CN113875512B - Method for preventing pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering - Google Patents
Method for preventing pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering Download PDFInfo
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- CN113875512B CN113875512B CN202111308025.4A CN202111308025A CN113875512B CN 113875512 B CN113875512 B CN 113875512B CN 202111308025 A CN202111308025 A CN 202111308025A CN 113875512 B CN113875512 B CN 113875512B
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- pineapple
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- overwintering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pineapple planting, and provides a method for preventing pineapples from blooming naturally after overwintering. According to the method, the pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 20 are selected, and the urea and the compound fertilizer are applied to the pineapple plants 20-30 days before the occurrence of the lowest local temperature, so that the problems of low flowering rate, irregular flowering and unequal fruit size caused by natural flowering of pineapple seedlings after wintering are solved, and particularly the problems of heart rot, fruit cracking, water feeding and low commodity rate caused by flowering and small fruit after wintering and fruit maturing in rainy seasons, greatly reduced economic benefit and the like are solved. By adopting the method, the pineapple can be prevented from naturally blooming after overwintering, so that artificial flower forcing is realized, the blooming rate and the uniformity of the pineapple are improved, the ripening period of the fruit is consistent, the commodity fruit rate is high, the time and the labor are saved, and the economic benefit is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pineapple planting, in particular to a method for preventing pineapples from blooming naturally after overwintering.
Background
When the pineapples are planted, because the planting period and the sizes of the seedlings are not selected, the seedlings are large and small during overwintering, and some pineapple seedlings can naturally bloom with the rise of the air temperature after overwintering, and the blooming time is different from before to after; some pineapple seedlings still grow vigorously and do not bloom. Therefore, the situations of flowering and non-flowering, early flowering and late flowering are formed, unified management cannot be realized, and the management difficulty is seriously increased. The fruit naturally blossoming after overwintering is in the mature period, which is just in rainy season, and the problems of serious heart rot, fruit cracking and water feeding of the fruit, low sweetness of the fruit, extremely low commodity fruit rate and the like easily occur to the fruit. At this time, strong vegetative growth of pineapple seedlings is kept by watering and fertilizing in winter until the temperature rises after overwintering, so that the pineapple seedlings grow more vigorously, and the phenomenon of natural flowering is greatly reduced or prevented.
At present, the method for preventing pineapple seedlings from blooming naturally after overwintering mainly comprises the following steps: 1. planting the young seedlings for about 4 months before overwintering; after the seedlings are planted, the stems are tender and cannot be converted into reproductive growth and can not naturally bloom after overwintering, but the requirements on the seedlings are high, the planting time is limited, the production period of the pineapples is prolonged, and the purpose of annual production and marketing of the pineapples cannot be achieved; 2. selecting varieties with low natural flowering rate, wherein the varieties with low natural flowering rate are not main varieties produced in the market; 3. the plant growth regulator can inhibit natural flowering, and the regulators such as silver nitrate and thiuram can inhibit natural flowering, but the operation is complicated, the times are many, and the toxicity is high. Therefore, the method for preventing the pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering is significant for improving the pineapple blooming rate and the pineapple fruit quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for preventing the pineapples from naturally blooming after overwintering, which has the advantages of high flowering rate, consistent fruit ripening period, high commodity fruit rate, time and labor saving, ecological fruit and remarkable economic benefit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preventing pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 20;
(2) Applying fertilizers to the pineapple plants 20-30 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, wherein the fertilizers comprise urea and compound fertilizers.
Preferably, the time for applying the fertilizer in the step (2) is between 14 and 16 pm.
Preferably, the number of fertilizer applications in step (2) is 2 to 4.
Preferably, the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer applications in step (2) is 7-15 days.
Preferably, the fertilizer application mode in the step (2) is leaf surface spraying and ground surface irrigation, the leaf surface spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 400-600 ml per plant.
Preferably, the effective component content of the urea in the step (2) is 45-48%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer in the step (2) is 15-25.
