, and basic soil makes fruit tree Root Absorption power reduce, and fertilization effect is poor.
(2) foliage fertilization, namely at fruit tree foliage-spray foliage fertilizer.Spray the effective way that foliage fertilizer is strong tree, disease-resistant, high yield, and method is simple, with fertile economical, successful, but because the human-subject test of peasant is not high, the foliage fertilizer of variable concentrations can not be used according to melt quality needed for fruit tree Different growth phases, fertilizer is caused not play one's part to the full, generally spray low concentration foliage fertilizer, blade absorptive amount is limited, does not have good effect.
The control fruit tree yellowtop method of prior art has following defect: (1) control efficiency is not obvious, and fruit tree yellow leaf disease incidence is higher; (2) efficiency is low, takes effect slow; (3) ferro element absorption efficiency is low, easily fertilizer damage occurs; (4) blindly use foliage fertilizer, fertilizer application frequency is many, lost labor, and effect is also bad; (5) method is loaded down with trivial details, and cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above deficiency, a kind of method of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop be provided, realize following goal of the invention:
(1) incidence of the yellow leaf disease of fruit tree is reduced;
(2) raise the efficiency, shorten responding time;
(3) improve the absorption efficiency of ferro element, reduce fertilizer damage incidence;
(4) improve the problem using foliage fertilizer blindness, reduce the number of times using foliage fertilizer, save work;
(5) simplify the operation course, reduce costs.
For achieving the above object, by the following technical solutions:
In fruit tree resting stage in spring, blade maturation to growth and development of fruit tree stages such as declining periods, needed for fruit tree, the ratio of ferro element is different, sprays the high concentration foliage fertilizer of different formulations, the generation of control fruit tree yellowtop;
It is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) high concentration foliage fertilizer is sprayed later rest in spring
Before fruit tree dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor that total concentration is 3-6%, formula is 0.5-3% urea, 1-3% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.1-0.5% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, 0.02-0.05% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 1-2 time, interval is 7-10 days.
(2) the blade maturing stage sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer for the first time
Spring fruit tree leaf stop growing to before bud sprouts again, spray the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor that total concentration is 0.6-1.5%, formula is 0.3-1% urea, 0.3-1% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.1-0.3% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, 0.01-0.03% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 1-2 time, interval is 7-10 days.
(3) secondary sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer the blade maturing stage
Before again sprouting to bud after fruit tree second time young sprout stops length, spray the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor that total concentration is 0.6-1.5%, 0.3-1% urea, 0.3-1% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.1-0.3% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, 0.01-0.03% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 1-2 time, interval is 7-10 days.
(4) the leaf senile phase sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer
Before defoliation of fruit trees, spray 4-8% foliage fertilizer mixed liquor, formula is 1-4% urea, 1-4% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.3-1% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, 0.02-0.05% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 2-3 time, interval time is 7-10 days.
The time spraying foliage fertilizer in above steps will avoid fine day and temperature higher time at noon, generally before fine day 10:00 in the morning and after afternoon 5:00 or the cloudy day; Spray at the mature leaf back side, high concentration fertilizer can not be used in young tender leaf face.
Chelate in foliage fertilizer in above steps, complex compound are mainly edetate, amino-acid salt, citrate etc.
The spreader-sticker added in foliage fertilizer mixed liquor in above steps, for neopelex, modification gather trisiloxanes for the organosilicon agricultural surfactant that main component is composite and come, new high fat film pulvis etc.
Spreader-sticker can increase the area coverage of foliage fertilizer on blade, can improve the adhesive ability of foliage fertilizer on blade and resistance to erosion ability, prevent fertilizer from assembling in a large number at a certain position simultaneously.
Fruit tree is when rudiment, young leaflet tablet and a large amount of consumption of tissue store nutrition, and root system has just recovered absorbing capacity, absorbs liquid manure indifferent, the nutrition needed for the growth of young sprout children tender leaf cannot be met, therefore spray the ferro element that foliage fertilizer supplements needed for fruit tree growth before rudiment very necessary.
