CN113170693B - Pruning method for regulating and controlling production period of guavas - Google Patents
Pruning method for regulating and controlling production period of guavas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pruning method for regulating and controlling the production period of guavas, which comprises four times of pruning, namely pruning a south crown for the first time and reserving a north crown; when 3-5 parts of the newly-extracted branch base of the first-trimmed southern tree crown turn green to the leaf, trimming the northern tree crown; when the newly extracted fruiting branches of the first-time trimmed south crown blossoms and fruit, trimming the fruiting branches and the nutritional branches without fruits of the south crown; when newly-extracted fruiting branches of the northern tree crowns subjected to the second pruning blossom and bear fruits, pruning the fruiting branches and the non-fruiting nutrition branches of the northern tree crowns; through the four times of pruning, one fruit tree blooms and fruits four times per year, and four batches of fruits are collected. The pruning method disclosed by the invention can balance the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the guava fruiting tree, regulate and control the fruit yield of different batches, stagger the ripening and marketing time of the guava fruits, improve the yield and the quality, and further improve the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a fruit tree pruning method.
Background
Guava (Psidium guajaua L.) also known as Barbie, citrus changii, california koenigii, etc., belongs to Psidium guajava of Myrtaceae, is native to Mexico, peru, brazil, etc. in tropical America, and is mainly distributed in Taiwan, fujian, guangdong, guangxi, hainan, yunnan, sichuan, etc. The guava fruit is fresh, sweet and juicy, has aromatic smell, is rich in multiple nutritional ingredients and mineral elements such as Vc, va, folic acid, amino acid, calcium, iron and the like, and bioactive substances such as pectin, tannin, alkaloid, triterpenes, saponin, carotenoid and the like, and has the effects of resisting oxidation, bacteria, diarrhea, blood sugar, blood pressure, mutagenesis, tumors and the like.
Guava has the habit of flowering and bearing fruits for multiple times in one year, flowering and bearing fruits in different periods, different growth and development time of fruits and different mature fruit qualities. Under the influence of the supply and demand relationship of the market, the guava fruits which are ripe and come into the market at different periods have far different prices. In the method, guava producing areas in Fujian province belong to subtropical marine monsoon climate, under the natural state, two guavas are in a more concentrated flowering period of one year, the first flowering time is 4-5 months, the fruit ripening time is 7-8 months, and the fruits in the guavas are called positive fruits; the second batch of fruits has the flowering time of 9-10 months and the fruit ripening time of 2-3 months in the next year, and the batch of fruits is called counter-fruiting. The guava has high positive fruiting yield, poor quality and low market price; the method has the advantages of low yield, good quality and high market price of the counter-fruiting, namely, the economic benefit of guava production is low due to low yield and price, high price and low yield. At present, in order to stagger the mature time of the guava fruits to appear on the market and improve the economic benefit in production, two production modes of producing two-season fruits in one year and three-season fruits in one year are adopted, and the two production modes can properly stagger the mature time of the guava fruits to appear on the market, so that the yield is improved, the quality is improved, and the economic benefit is improved. However, in both production modes, the whole tree crown is retracted and trimmed once after fruit picking in spring, so that the premature senility or overgrowth of plants is easily caused due to excessive trimming amount at one time, and the continuous development of guava production is not facilitated. Therefore, a novel pruning method for regulating the production period of the guavas is developed, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the guavas are balanced, the fruit ripening and marketing time of the guavas is regulated, the yield is increased, the quality is improved, and the method has important significance for improving the production of the guavas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pruning method for regulating and controlling the production period of guavas, aiming at the problems in the production of the guavas in the prior art, the pruning method can balance the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of guavas bearing trees, regulate and control the fruit yield of different batches, stagger the ripening and marketing time of the guavas, improve the yield and improve the quality, thereby improving the economic benefit.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a pruning method for regulating and controlling the guava delivery period comprises four pruning steps, wherein:
1) First pruning: bisecting the crown into south and north sides by a vertical section passing through the middle point of the crown, trimming the crown on the south side, and reserving the crown on the north side to provide nutrition for the root system and the germinated young sprout of the trimmed crown on the south side;
2) And (3) second trimming: when the base parts of newly-extracted branches of the south crown after the first pruning turn green to the blades by 3-5, pruning the north crown, wherein the green-turned shoots of the south crown provide nutrition for roots and germinated shoots of the north crown;
3) And (3) trimming for the third time: when the newly extracted bearing branches of the south crown after the first pruning blossom and bear fruits, pruning the bearing branches and the nutritional branches without bearing fruits of the south crown to promote the second growth, blossom and bear fruits of the pruned branches;
4) Fourth pruning: when the newly-extracted bearing branches of the northern tree crowns after the second pruning blossom and bear fruits, pruning the bearing branches and the nutritional branches which do not bear fruits of the northern tree crowns to promote the second growth, blossom and bear fruits of the pruned branches;
in the first trimming and the second trimming, the trimming method includes: retracting and trimming the upper part of the crown, and controlling the height of the trimmed crown within 1.3 m; cutting upright branches with a spread angle less than 45 degrees at the lower part of a crown, keeping intermediate branches with the spread angle more than or equal to 45 degrees and the thickness of 1-2 cm, cutting the upright branches into short branches serving as fruiting mother branches, and keeping 40-50 evenly distributed fruiting mother branches for each tree after each pruning; thinning branches with the thickness less than 1 cm in the tree crowns are thinned and cut; then, after the fruiting mother branches germinate young shoots, according to the size of a growth space, 1-2 young shoots with opening angles larger than or equal to 45 degrees and medieval growth vigor are reserved for each fruiting mother branch and are cultured into fruiting branches or nutrition branches, after each pruning, the total number of the fruiting branches or the nutrition branches is reserved for each tree and is 80-100 branches, and redundant young shoots are removed in time, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and meanwhile, ventilation and illumination are facilitated;
in the third trimming and the fourth trimming, a trimming method includes: 2-3 pairs of leaf truncations are reserved above the fruiting nodes of the bearing branches, 3-5 pairs of leaf truncations are reserved on the nutrition branches without bearing fruits, and the germination of new shoots and the second flowering and fruiting are promoted; then, after the truncated fruiting branches or vegetative branches sprout new shoots, selecting 1-2 branches with opening angles larger than or equal to 45 degrees and medium-grade new shoots according to the size of a growth space for each branch, culturing the new shoots into second fruiting branches or vegetative branches, and after each pruning, keeping the total number of the second fruiting branches or vegetative branches of 100-120 branches for each tree;
through the four times of pruning, one fruit tree blooms and fruits four times per year, and four batches of fruits are collected.
Further, the pruning method is carried out by selecting the fruit trees growing for more than 3 years.
Further, the first pruning is performed at 5 months per year, the second pruning is performed at 6 months per year, the third pruning is performed at 8 months per year, and the fourth pruning is performed at 9 months per year.
Preferably, after each pruning, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied once, and after the fertilizer is applied, the water management is enhanced, so that the bud and the young shoot growth of the pruned branches are promoted.
Preferably, after the shoots are pruned and fixed, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once to promote the green turning of new shoots of bearing branches and the growth and development of flower buds.
Preferably, only 2 fruits are left in each bearing branch, 80-100 fruits are left in each batch in each bearing tree, and redundant fruits are removed in time, so that nutrient consumption is reduced, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are balanced, the yield of each batch of fruits is regulated and controlled, and the quality is improved.
Preferably, bagging is started 55-75 days after the flowers fall off in each batch of fruits, so that on one hand, the harm of bactrocera dorsalis is prevented, and on the other hand, the growth and development of the fruits are promoted; after each batch of fruits are bagged, the high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied once, so that the fruit quality is improved.
Preferably, after fruits are picked in 4 months every year, organic bacterial manure and trace element manure are applied once to improve soil, supplement organic matters and mineral nutrients and culture healthy trees, so that a foundation is laid for annual growth, flowering and fruiting.
Some of the terms referred to in the present invention are defined as follows:
the opening angle refers to an included angle formed between the branch and the central trunk (vertical to the ground).