Preferably, the fertilizer in the step (2) is a mixed aqueous solution of urea and a compound fertilizer, and the mixed aqueous solution of urea and the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the urea, the compound fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 1-3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention solves the problems of low flowering rate, irregular flowering and unequal fruit sizes caused by natural flowering after the pineapple seedlings live through winter, and particularly solves the problems of fruit heart rot, fruit cracking and water feeding caused by flowering and fruit setting after the pineapple seedlings live through winter and positive fruit maturation period in rainy season, extremely low commodity fruit rate and greatly reduced economic benefit.
2. The method utilizes the fertilizer water treatment to ensure that the pineapple plants always keep stronger vegetative growth and prevent the pineapple plants from being converted into reproductive growth, and the flower forcing is carried out according to the time of the fruits appearing on the market, so that the flowering rate is ensured to be regular and consistent, the flowering rate is high, the mature period of the fruits is consistent, the commodity fruit rate is high, the time and the labor are saved, and the economic benefit is obvious.
3. Compared with other methods for preventing the pineapple from blooming naturally, the method can perform water and fertilizer treatment on the big and small pineapple seedlings planted at any period to prevent the pineapple from blooming naturally after wintering, and belongs to ecological prevention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preventing pineapples from naturally blooming after overwintering, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 20;
(2) Applying fertilizers to the pineapple plants 20-30 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, wherein the fertilizers comprise urea and compound fertilizers.
In the invention, the pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 20 are selected in the step (1), and the pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 22 are further preferred, the sensitivity of the pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 20 to natural flower forming factors is increased, and if the pineapple plants meet adverse factors such as low temperature and drought or plant growth regulators such as ethephon, flower formation can be stimulated; is more beneficial to the artificial control of the flowering time. The pineapple plants with the number of leaves being less than 20 cannot bloom no matter what kind of flowering stimulation is given to the pineapple plants, such as low temperature, ethephon, calcium carbide treatment and the like.
In the present invention, in the step (2), the fertilizer is applied to the pineapple plants 20 to 30 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, and more preferably, the fertilizer is applied to the pineapple plants 25 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature.
In the present invention, the time for applying the fertilizer in step (2) is preferably from 14 to 16 pm, more preferably from 14 to 15 pm.
In the present invention, the number of applications of the fertilizer in step (2) is preferably 2 to 4, and more preferably 3.
In the present invention, the time interval between two adjacent applications of the fertilizer in step (2) is preferably 7 to 15 days, and more preferably 13 days.
In the present invention, the mode of applying the fertilizer in step (2) is preferably foliar spray application and surface irrigation, the foliar spray application is preferably performed until the foliar spray application drops with leaf tip fertilizer water, and the application amount of the surface irrigation is preferably 400 to 600ml per plant, more preferably 450 to 550ml per plant, and still more preferably 500ml per plant.
In the present invention, the content of the effective component of urea in the step (2) is preferably 45 to 48%, and more preferably 46%.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of N, P, and K in the compound fertilizer in step (2) is preferably 15 to 25.
In the present invention, the fertilizer in step (2) is preferably a mixed aqueous solution of urea and a compound fertilizer, and the mixed aqueous solution of urea and a compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing urea, a compound fertilizer and water at a mass ratio of preferably 1 to 3.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The planting field in the following examples and comparative examples is Jinghong city, west Shuangbanna, yunnan province, the lowest temperature in winter is 6 ℃, and the pineapple variety in the following examples and comparative examples is Tinong No. 16 pineapple.
Example 1
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 20 leaves;
(2) The pineapple plants were fertilized 2 times in the first 20 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with a time interval of 7 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 14 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution prepared by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 45%), a compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of N, P and K is 15.
Example 2
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 22 leaves;
(2) Applying fertilizer to said pineapple plants 3 times in the first 25 days of local lowest temperature occurrence, with a time interval of 13 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 15 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution prepared by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 46%), a compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of N, P and K is 20.
Example 3
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 20 leaves;
(2) Applying fertilizer to the pineapple plants 4 times in the first 30 days of the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, wherein the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer applications is 15 days, and the time for applying the fertilizer is 16 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution prepared by mixing urea (with an effective component content of 48%), a compound fertilizer (with a mass ratio of N, P and K of 25 to 10) and water according to a mass ratio of 3.