Fruit tree young sprout stops long, after blade maturation, blade improves the tolerance of higher concentration foliage fertilizer, and now root system also enters slow vegetative period along with overground part stops progress, absorptivity declines, and now spraying foliage fertilizer can provide blade and its hetero-organization to regrow required ferro element.
Spray foliage fertilizer before fallen leaves, tree body stored nutrient can be increased, for growth in the coming year is laid a solid foundation.
The formula of the foliage fertilizer that the inventive method adopts comprises urea, spreader-sticker, vitamin PP and adjustment ph value, significantly can increase the absorption of iron.
Current fruit tree yellowtop mainly occurs in varieties in saline-alkali areas, and method of the present invention proves, to the particular significant effect of the fruit tree yellowtop on control saline land, yellowtop disease not to occur substantially through test.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the inventive method successful, the incidence of the yellow leaf disease of fruit tree obviously reduces, and yellowing is the 96-97% that the fruit tree of 0 grade can reach fruit tree total amount; Particularly remarkable in the effect of control varieties in saline-alkali areas fruit tree yellowtop;
(2) the inventive method efficiency is high, instant effect, and after using this method 3-7 days take effect; Invention increases the concentration spraying foliage fertilizer, absorption efficiency improves greatly, and usually spray foliage fertilizer concentration and be no more than 0.5%, blade absorption ratio is extremely low, is difficult to see positive effect.Under usual cognition, fruit tree sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer and can cause serious injury to tree body, and it is worthless for therefore spraying high concentration foliage fertilizer, and the present invention has broken this restriction.
(3) the inventive method, ferro element good absorbing, efficiency is high, fertilizer damage does not occur; Key of the present invention is also, the time of spraying is to declining period after dormant stage of fruit tree or blade maturation.Use high concentration foliage fertilizer, usual blade of easily burning, cause fertilizer damage, at dormant stage of fruit tree spray liquid leaven, can not come to harm through overtesting rear blade, blade maturation sprays foliage fertilizer up to declining period, and blade resistance to corrosion strengthens, can not to burn because of suitable high concentration blade, to cause fertilizer damage.Blade Mature Leaf is grown completely, and pore is many and large, and absorption foliage fertilizer efficiency is high, than tender leaf absorption efficiency height 50-200%.
(4) the inventive method is with strong points, uses the number of times of foliage fertilizer few, saves labor; Avoid the blindness using foliage fertilizer; The present invention is four different growing stages in fruit tree, and the iron ion preparation composite iron fertilizer needed for fruit tree, before changing, orchard worker blindly uses the situation of foliage fertilizer.
(5) add a small amount of zinc (consumption one is the 1/10-1/3 of iron) in formula of the present invention and to preventing and treating yellowtop, there is synergy, penetration enhancement with iron, raise the efficiency, and avoid single salt murder by poisoning phenomenon occurs.
(6) the inventive method is with fertile economical, simple, raw materials low price, and peasant generally can accept; The inventive method is the effective ways of the yellow leaf disease of control fruit tree, is applicable to spread.
specific embodiment mode
the method of embodiment 1 one kinds of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop
2008, in proving ground, development zone, strand, Weifang City, select raw red fuji apple 44 strain in 8 years, test according to this implementation method, if two process:
1, the inventive method is adopted to prevent and treat yellowtop:
(1) high concentration foliage fertilizer is sprayed later rest in spring
Before apple tree dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray containing 1% urea, 1.8% EDTA-Fe, 0.4% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid zinc, the neopelex of 0.01%, the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.03% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 5, continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 7 days.
(2) the blade maturing stage sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer for the first time
Long latter 30 days are stopped at Apple Leaves, spray containing 0.3% urea, 0.5% EDTA-Fe, 0.2% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid zinc, the neopelex of 0.005%, the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.02% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 5, and spray 2 times continuously, interval is 7 days.