The medium-sized branch refers to a branch with moderate growth vigor, which is not too strong or too thin and weak.
A new shoot (also called a "young shoot") refers to a new shoot growing from a bud.
And (3) trimming and branch fixing, namely selectively trimming young shoots and adjusting the density of retained branches to ensure that the young shoots are uniformly distributed and grow uniformly. The method specifically refers to the operation that after the fruiting mother branches (or fruiting branches and vegetative branches) sprout new shoots, 1-2 branch opening angles of each fruiting mother branch (or fruiting branches and vegetative branches) are larger than or equal to 45 degrees, the long shoots grow moderately, and redundant new shoots are erased.
The equipment, reagents, processes, parameters and the like related to the invention are conventional equipment, reagents, processes, parameters and the like except for special description, and no embodiment is needed.
All ranges recited herein are inclusive of all point values within the range.
The terms "about", "about" or "about" and the like in the present invention mean within ± 20% of the stated range or value, unless otherwise specified.
Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
(1) Alternatively trimming two sides of the crown in stages, staggering and prolonging the fruit ripening and marketing time
Compared with the method for pruning the whole crown in one time by retraction after fruit picking in spring which is commonly adopted in the prior production, the pruning method divides the crown into the south and north after fruit picking in spring, prunes the crown in the south and leaves firstly, and keeps the crown in the north to provide nutrition for root growth and sprout of the new tip of the trimmed crown in the south; and trimming the tree crowns at the north side after the young shoots of the tree crowns at the south side turn green, wherein the young shoots of the tree crowns at the south side which turn green provide nutrition for root growth and young shoots of the trimmed tree crowns at the north side to germinate. The pruning method can effectively balance the growth of the roots of the young shoots on the upper part and the lower part of the tree body, and overcomes the phenomena of tree body weakness, young shoot overgrowth and the like caused by one-time retraction pruning of the whole tree crown. In addition, the two sides of the crown of the pruning method are respectively pruned twice all year round, one fruit tree blooms and fruits four times all year round, the fruit harvesting is four times, the fruit ripening and marketing time is effectively staggered, one or two batches of fruits are harvested one year more than the pruning method adopted in the current production, and the fruit harvesting period is increased by 1-2 months.
(2) Culturing intermediate mother branch, regulating yield and improving quality
After each pruning, selecting and reserving a new shoot with a opening angle of more than or equal to 45 degrees and moderate growth vigor to be cultured into bearing branches, reserving only 2 fruits for each bearing branch, and reserving 80-100 fruits for each fruit tree in each batch. Compared with the pruning method adopted in the current production, the annual single plant yield can be improved by more than 20 percent, the yield of each batch is balanced, the fruit size is medium, and the soluble solid content is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a first crop (southern crown retraction crop) in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a second crop (northern crown retraction crop) in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a third crop (southern crown crop) in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a fourth pruning (northern crown sprout cutback) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example 1
The implementation time is as follows: 2018 to 2020.
The implementation place is as follows: guava garden in the agricultural departments of Zhangzhou city, chaoyang province, longwen district, zhangzhou city, fujian province
The pruning method for regulating and controlling the production period of the guavas comprises the following steps:
(1) Alternatively trimming two sides of crown in stages
In the fruit trees grown for more than 3 years, the crown is divided into two parts of south and north by a vertical section passing through the middle point of the crown, the crown on two sides is pruned in stages, in 5 months, the crown on the south side is pruned firstly (the first pruning), and the crown on the north side is reserved for providing nutrition for a root system and the pruned crown on the south side for sprouting and young sprout. After 1 month, when the base parts of newly-extracted branches of the south crown turn green for 3-5, trimming the north crown (the second trimming), and providing nutrition for the root system and the sprouting young sprout of the north crown by the green young sprout. Approximately 70 days after the first pruning of the south crown, after the newly-extracted bearing branches blossom and bear fruits, pruning the south crown bearing branches and the nutrient branches which do not bear fruits (the third pruning) to promote the second growth, blossom and bear fruits of the pruned branches. Similarly, approximately 65 days after the first pruning of the northern tree crown, after the newly-extracted bearing branches blossom and bear fruits, pruning the bearing branches and the nutrient branches which do not bear fruits (the fourth pruning) to promote the second growth, blossom and bearing fruits of the pruned branches. As shown in fig. 1-4. Through the four times of pruning, one fruit tree blooms and fruits four times per year, and four batches of fruits are harvested.
