CN111066600B - Method for improving anti-season natural fruit setting rate of ananas comosus - Google Patents
Method for improving anti-season natural fruit setting rate of ananas comosus Download PDFInfo
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- 241000234671 Ananas Species 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the out-of-season natural fruit setting rate of ananas comosus (custard.) custard, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: (1) preparing and applying flower strengthening fertilizer, (2) designing and using a spraying system of an orchard, and (3) performing fruit protection and fruit strengthening agricultural operation. The invention aims to solve the problems of small flower forming amount, poor flower quality, poor pollination and fructification, serious fruit drop in the young fruit period and the like caused by climate adversity encountered in the anti-season culture production of the custard apple, and greatly improves the natural fruit setting rate of the anti-season production of the custard apple by technical innovation means of improving the nutrient accumulation of the short cut branches, improving the microclimate environment of an orchard, avoiding excessive nutrient consumption of branch tips in the young fruit period and the like while improving the anti-season flower amount and flower quality and reducing the fruit drop rate in the young fruit period. The invention is simple and easy in operation technology, reduces the artificial pollination link, and provides a new technical method for the anti-season production of Guangxi pineapple sakyamuni.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation production, and particularly relates to a regulation cultivation method for fruit tree in a flower and fruit period.
Background
Annona atemoya Hort is the most economic tree species with larger cultivation value and development potential in Annona Annonaceae Annonae (Annonaceae) Annona, is suitable for being planted in tropical and subtropical regions, shows the trend of large-scale planting in the south and central regions of Guangxi at present, but the autumn fruits (positive fruits) produced by the Annona atemoya Hort easily have the phenomena of fruit cracking and mildew in the soft mature period after being picked, and often cause no commodity and edible value. In order to avoid the problem of fruit cracking after picking, the cultivation often implements the techniques of producing season adjustment and artificial pollination to produce anti-season winter fruits (the maturation time in Guangxi ranges from 12 months to 2 months in the next year), but the artificial self-pollination and the cross-pollination implemented in the current cultivation need a lot of manpower and material resources, and the problems of less flower formation, poor flower quality, failure of natural pollination or incomplete pollination and the like are caused by the unfavorable factors such as insufficient nutrients in plants or external environment and the like in the flowering period, thereby causing the phenomena of poor fruit setting or poor fruit development and the like, and the factors are not beneficial to the sustainable healthy development of the Guangxi Annona squamosa industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of small flower forming amount, poor flower quality, poor pollination and fructification, serious fruit drop in the young fruit period, large labor and material consumption for artificial pollination and the like in the anti-season cultivation of custard apple, the invention provides the method for improving the anti-season natural fruit setting rate of custard apple.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the out-of-season natural fruit setting rate of ananas comosus comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and applying a flower strengthening fertilizer: carrying out off-season flower promoting pruning on Guangxi ananas cusia from the bottom of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, timely coating strong flower fertilizer on the short cut branches after pruning, and coating 5ml of each short cut branch; the flower-strengthening fertilizer is a mixed nutrient solution containing 0.20-0.30% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.06-0.08% of boric acid and 0.01% of ferrous sulfate; after buds emerge from new shoots, the nutrient solution is sprayed on the whole tree for 1 time every 7 days, the dosage is 5L/plant each time, and the nutrient solution is continuously sprayed for 3 times;
(2) orchard spraying system design and use: the time for pollination of the off-season flowers of custard apple is generally centralized in 8-9 months, and at the moment, the climate environment is unfavorable for natural pollination and fertilization of custard apple in Guangxi high-temperature seasons. Therefore, a spraying, cooling and humidifying system is installed in the orchard every 667m2Uniformly distributing and installing 10-12 spraying upright column pipes, wherein the distance is 7.0-8.0 m, the height of each pipe is 2.5-3.0 m, the top end of each pipe is provided with a rotary spraying head, and the spraying diameter range is 6.0-7.0 m; 8-9 months, after the season stage of the off-season cushaw apple is stepped into the pollination period, when the temperature of the orchard reaches more than 30 ℃, a spraying system is started every afternoon, namely before pollen is mature, and water mist is sprayed for 2 hours, so that the temperature of the orchard is reduced to 26-29 ℃, and the humidity is kept at more than 80%;
the design and the use of the orchard spraying system are particularly important for the influence of the anti-season fruit setting rate of the custard, and the vitality of the pollen and the viscosity of pistil stigma of the custard flower of the custard can be greatly reduced in high-temperature weather, so that the self-flower bearing capacity is reduced. But with the assistance of facilities, the spraying system is added in the orchard to achieve the effect of promoting the regional cooling and humidifying, thereby greatly promoting the self-fertilization seed setting capability of the custard apple in the off-season.