(3) secondary sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer the blade maturing stage
After apple tree second time young sprout stops length, spray containing 0.3% urea, 0.5% EDTA-Fe, 0.2% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid zinc, the neopelex of 0.005%, the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.02% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 5, and continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 7 days.
(4) the leaf senile phase sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer
Before apple tree fallen leaves, spray containing 1% urea, 3% EDTA-Fe, 0.5% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid zinc, the neopelex of 0.01%, the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.04% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 5, and continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 10 days.
2, conventional method is adopted to prevent and treat yellowtop (control treatment):
After late April fruit tree generation yellowtop, spraying concentration is the ferrous sulfate of 0.25%, sprays second time again, drip on a small quantity be advisable when spraying with leaf after 10 days.
Classification is carried out according to the yellowing of fruit tree after process,
Namely 0 grade: proper tree;
1 grade: slight Pressure trunk injection tree, the sick tip accounts for about 25% of whole young sprout;
2 grades: moderate Pressure trunk injection is set, and the sick tip accounts for whole treetop about 50%.
Experimental result is:
Use method of the present invention: yellowing is that the fruit tree of 0 grade accounts for 96% of fruit tree sum; Yellowing is that the fruit tree of 1 grade accounts for 4% of fruit tree sum; Yellowing is the fruit tree of 2 grades is 0.
Use conventional method: yellowing is that the fruit tree of 0 grade accounts for 71% of fruit tree sum; Yellowing is that the fruit tree of 1 grade accounts for 16% of fruit tree sum; Yellowing is that the fruit tree of 2 grades accounts for 13% of fruit tree sum.
the method of embodiment 2 one kinds of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop
2008, in proving ground, development zone, strand, Weifang City, life in 6 years ' storehouse side is early raw ' peach 650 strain, test according to the present invention program, if two process:
1, the inventive method is adopted to prevent and treat yellowtop:
(1) high concentration foliage fertilizer is sprayed later rest in spring
Before peach dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray containing 1% urea, 2% amino acid chelated iron, 0.3% zinc-amino acid chelate, the neopelex of 0.02%, the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.03% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.7, and continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 7 days.
(2) the blade maturing stage sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer for the first time
Long latter 30 days are stopped at peach blade, spray containing 0.4% urea, 0.6% amino acid chelated iron, 0.2% zinc-amino acid chelate, the neopelex of 0.005%, the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.02% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.7, and spray 2 times continuously, interval is 7 days.
(3) secondary sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer the blade maturing stage
After peach second time young sprout stops length, spray containing 0.4% urea, 0.6% amino acid chelated iron, 0.2% zinc-amino acid chelate, the neopelex of 0.005%, the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.02% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.7, and continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 7 days.
(4) the leaf senile phase sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer
Before peach fallen leaves, spray containing 2% urea, 2.5% amino acid chelated iron, 0.4% zinc-amino acid chelate, the neopelex of 0.03%, the foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 0.04% vitamin PP, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.7, and continuous spraying 3 times, interval is 8 days.
2, conventional method is adopted to prevent and treat yellowtop (control treatment):
After late April fruit tree generation yellowtop, spraying concentration is the ferrous sulfate of 0.25%, sprays second time again, drip on a small quantity be advisable when spraying with leaf after 10 days.
Classification is carried out according to the yellowing of fruit tree after process,
Namely 0 grade: proper tree;
1 grade: slight Pressure trunk injection tree, the sick tip accounts for about 25% of whole young sprout;
2 grades: moderate Pressure trunk injection is set, and the sick tip accounts for whole treetop about 50%.
Experimental result is:
Use method of the present invention: yellowing is that the fruit tree of 0 grade accounts for 97% of fruit tree sum; Yellowing is that the fruit tree of 1 grade accounts for 3% of fruit tree sum; The fruit tree that yellowing is 2 grades is 0.