(2) Pruning time and method
The first pruning in month 5 and the second pruning in month 6 are: firstly, retracting and trimming the upper crown, and controlling the height of the trimmed crown within 1.3 m; secondly, thinning and shearing upright branches with an opening angle less than 45 degrees at the lower part of the crown, reserving intermediate branches with an opening angle more than or equal to 45 degrees and a thickness of 1-2 cm, and properly cutting the intermediate branches to obtain fruiting mother branches; and finally, thinning branches with the thickness less than 1 cm and too dense inside the crown are thinned and sheared. 40-50 fruiting mother branches with uniform distribution are reserved for the first south crown pruning and the second north crown pruning. Third pruning in month 8 and fourth pruning in month 9: 2 pairs of leaf cutoffs are reserved on the bearing nodes of bearing branches; 3-5 pairs of short sections are reserved on the vegetative branches without bearing fruits, and the germination of new shoots and the second flowering and fruiting are promoted.
(3) Cultivation of medium bearing branches
About 20 days after the first pruning and the second pruning, each bearing mother branch can sprout 2-4 new shoots, 2 shoots with an opening angle larger than or equal to 45 degrees are reserved for each bearing mother branch according to the size of a growth space, the grown new shoots are cultured into bearing branches or nutrition branches, the number of the bearing branches or nutrition branches is 80-100, redundant new shoots are erased in time, the nutrient consumption is reduced, and ventilation and illumination are facilitated. And (3) selecting 1-2 branches with opening angles larger than or equal to 45 degrees and medium-sized young shoots from each branch according to the growth space after about 15 days of the third pruning and the fourth pruning, and culturing the branches into second bearing branches or nutrient branches with the number of 100-120 branches. Applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer after each pruning, and enhancing water management after applying the fertilizer to promote the bud and the young shoot growth of the pruned branches; after each time of tip trimming and branch fixing, spraying leaf fertilizer once to promote the green tip of bearing branch and the growth of flower bud.
(4) Regulating yield and improving quality
Approximately 50 days after each pruning, newly-extracted branches start to bloom and bear fruits, 2-6 fruits can be borne by each bearing branch with good growth, the yield of fruits in each batch is regulated and controlled in order to balance vegetative growth and reproductive growth, the quality is improved, only 2 fruits are borne by each bearing branch, redundant fruits are timely removed, the nutrient consumption is reduced, and 80-100 fruits are borne by each bearing tree in each batch. Bagging is started about 65 days after the flowers of each batch of fruits are withered, so that the harm of bactrocera dorsalis is prevented, and the growth and development of the fruits are promoted. After each batch of fruits are bagged, the high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied once, so that the fruit quality is improved. In addition, after fruits are picked in 4 months every year, organic bacterial manure and trace element manure are applied once, soil is improved, organic matters and mineral nutrients are supplemented, healthy trees are cultured, and a foundation is laid for annual growth, flowering and fruit bearing.
The test results of this example are shown in table 1.
Table 1 test results of example 1
Example 2
The implementation time is as follows: 2018-2020.