(3) Fruit retention and strengthening agronomic operation: after natural pollination for 2-3 days, picking in timeControlling shoots by heart, removing young branches and leaves on fruit branches, and removing excessive young fruits more than two fruits to prevent a large amount of fruit drop caused by the continuous growth of young branch tips and excessive nutrient consumption during the development of most young fruits; meanwhile, spraying a fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer every 10 days by using an orchard spraying system, wherein the formula of the fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer comprises 0.3-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of fish protein organic fertilizer and 0.01% of difenoconazole, and continuously spraying for 3 times, wherein each time is 250-300L/667 m2After the fruits are stable, spraying the fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water-soluble fertilizer every 20 days for 2 times, wherein each time is 250-300L/667 m2。
Preferably, the effect of adding 10% of lime nitrogen and 0.002% of brassinolide into the flower-strengthening fertilizer in the step (1) is better, because monopotassium phosphate and boric acid play a role in promoting robust flowers, and the lime nitrogen and the brassinolide play a role in advancing and aligning flowers, the combined action can realize early flowering, the flowers are tidy and robust, and a foundation is laid for the uniformity of subsequent pollination.
Preferably, in the step (1), the end of the current year is cut short to 7 middle days after the end of the month, 2-3 buds are left on the cut short branch, and the new branch tip grown from the bud can flower and finally become a bearing branch.
Preferably, in the step (2), the pollination period is a period when the pollen is mature, namely, when the petals are lifted outwards and the anthers are easy to fall off.
Preferably, in the step (2), the pollen maturation time is from 18 to 21 in sunny days in the Guangxi province to 1 to 2 hours in the cloudy days.
In the step (3), excessive young fruits are removed and the excessive nutrients are prevented from being consumed by the growth of the branch tips by manually pinching and controlling the tips.
The fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer consists of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a fish protein organic fertilizer and trace difenoconazole, wherein the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a high-concentration chlorine-free potassium fertilizer, has high nutrient content, promotes fruit expansion, and improves the cold resistance and disease resistance of plants; the fish protein organic fertilizer is a nutrient fertilizer with comprehensive nutrients, the content of fish protein is more than or equal to 30 percent, the content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10 percent, the content of total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 6 percent (4-1-1), the pH value is 3-6, and the fish protein organic fertilizer also contains various medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, zinc, copper, boron, manganese, molybdenum and the like, has balanced nutrition, is most beneficial to the absorption and utilization of crops and promotes the growth of fruits. The added trace difenoconazole has the sterilization effect, reduces and avoids the influence of germs on fruits, and reduces the condition of fruit drop or poor fruit development.
The flower formation rate and the fruit setting rate of the plant growth are greatly related, and the fruit setting rate is inevitably low when the flower formation rate of the plant is low; however, when the flower formation rate is high, the fruit setting rate is not necessarily high, and only in a good pollination fertilization environment, the fruit setting rate is improved. Therefore, increasing the flower formation rate is a prerequisite basis for promoting fruit set percentage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the fact that Guangxi ananas comosus is smeared and sprayed with a self-made flower strengthening fertilizer in a non-natural flower growing season, the effects of promoting the growth of flowers, increasing the flower growing amount, strengthening flowers and the like can be achieved. The method can realize that the flowering rate reaches 100 percent and the abnormal flowering rate is controlled to be less than 5 percent, which lays a foundation and plays a decisive role in improving the anti-season natural fruit setting rate of the ananas comosus.