Example 4
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 22 leaves;
(2) Applying fertilizer to the pineapple plants 4 times in the first 25 days of the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, wherein the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer applications is 7 days, and the time for applying fertilizer is 15 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution prepared by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 46%), a compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of N, P and K is 18.
Example 5
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 20 leaves;
(2) Applying fertilizer to the pineapple plants 3 times in the first 30 days of the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, wherein the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer applications is 13 days, and the time for applying the fertilizer is 15 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution prepared by mixing urea (with an effective component content of 48%), a compound fertilizer (with a mass ratio of N, P and K of 22 to 13) and water according to a mass ratio of 3.
Comparative example 1
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 16 leaves;
(2) The pineapple plants were fertilized 3 times in the first 15 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with a time interval of 16 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 13 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution prepared by mixing urea (the content of effective components is 50%), a compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of N, P and K is 13.
Comparative example 2
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 17 leaves;
(2) The pineapple plants were fertilized 4 times in the first 32 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with a time interval of 17 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 13 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution prepared by mixing urea (the content of effective components is 40%), a compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of N, P and K is 26 to 11) and water according to the mass ratio of 1.
Comparative example 3
(1) Selecting pineapple plants with 18 leaves;
(2) The pineapple plants were fertilized 2 times in the first 18 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with 18 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 13 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution prepared by mixing urea (the content of effective components is 50%), a compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of N, P and K is 12.
Comparative example 4
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 19 leaves;
(2) The pineapple plants were fertilized 3 times in the first 33 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with a time interval of 19 days between two adjacent applications of fertilizer, at 13 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution prepared by mixing urea (the content of effective components is 40%), a compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of N, P and K is 14.
Experimental example 1
The results of comparing examples 1 to 5 with comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different methods on the Natural flowering Rate of pineapple
As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the present invention can effectively control the natural flowering rate of pineapple to be less than 1% compared with the comparative example.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preventing pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting pineapple plants with 20 or 22 leaves;
(2) Applying a fertilizer to the pineapple plants 20-30 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, wherein the fertilizer comprises urea and a compound fertilizer;
the time for applying the fertilizer in the step (2) is 14-16 pm;
the frequency of applying the fertilizer in the step (2) is 2-4 times;
the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer applications in the step (2) is 7-15 days;
the mode of applying the fertilizer in the step (2) is leaf surface spraying and ground surface irrigation, the leaf surface spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 400-600 ml/plant.
2. The method for preventing the pineapple from flowering naturally after overwintering as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the effective component of the urea in the step (2) is 45-48%.
3. The method for preventing the pineapple from flowering naturally after overwintering according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer in the step (2) is 15-25.
4. The method for preventing the pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering according to claim 3, wherein the fertilizer in the step (2) is a mixed aqueous solution of urea and a compound fertilizer, and the mixed aqueous solution of urea and the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the urea, the compound fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 1-3.
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| CN115005026B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-02-07 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Comprehensive production method for preventing pineapple from being watered |
Citations (3)
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| CN103688802A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 广西大学 | Method for preventing pineapple blackheart through naphthylacetic acid |
| CN108541517A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-18 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | One kind preventing the fresh food free flowering method of pineapple |
| WO2019216302A1 (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-14 | 株式会社カネカ | Method for cultivating plants and coloring accelerator for grape berries |
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| JP3874198B2 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2007-01-31 | 進 荒木 | Flower bud differentiation inducer and flower bud differentiation induction method |
| CN103238455A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-08-14 | 常熟市佳盛农业科技发展有限公司 | Flowering time adjustment and control method for enabling peony to blossom in winter |
| CN109452059B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-11-03 | 浙江省柑桔研究所 | Method for reducing freeze injury of white sand loquats by using florescence regulation technology |
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Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103688802A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 广西大学 | Method for preventing pineapple blackheart through naphthylacetic acid |
| CN108541517A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-18 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | One kind preventing the fresh food free flowering method of pineapple |
| WO2019216302A1 (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-14 | 株式会社カネカ | Method for cultivating plants and coloring accelerator for grape berries |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 人工控制菠萝开花结果技术初探;林朝宗;《福建热作科技》;19870730(第03期);全文 * |
| 菠萝自然开花及其抑制技术;朱祝英等;《中国热带农业》;20121030;第75-76页 * |
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