The implementation site is as follows: fujian province-Changtai county green-fortune family farm
The trimming method of the present example was performed with reference to example 1. The test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 test results of example 2
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A pruning method for regulating and controlling the production period of guavas is characterized in that: including four trimmings, wherein:
1) First pruning: trimming the south crown and reserving the north crown;
2) And (3) second trimming: when 3-5 parts of the newly-extracted branch base of the first-trimmed southern tree crown turn green to the leaf, trimming the northern tree crown;
3) And (3) trimming for the third time: when newly-extracted fruiting branches of the first-time trimmed southern tree crowns blossom and bear fruits, trimming fruiting branches and non-bearing vegetative branches of the southern tree crowns;
4) Fourth pruning: when newly-extracted fruiting branches of the northern tree crowns subjected to the second pruning blossom and bear fruits, pruning the fruiting branches and the non-fruiting nutrition branches of the northern tree crowns;
in the first trimming and the second trimming, the trimming method includes: retracting and trimming the upper part of the crown, and controlling the height of the trimmed crown within 1.3 m; cutting upright branches with an opening angle smaller than 45 degrees at the lower part of a crown, keeping middle branches with the opening angle larger than or equal to 45 degrees and the thickness of 1-2 cm, cutting the upright branches to be used as fruiting mother branches, and keeping 40-50 evenly distributed fruiting mother branches for each tree after each trimming; thinning branches with the thickness less than 1 cm in the crown are thinned and sheared; then, after the fruiting mother branches sprout new shoots, each fruiting mother branch is reserved with 1-2 branches with opening angles larger than or equal to 45 degrees and growing young shoots, the young shoots are cultured to be fruiting branches or nutrition branches, and after each pruning, the total number of the fruiting branches or the nutrition branches of each tree is reserved to be 80-100 branches;
in the third trimming and the fourth trimming, a trimming method includes: 2-3 pairs of leaf truncations are reserved above the bearing nodes of bearing branches, and 3-5 pairs of leaf truncations are reserved on nutrient branches without bearing fruits; and then, after the chopped branches sprout new shoots, selecting 1-2 branches of each branch with opening angles larger than or equal to 45 degrees and medieval new shoots for cultivation as second fruiting branches or nutrition branches, and after each pruning, keeping the total number of the second fruiting branches or nutrition branches of each tree to be 100-120 branches.
2. The pruning method for regulating and controlling the guava delivery period according to claim 1, wherein: the pruning method is carried out by selecting fruit trees growing for more than 3 years.
3. The pruning method for regulating and controlling the production period of guavas according to claim 1, wherein: the first crop is performed at 5 months per year, the second crop is performed at 6 months per year, the third crop is performed at 8 months per year, and the fourth crop is performed at 9 months per year.
4. The pruning method for regulating and controlling the production period of guavas according to claim 1, wherein: after each pruning, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied, and the water management is enhanced after the fertilizer is applied.
5. The pruning method for regulating and controlling the production period of guavas according to claim 1, wherein: after each tip and branch trimming, applying the leaf fertilizer.
6. The pruning method for regulating and controlling the guava delivery period according to claim 1, wherein: only 2 fruits are reserved in each bearing branch, and 80-100 fruits are reserved in each fruit tree in each batch.
7. The pruning method for regulating and controlling the production period of guavas according to claim 1, wherein: each batch of fruits begin to be bagged 55-75 days after the flower withering.
8. The pruning method for regulating and controlling the production period of guavas according to claim 1, wherein: after each batch of fruits are bagged, high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied.
9. The pruning method for regulating and controlling the guava delivery period according to claim 1, wherein: after fruit picking in 4 months every year, applying organic bacterial manure and trace element manure.
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| SU899002A1 (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1982-01-23 | Северо-Кавказский зональный научно-исследовательский институт садоводства и виноградарства | Method of cultivating meadow garden |
| RU2102863C1 (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1998-01-27 | Ханашхо Жанситович Балкаров | Method for shaping of fruit tree crown |
| CN106069258B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2019-05-10 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of tangerine shaddock branch group pruning method that next year rotation result and branch group update |
| CN106857174A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-20 | 广西最鲜农业科技有限公司 | 1 year three season vendage implantation methods |
| CN107691011A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-16 | 东兰县旺达板栗茶油种植专业合作社 | The pruning method of Chinese chestnut bearing-age tree |
| CN110150005B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2022-04-01 | 盐城市双鹏农业科技发展有限公司 | High-quality winter jujube facility cultivation method |
| CN108812004A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-16 | 迁西县五为生物科技有限公司 | Three alternation renewal pruning methods of Chinese chestnut tree |
| CN109076869A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-25 | 龙胜县隆升农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry |
| CN110558140B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-06-11 | 赵玉亮 | Chinese chestnut rejuvenation pruning method capable of controlling large pipe and small pipe to be alternately updated |
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