2. Aiming at the conditions that insufficient pollination and poor pollination are easily caused due to the adverse climatic environment in the anti-season pollination period of custard apple, the rainfall process is simulated by installing a spraying system in an orchard, the spraying key period is regulated and controlled, the cooling and humidifying effects are achieved, the pollen activity and the stigma viscosity of flowers are effectively improved, the pollen activity can reach more than 60 percent through the treatment of the method, and the key effect is achieved for improving the anti-season natural fruit setting rate of custard apple.
3. Aiming at the problem that a large amount of nutrients are urgently needed in the early development stage of the fruits of the custard apple, the young branches and leaves at the top ends of the fruit branches and the excessive young fruits are timely erased, the excessive consumption of nutrients of the branches and the stems can be blocked, the nutrients needed by the development of the young fruits can be ensured, and the guarantee effect is achieved for improving the anti-season natural fruit setting rate of the custard apple.
4. The method is simple and easy to implement, greatly improves the out-of-season natural fruit setting rate which reaches 52.6 percent, solves the problems of low flower yield, poor flower quality, weak fertilization and fruit setting capability, serious fruit drop in the young fruit period and the like caused by excessive nutrient consumption or adverse climatic environment during the out-of-season production of the custard's apple, provides a new technical method for the out-of-season fruit production of the custard's apple in the south and the middle of Guangxi, and has good application prospect.
5. The invention utilizes the natural growth rule of the custard apple to adjust, achieves the purpose of improving the out-of-season natural fruit setting rate, and simultaneously reduces the cost of artificial supplementary pollination required by the traditional method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the shape of a mature flower of custard apple pollen;
FIG. 2 is the natural fruit setting of Pachytrid after pollination for 40 days.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below by way of examples to make the advantages and features of the present invention more comprehensible, it being understood that the following examples are only preferred versions of the present invention and are not limiting of the present invention.
Example 1:
screening of flower-strengthening fertilizer
The test is mainly implemented in the area of the Reseiulus county in Chonglev city in Guangxi, and the test scheme mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and applying a flower strengthening fertilizer: 30 parts of flower-strengthening fertilizer (mixed nutrient solution) are prepared in total, and the mixture ratio is shown in Table 1. After the ananas comosus anti-season flower-promoting pruning is carried out (the Guangxi ananas comosus is subjected to the anti-season flower-promoting pruning at the bottom of 6 months, 2-3 buds are reserved on the current-year-old branch tips for short-cut, the branch tips growing on the short-cut branches can grow into flowers), immediately coating strong flower fertilizer mixed nutrient solution with different mixture components on the short-cut branches, and coating 5ml of strong flower fertilizer mixed nutrient solution on each short-cut branch; selecting plants with consistent growth vigor, wherein each 3 plants are a cell, and after budding, spraying the mixed nutrient solution on the whole tree for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the dosage is 5L each time, and continuously spraying for 3 times. The flower formation rate, the abnormal flower formation rate, the number of flowers formed per shoot, and the weight of flowers were examined for each treatment and recorded in table 1.
(2) Fruit retention and strengthening agronomic operation: the anti-season regulated flower pollination period of Guangxi custard apple is concentrated in 8-9 months, after the custard apple is naturally pollinated for 2-3 days, the fruit branches which are successfully fertilized and fructified are subjected to pinching treatment, 20 fruit branches are investigated in each treatment, the treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the natural fruit setting rate is recorded after 30 days, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different mixed nutrient solution treatments on off-season flower formation and fruit setting of Annona squamosa
The test results show that: after 30 different medicaments are used for treatment, the anti-season flower formation condition of Guangxi ananas comosus is integrated, and the comprehensive performance of indexes such as the flower formation rate, the abnormal flower formation rate, the single-branch flower formation number, the single-flower weight, the natural fruit setting rate and the like of plants treated by the nutrient solution (0.20-0.30% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.06-0.08% of boric acid and 0.01% of ferrous sulfate) is found to be superior to those treated by other medicaments.