Use conventional method: yellowing is that the fruit tree of 0 grade accounts for 72% of fruit tree sum; Yellowing is that the fruit tree of 1 grade accounts for 16% of fruit tree sum; Yellowing is that the fruit tree of 2 grades accounts for 11.4% of fruit tree sum.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: spray high concentration foliage fertilizer later rest in spring, the blade maturing stage sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer for the first time.
2. the method for a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described later rest in spring sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer: before fruit tree dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray foliage fertilizer, the formula of the foliage fertilizer adopted is: 0.5-3% urea, 1-3% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.1-0.5% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, 0.02-0.05% vitamin PP, is 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value.
3. the method for a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described blade maturing stage sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer for the first time: spring fruit tree leaf stop growing to before bud is sprouted again and spray foliage fertilizer, the formula of the foliage fertilizer adopted is: 0.3-1% urea, 0.3-1% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.1-0.3% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, 0.01-0.03% vitamin PP, is 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value.
4. the method for a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described method also comprises blade maturing stage secondary and sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer: before again sprouting to bud after fruit tree second time young sprout stops length, spray foliage fertilizer, the formula of the foliage fertilizer adopted is: 0.3-1% urea, 0.3-1% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.1-0.3% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, 0.01-0.03% vitamin PP, is 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value.
5. the method for a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described method also comprises the leaf senile phase and sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer: before defoliation of fruit trees, spray foliage fertilizer, the formula of the foliage fertilizer adopted is: 1-4% urea, 1-4% chelated iron or Complexing Iron, 0.3-1% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, 0.02-0.05% vitamin PP, is 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value.
6. the method for a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 2-5, is characterized in that: the chelate in described foliage fertilizer, complex compound comprise edetate, amino-acid salt, citrate.
7. the method for a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 2-5, is characterized in that: the spreader-sticker in described foliage fertilizer is organosilicon agricultural surfactant or new high fat film pulvis.
8. the method for a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described organosilicon agricultural surfactant or new high fat film pulvis are: the compound that composition comprises neopelex, modification gathers trisiloxanes.
9. the method for a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the spraying of foliage fertilizer in described method: before fine day 10:00 in the morning, after afternoon 5:00 or the cloudy day time spray, spray at the mature leaf back side.
10. the method for a kind of high-efficiency prevention and control Chlorosis in Fruit trees yellowtop according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described later rest in spring sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer: the foliage fertilizer mixed liquid concentration sprayed is 3-6%, continuous spraying 1-2 time, and interval is 7-10 days;
The described blade maturing stage sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer for the first time: the foliage fertilizer mixed liquid concentration sprayed is 0.6-1.5%, continuous spraying 1-2 time, and interval is 7-10 days;
Described blade maturing stage secondary sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer: the foliage fertilizer mixed liquid concentration sprayed is 0.6-1.5%, continuous spraying 1-2 time, and interval is 7-10 days;
The described leaf senile phase sprays high concentration foliage fertilizer: the foliage fertilizer mixed liquid concentration sprayed is 4-8%, continuous spraying 2-3 time, and interval time is 7-10 days.
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| CN107698400A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-16 | 山东博华高效生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of compound iron supplementary and its preparation and application suitable for salt-soda soil |
| CN108440052A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-08-24 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of fertilizer and preparation, method of administration of biocontrol of mango seedling iron deficiency disease disease |
| CN108440139A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-08-24 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of resisting etiolation disease foliar fertilizer, method of administration and preparation method thereof |
| CN108811997A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-16 | 申琳 | A method of control fruit tree yellowing |
| CN110078553A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-02 | 山东农大腐植酸高效利用工程技术研发有限公司 | A kind of economic benefits and social benefits chelated iron boron foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating fruit tree yellowtop |
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| CN108811997A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-16 | 申琳 | A method of control fruit tree yellowing |
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| CN110078553A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-02 | 山东农大腐植酸高效利用工程技术研发有限公司 | A kind of economic benefits and social benefits chelated iron boron foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating fruit tree yellowtop |
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