The natural fruit setting rate is (number of short branches capable of setting fruit in natural state divided by total number of short branches trimmed in out-of-season) x 100%
Example 2:
orchard spraying condition screening
The test is mainly implemented in the area of the Reseiulus county in Chonglev city in Guangxi, and the test scheme mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and applying a flower strengthening fertilizer: carrying out off-season flower promoting pruning on Guangxi ananas cusis in the last 6 th ten days, cutting off 2-3 buds of the aged branches in the current year, and enabling the branches grown on the short cut branches to grow into flowers. Immediately smearing strong flower fertilizer (mixed nutrient solution of 0.30% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.06% of boric acid and 0.01% of ferrous sulfate) on the braches after pruning, and smearing 5ml of fertilizer on each brache; selecting plants with consistent growth vigor, wherein each 5 plants are a cell, and after buds appear on new shoots, spraying the mixed nutrient solution on the whole tree every 7 days for 1 time, wherein the dosage is 5L/plant each time, and continuously spraying for 3 times.
(2) Orchard spraying system design and use: the season of flower pollination adjusted by the Guangxi custard apple in an out-of-season mode is mostly concentrated in 8-9 months, and the season is positive in Guangxi high temperature, and the climate environment at the moment is not favorable for natural fertilization and fructification of custard apple. The test is implemented in clear weather, a spraying cooling and humidifying system is installed in an orchard, and 10 spraying upright pipes are uniformly distributed in a ratio of 667m2The distance is 8.0m, the height of the pipe is 3.0m, the top end of the pipe is provided with a rotary spray header, the spray diameter is about 7.0m, different time periods are selected to simulate rainfall (shown in table 2), the spray is carried out for 2 hours each time, and the test is repeated for 3 times.
(3) Fruit retention and strengthening agronomic operation: after natural pollination of the custard apple for 2-3 days, pinching treatment is carried out on the bearing branches which are fertilized successfully, 20 bearing branches are investigated in each treatment, the treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the natural fruit setting rate is recorded after 30 days, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the Activity of Cotex Galangae anti-season pollen, stigma stickiness and Natural fruit set Rate
The test results show that: spraying water mist at high altitude in two time periods of 14: 00-16: 00 and 16: 00-18: 00 of the off-season flower pollination period of the custard apple to promote the effects of cooling and humidifying the orchard, and effectively improving the pollen activity and the stigma viscosity of the off-season flower of the custard apple so as to promote the improvement of the natural fruit setting rate of the off-season flower.
Example 3:
screening for fruit retention and strengthening
The test is mainly implemented in the area of the Reseiulus county in Chonglev city in Guangxi, and the test scheme mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and applying a flower strengthening fertilizer: carrying out off-season flower promoting pruning on Guangxi ananas cusis in the last 6 th ten days, cutting off 2-3 buds of the aged branches in the current year, and enabling the branches grown on the short cut branches to grow into flowers. Immediately smearing strong flower fertilizer (mixed nutrient solution of 0.30% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.06% of boric acid and 0.01% of ferrous sulfate) on the braches after pruning, and smearing 5ml of fertilizer on each brache; selecting plants with consistent growth vigor, wherein each 5 plants are a cell, and after buds appear on new shoots, spraying the mixed nutrient solution on the whole tree every 7 days for 1 time, wherein the dosage is 5L/plant each time, and continuously spraying for 3 times.
(2) Orchard spraying system design and use: a spraying cooling and humidifying system is arranged in the orchard, and each 667m of the spraying cooling and humidifying system210 spraying upright column pipes are uniformly distributed, the distance between every two spraying upright column pipes is about 8.0m, the height of each spraying upright column pipe is 3.0m, a rotary spraying head is arranged at the top end of each spraying upright column pipe, and the diameter range of spraying is about 7.0 m; 8-9 months, after the anti-season custard apple is stepped into the pollination period, when the temperature of the orchard reaches more than 30 ℃, a spraying system is started at 16: 00-18: 00 pm before pollen is mature (the mature period of custard apple pollen, namely the period that petals are separated and lifted outwards and anthers are easy to fall off, as shown in figure 1; the mature period of pollen is that sunny weather is concentrated at 18-21 nights and cloudy weather is 1-2 hours earlier), water mist is sprayed for 2 hours, the temperature of the orchard is reduced to below 29 ℃, and the humidity is kept at more than 80%;
(3) fruit retention and strengthening agronomic operation: and after pollination is carried out for 2-3 days, pinching and non-pinching treatment are respectively carried out on the bearing branches which are fertilized and fructified successfully, 20 bearing branches are investigated in each treatment, and the treatment is repeated for 3 times.
Treatment 1: and (3) pinching, picking off young branches and leaves without photosynthetic function on bearing branches and excess fruits growing over 2 young fruits, blocking excessive nutrients consumed by the growth and development of the young branches and excessive young fruits in time, ensuring nutrients required by the growth and development of the young fruits and reducing fruit drop caused by insufficient nutrients.
And (3) treatment 2: the core is not picked, and the bearing branches are not processed.
And simultaneously spraying a fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water-soluble fertilizer and clear water for comparison treatment by using an orchard spraying system every 10 days: 250L/667m each time2After the fruits are ensured to be stable, spraying a fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water-soluble fertilizer and clear water for contrast treatment every 20 days, and continuously spraying for 2 times, wherein each time is 250L/667m2. The fruit drop and fruit growth of each treatment were investigated after 30 days of treatment.
And (3) treatment: spraying a fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the formula comprises the following components: 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 percent of fish protein organic fertilizer and 0.01 percent of difenoconazole.
And (4) treatment: and (5) clear water control.
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on fruit development and fruit drop
As can be seen from Table 3, the results of the respective treatments were investigated 30 days after the treatments to show that:
1. two comparison treatments of pinching and non-pinching are carried out on the fruit branches, the fruit drop rate of the pinching treatment is 10-11.7% lower than that of the pinching treatment without pinching, and the fruit expansion amplitude is 0.20-0.24 cm higher.
2. Under the same fruit branch treatment condition, the fruit drop rate of the sprayed fruit-retention and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer is 5-6.7% lower than that of the sprayed water, and the fruit expansion amplitude is 0.06-0.10 cm higher than that of the sprayed water.
3. Test data shows that the conditions of off-season fruit hanging of ananas comosus is better when bearing branches are subjected to core picking and the water soluble fertilizer for protecting and strengthening fruits is sprayed, and the fruit dropping rate is only 3.3%.
Example 4:
the test is mainly implemented in the area of the Reseiulus county in Chonglev city in Guangxi, and the test scheme mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and applying a flower strengthening fertilizer: carrying out off-season flower promoting pruning on Guangxi ananas cusis in the last 6 th ten days, cutting off 2-3 buds of the aged branches in the current year, and enabling the branches grown on the short cut branches to grow into flowers. After pruning, immediately smearing strong flower fertilizer (the mixture ratio of (0.20-0.30% of monopotassium phosphate + 0.06-0.08% of boric acid + 0.01% of ferrous sulfate)) on the braches, and smearing 5ml of fertilizer on each brache; selecting plants with consistent growth vigor, wherein each 5 plants are a cell, and after buds appear on new shoots, spraying the mixed nutrient solution on the whole tree every 7 days for 1 time, wherein the dosage is 5L/plant each time, and continuously spraying for 3 times. The flower formation rate and the abnormal flower formation rate of each treatment were recorded as shown in table 4.
(2) Orchard spraying system design and use: a spraying cooling and humidifying system is arranged in the orchard, and each 667m of the spraying cooling and humidifying system2Evenly distributed 10 spraying upright column pipes at intervalsThe height of the pipe is about 8.0m, the height of the pipe is 3.0m, a rotary spray header is arranged at the top end of the pipe, and the diameter range of the spray header is about 7.0 m; 8-9 months, after the anti-season custard apple is stepped into the pollination period, when the temperature of the orchard reaches more than 30 ℃, a spraying system is started at 14: 00-18: 00 before pollen is mature (the mature period of custard apple pollen, namely the period that petals are separated and lifted outwards and anthers are easy to fall off, as shown in figure 1) in the afternoon every day, wherein the mature period of the pollen is that sunny weather is concentrated at 18-21 nights, and cloudy weather is 1-2 hours earlier), water mist is sprayed for 2 hours, so that the temperature of the orchard is reduced to below 29 ℃, and the humidity is kept at more than 80%;
(3) fruit retention and strengthening agronomic operation: after pollination is carried out for 2-3 days, pinching is carried out on fruit branches which are successfully fertilized and fructified, young branches and leaves which do not have a photosynthetic function on the fruit branches and excess fruits which grow more than 2 young fruits are removed, excessive nutrients consumed by the growth and development of young branches and excessive young fruits are blocked in time, nutrients required by the growth and development of the young fruits are ensured, and the fruit drop phenomenon caused by insufficient nutrients is reduced. Simultaneously spraying fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer (formula: 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1% of fish protein organic fertilizer and 0.01% of difenoconazole.) every 10 days by using an orchard spraying system, wherein each time, the amount of the water soluble fertilizer is 250L/667m2After the fruits are ensured to be stable, spraying the fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water-soluble fertilizer every 20 days for 2 times, wherein each time is 250L/667m2. The natural fruit set of each treatment was investigated 30 days after treatment, as shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of different optimized combinations on anti-season flower formation and fruit setting of custard apple
As can be seen from Table 4, the method of the present invention can effectively improve the anti-season natural fruit set rate of custard apple custard, and as shown in Table 4, the natural fruit set rate can reach more than 47.9%.
Example 5:
the method for improving the anti-season natural fruit setting rate of ananas comosus in the region of Longzhou county in Chongo city in Guangxi mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and applying a flower strengthening fertilizer: carrying out off-season flower promoting pruning on Guangxi ananas cusis in the middle 7 th of the month, cutting off 2-3 buds of the aged branches in the current year, and enabling the branches grown on the short cut branches to grow into flowers. Immediately smearing strong flower fertilizer (mixed nutrient solution, the mixture ratio is shown in table 4) on the short branches after pruning, and smearing 5ml of fertilizer on each short branch; selecting plants with consistent growth vigor, wherein each 5 plants are a cell (A, B, C, D), and after young shoots bud, spraying the mixed nutrient solution on the whole tree for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the dosage of each time is 5L per plant, and continuously spraying for 3 times; the flowering rate, the rate of abnormal flowers, the number of single-branch flowers, the weight of single flowers and the mid-flowering period after cutting were investigated for each treatment.
TABLE 5 influence of mixed nutrient solution treatment with different formulas on anti-season flower formation of Annona squamosa
As can be seen from Table 5: the 10% lime nitrogen and 0.002% brassinolide are added into the mixed nutrient solution, so that the occurrence of abnormal flowers is reduced, the growth of the flowers is promoted, the number and the weight of single flowers are improved slightly, and the flowering and gathering period can be advanced by 3-6 days.
(2) Orchard spraying system design and use: a spraying cooling and humidifying system is arranged in the orchard, and each 667m of the spraying cooling and humidifying system210 spraying upright column pipes are uniformly distributed, the distance between every two spraying upright column pipes is about 8.0m, the height of each spraying upright column pipe is 2.5m, a rotary spraying head is arranged at the top end of each spraying upright column pipe, and the diameter range of spraying is about 6.0 m; 8-9 months, after the anti-season custard apple is stepped into the pollination period, when the temperature of the orchard reaches more than 30 ℃, a spraying system is started at 14: 00-18: 00 before pollen is mature (the mature period of custard apple pollen, namely the period that petals are separated and lifted outwards and anthers are easy to fall off, as shown in figure 1) in the afternoon every day, wherein the mature period of the pollen is that sunny weather is concentrated at 18-21 nights, and cloudy weather is 1-2 hours earlier), water mist is sprayed for 2 hours, so that the temperature of the orchard is reduced to about 27 ℃, and the humidity is kept at more than 80%;
(3) fruit retention and strengthening agronomic operation: after natural pollination for 2-3 days, in timePicking off the core and controlling the tip, picking off the young branches and leaves on the bearing branches, and removing the redundant young fruits more than two fruits so as to prevent the phenomenon of massive fruit drop caused by the continuous growth of the young branches and the excessive nutrient consumption in the development of most young fruits; simultaneously spraying fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer every 10 days by using an orchard spraying system, wherein the formula of the fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer comprises 0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% of fish protein organic fertilizer and 0.01% of difenoconazole, and each time is 300L/667m2After the fruits are ensured to be stable, spraying the fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water-soluble fertilizer every 20 days for 2 times, wherein each time is 300L/667m2. The fruit drop and fruit growth of each treatment were investigated after 40 days of treatment. As shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 Effect of different treatments on fruit development and fruit drop
From the table 6, in the early stage of the off-season fruit setting of custard apple, fruit drop in the early stage of the fruit setting can be effectively reduced and the fruit expanding and growing speed can be greatly promoted by pinching the fruit branches and spraying the fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer (0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% of fish protein organic fertilizer and 0.01% of difenoconazole).
Example 6:
the method for improving the anti-season natural fruit setting rate of ananas comosus in the region of Longzhou county in Chongo city in Guangxi mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and applying a flower strengthening fertilizer: carrying out off-season flower promoting pruning on Guangxi ananas cusis in the middle 7 th of the month, cutting off 2-3 buds of the aged branches in the current year, and enabling the branches grown on the short cut branches to grow into flowers. After pruning, smearing strong flower fertilizer (mixed nutrient solution: 0.20-0.30% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.06-0.08% of boric acid, 0.01% of ferrous sulfate mixed solution, 10% of lime nitrogen and 0.002% of brassinolide) on the braches in time, smearing 5ml of each brache; after buds appear on young shoots, the mixed nutrient solution is sprayed on the whole tree for 1 time every 7 days, the dosage is 5L/plant each time, the mixed nutrient solution is continuously sprayed for 3 times, and the flower forming condition is recorded.
(2) Orchard spraying system design and use:a spraying cooling and humidifying system is arranged in the orchard, and each 667m of the spraying cooling and humidifying system210 spraying upright column pipes are uniformly distributed, the distance between every two spraying upright column pipes is about 8.0m, the height of each spraying upright column pipe is 2.5m, a rotary spraying head is arranged at the top end of each spraying upright column pipe, and the diameter range of spraying is about 6.0 m; 8-9 months, after the season stage of the off-season cushaw apple is stepped into the pollination period, when the temperature of the orchard reaches more than 30 ℃, a spraying system is started at 14: 00-18: 00 pm every day before pollen is mature, water mist is sprayed for 2 hours, the temperature of the orchard is reduced to below 29 ℃, and the humidity is kept at more than 80%;
(3) fruit retention and strengthening agronomic operation: after natural pollination is carried out for 2-3 days, timely pinching and controlling tips, picking off young branches and leaves on fruit branches, and removing excessive young fruits more than two fruits so as to prevent a large amount of fruit drop phenomena caused by continuous growth of young branch tips and excessive nutrient consumption during development of most young fruits; simultaneously spraying fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer (0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% of fish protein organic fertilizer and 0.01% of difenoconazole) by using an orchard spraying system every 10 days, wherein 300L/667m of water soluble fertilizer is sprayed every time2After the fruits are ensured to be stable, spraying the fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water-soluble fertilizer every 20 days for 2 times, wherein each time is 300L/667m2. The fruit set was recorded for each treatment after 40 days of treatment as reported in table 7 and shown in figure 2.
TABLE 7 influence of different optimized combinations on anti-season flower formation and fruit setting of custard apple
From table 7, it can be seen that: after the series of treatments of flower strengthening fertilizer treatment, water mist spraying, pinching and fruit protecting and strengthening water soluble fertilizer spraying, the natural fruit setting rate of the custard apple can reach more than 52.6 percent and is improved by more than 73.3 percent compared with the conventional cultivation, which shows that the method can effectively reduce the occurrence of the anti-season abnormal flower of the custard apple and improve the natural fruit setting rate.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the anti-season natural fruit setting rate of ananas comosus, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and applying a flower strengthening fertilizer: carrying out off-season flower promoting pruning on Guangxi ananas cusia from the bottom of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, timely coating strong flower fertilizer on the short cut branches after pruning, and coating 5ml of each short cut branch; the flower-strengthening fertilizer is a mixed nutrient solution containing 0.20-0.30% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.06-0.08% of boric acid and 0.01% of ferrous sulfate; after buds emerge from new shoots, the mixed nutrient solution is sprayed on the whole tree for 1 time every 7 days, the dosage is 5L/plant each time, and the mixed nutrient solution is continuously sprayed for 3 times;
(2) orchard spraying system design and use: a spraying cooling and humidifying system is arranged in the orchard, and each 667m of the spraying cooling and humidifying system210-12 spraying upright column pipes are uniformly distributed, the distance is 7.0-8.0 m, the height of each spraying upright column pipe is 2.5-3.0 m, a rotary spraying head is arranged at the top end of each spraying upright column pipe, and the spraying diameter range is 6.0-7.0 m; the pollination period of the general Guangxi pineapple custard-apple anti-season production is 8-9 months, when the temperature of an orchard reaches more than 30 ℃, a spraying system needs to be started every afternoon, namely before pollen is mature, water mist is sprayed for 2 hours, the temperature of the orchard is reduced to 26-29 ℃, and the humidity is kept at more than 80%;
(3) fruit retention and strengthening agronomic operation: after natural pollination is carried out for 2-3 days, timely pinching and controlling tips, picking off young branches and leaves on bearing branches, and removing redundant young fruits more than two fruits so as to prevent a large amount of fruit drop phenomena caused by continuous growth of young branch tips and excessive nutrient consumption during development of most young fruits; meanwhile, spraying a fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer every 10 days by using an orchard spraying system, wherein the formula of the fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water soluble fertilizer comprises 0.3-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of fish protein organic fertilizer and 0.01% of difenoconazole, and each time is 250-300L/667 m2After the fruits are stable, spraying the fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening water-soluble fertilizer every 20 days for 2 times, wherein each time is 250-300L/667 m2。
2. The method for increasing the out-of-season natural fruit set rate of ananas comosus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mixed nutrient solution in the step (1) also comprises 10% of lime nitrogen and 0.002% of brassinolide.
3. The method for increasing the out-of-season natural fruit set rate of ananas comosus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (2) carrying out anti-season flowering promoting pruning in the step (1), namely, reserving 2-3 buds of the current-year-old branch tips for carrying out short-cut, wherein the branch tips grown on the short-cut branches can grow flowers.
4. The method for increasing the out-of-season natural fruit set rate of ananas comosus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pollination period in the step (2) is the mature period of the ananas comosus pollen, namely the period that the petals are lifted outwards and the anthers are easy to fall off.
5. The method for increasing the out-of-season natural fruit set rate of ananas comosus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pollen maturation time in the step (2) is from 18 nights to 21 nights in sunny days, and 1-2 hours in advance in cloudy days.
6. The method for increasing the out-of-season natural fruit set rate of ananas comosus according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spraying time in the step (2) is selected from 14: 00-18: 00.
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Application publication date: 20200428 Assignee: Yangshuo Qixianfeng Tea Industry Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046031 Denomination of invention: A Method to Improve the Natural Fruit Setting Rate of Pineapple Shakya in Reverse Season Granted publication date: 20211109 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20200428 Assignee: Yangshuo Yulong River Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046028 Denomination of invention: A Method to Improve the Natural Fruit Setting Rate of Pineapple Shakya in Reverse Season Granted publication date: 20211109 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20200428 Assignee: Guizhu Jinju Professional Cooperative in Baisha Town, Yangshuo County Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046026 Denomination of invention: A Method to Improve the Natural Fruit Setting Rate of Pineapple Shakya in Reverse Season Granted publication date: 20211109 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20200428 Assignee: Guangxi Nanning Yuancheng Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046024 Denomination of invention: A Method to Improve the Natural Fruit Setting Rate of Pineapple Shakya in Reverse Season Granted publication date: 20211109 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |