CN111165206A - Method for controlling tips and promoting flowers of osmanthus-flavored litchi - Google Patents
Method for controlling tips and promoting flowers of osmanthus-flavored litchi Download PDFInfo
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- CN111165206A CN111165206A CN202010068559.3A CN202010068559A CN111165206A CN 111165206 A CN111165206 A CN 111165206A CN 202010068559 A CN202010068559 A CN 202010068559A CN 111165206 A CN111165206 A CN 111165206A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling tips and promoting flowers of osmanthus-flavored litchi. In the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots appear at the axilla of the leaf, the main branch is cut in a closed and annular way for 1 circle, the depth reaches xylem, and simultaneously, 20000-50000 times of oxyfluorfen is used for spraying the tree crown. By utilizing the method provided by the invention, enough nutrition is accumulated to enter flower bud physiological differentiation after the late autumn tip is aged; and the method can also avoid the phenomenon that flower bud morphological differentiation is inverted when meeting high-temperature weather, the flower bud does not grow, and only the leaf bud grows and is drawn out. The method for controlling the shoot and promoting the flowering of the osmanthus-flavored litchi can increase the flowering rate, make the flower spike develop robustly, effectively increase the yield and income, and avoid the appearance of the litchi in the year of production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of litchi culture, and particularly relates to a method for controlling tips and promoting blossoming of osmanthus-flavored litchi.
Background
The osmanthus-flavored litchi is one of litchi varieties, is named after osmanthus-flavored, is also named as cassia twig and greenish, is a high-quality medium-ripened variety, and is also an important export commodity fruit. After the litchi is aged in the last autumn tip, the nutrition accumulation is enough to enter the physiological differentiation of flower buds, and the terminal buds need to sprout after the physiological differentiation is completed and the inflorescence is really formed, namely white spots need to be seen after the litchi is cold; when the physiological differentiation of flower buds is not sufficient, the top buds sprouting next spring can directly extract new tips, so that the tips are flushed; because the litchi flower bud is a mixed bud (simultaneously has the phenomenon of original bodies of the flower bud and the leaf bud), even if white spots appear, if abnormal weather occurs, the temperature is high, and the vegetative growth is too vigorous, the flower bud does not grow, and only the leaf bud grows and a spring tip is extracted, so the flower bud inversion is called.
After 2018, the history of harvest, the year 2019, Guangdong litchi, will go through a small year. The yield of the litchi in Guangdong province is greatly reduced by about 40 percent. Wherein the yield reduction range of the osmanthus-flavored variety reaches nine grades, and the yield reduction of the litchi in the Zhujianyang production area exceeds six grades.
The great reduction of the yield of the litchis causes the reduction of the litchis on the market, the price is greatly increased, the purchase demand of consumers cannot be met, and meanwhile, the economic benefit of the litchis growers is also seriously influenced.
The great reduction of the production of the litchi in this year (2019) is caused by a plurality of reasons, wherein one important reason is that the average temperature in the month 1 of this year is 1.6 ℃ higher than the same period of the year, and the average temperature in the month 2 is 18.5 ℃ higher than the same period of the year by 3.3 ℃. The temperature is not favorable for the trees to be in a dormant state, and the litchi trees cannot well accumulate nutrients for flower bud differentiation. However, litchi is a tall tree planted outdoors, the temperature of the growing environment is difficult to change artificially, and the reduction of the yield of the litchi caused by the higher motivation temperature is not avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of small flower bud differentiation amount caused by high temperature during litchi flower bud morphological differentiation in the prior art, and provides a method for controlling tips and promoting flower formation of osmanthus-flavored litchi.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for promoting flower formation of osmanthus-flavored litchi.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for controlling tips and promoting flowers of the osmanthus-flavored litchi.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention claims a method for promoting flower growth of osmanthus-flavored litchi, which is characterized in that in the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots are seen at axilla, 1 circle of closed girdling is annularly cut on a main branch to reach xylem, and simultaneously 20000-50000 times of oxyfluorfen is sprayed on a tree crown.
The method can effectively avoid insufficient flower bud differentiation caused by too high temperature of litchi in the winter or in the big and small years of bearing, so as to avoid the yield reduction of the litchi,
Preferably, the crown spray is carried out with 30000 times of oxyfluorfen.
For litchi, controlling shoot means controlling the sprouting of winter shoot and the growth of late autumn shoot, i.e. no vegetative growth in the flower bud differentiation period; the flower promoting means promoting the vigorous growth of autumn shoots, accumulating enough nutrients, ensuring the smooth differentiation of flower buds and drawing out flower spikes as required. In order to achieve the purpose, a series of cultivation management measures are implemented to control tips and promote flowers after litchi fruits are picked so as to achieve the purpose of increasing both production and income.
Therefore, the invention also claims a method for controlling tips and promoting flowers of the osmanthus-flavored litchi, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1.9, in the middle ten days of the month, spraying pesticide to the litchi orchard; then pruning is carried out to ensure that the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting; after pruning, applying fertilizer, wherein each plant is applied with 1.5-2.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 1-2 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5-1.5 kg of potassium chloride in terms of 50kg of fruit trees;
s2.11 in the middle ten days of the first month, after the autumn tips are aged, 1000-3000 times of uniconazole and 500-1000 times of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed, after 15-20 days of spraying, girdling is carried out on the trunk or main branches, 1 circle of girdling is carried out in a closed-mouth girdling mode, the depth reaches just to the xylem, the wood is peeled without damaging, and the width is 2.5-3.5 mm.
S3, promoting flower growth according to the method of claim 1;
and S4.3, in the middle and last ten days of the month, 5 to 8 days before the first batch of male flowers are opened, and spraying the crown by using 2000 to 3500 times of 20 percent of phenytoin and 500 to 1500 times of monopotassium phosphate.
Preferably, in step S1, each plant is applied with 2kg of compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 1kg of potassium chloride;
preferably, in step S2, uniconazole 2000 times and monopotassium phosphate 800 times are sprayed
Preferably, in step S4, crown spraying is performed with 20% phenytoin 3000 times + oxyfluorfen 40000 times + monopotassium phosphate 1000 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by using the method for controlling the shoot and promoting the flowering of the osmanthus-flavored litchi, the sufficient nutrition can be accumulated to enter the physiological differentiation of flower buds after the final autumn shoot is aged, and the flower bud morphological differentiation is prevented from being inverted when the flower buds meet high-temperature weather. The method for controlling the shoot and promoting the flowering of the osmanthus-flavored litchi can make the spica grow vigorously on the basis of increasing flower bud differentiation, effectively increase the yield and income, and avoid the appearance of the litchi in the year of production.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail in the following description and specific examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The test methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
Example 1 method for promoting flower formation of osmanthus-flavored litchi
In the late middle ten of 1 month, when white spots appear at the axilla, the main branches are annularly cut for 1 circle by using an annular cutter, the opening of the main branches reaches the xylem deeply, and the crown is sprayed by 20000 times of oxyfluorfen.
Example 2 flower promoting method for osmanthus-flavored litchi
In the late middle ten of 1 month, when white spots appear at the axilla, the main branches are girdled for 1 circle by a girdling knife to reach the xylem, and the tree crowns are sprayed by 30000 times of oxyfluorfen.
Example 3 flower promoting method for osmanthus-flavored litchi
In the late middle ten of 1 month, when white spots appear at the axilla, the main branches are girdled for 1 circle by a girdling knife to reach the xylem, and the tree crowns are sprayed by 50000 times of oxyfluorfen.
Comparative example 1
In the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots are seen at the axilla of the leaf, the main branch is only cut for 1 circle by a girdling knife and the cut is cut to the xylem,
comparative example 2
In the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots appear at the axilla, the crown is sprayed by only 30000 times of oxyfluorfen.
Comparative example 3
In the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots are seen at the axilla of the leaf, no treatment is performed.
Application example 1
Selecting the osmanthus-flavored litchi trees with consistent growth vigor. The treatment was carried out according to the methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 (otherwise the treatment methods were identical), each treatment was carried out for 3 trees, and the flowering rate of each tree was counted in 3 months. Counting the number of mother branches, the number of terminal autumn tips and the number of terminal autumn tips of flowering on 8 bearing branch groups in the middle east, south, west and north around the crown by calculating the flowering branch rate and the leaf-bearing flower spike rate; the flowering branch rate is the number of branches forming flowers/fruiting mother branches, and the rate of spica with leaves is the number of spica with leaves/number of branches forming flowers. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
| flowering rate (%) | Percentage of spica with leaf (%) | |
| Example 1 | 54.78 | 9.52 |
| Example 2 | 85.00 | 4.90 |
| Example 3 | 70.34 | 78.31 |
| Comparative example 1 | 49.06 | 69.23 |
| Comparative example 2 | 38.05 | 90.70 |
| Comparative example 3 | 12.20 | 86.67 |
The result shows that when the axilla of the leaf is seen with 'white spots', the main branch is cut in a closed loop for 1 circle and reaches the xylem deeply, meanwhile, oxyfluorfen is sprayed, the flowering branch forming rate can be improved, when the oxyfluorfen is 30000 times, the effect is best, the flowering branch forming rate is as high as 85%, and the flower spike with the leaf is less; when the oxyfluorfen is 20000 times, a small amount of buds wither and grow into spring shoots when the buds grow again; when the oxyfluorfen is 50000 times, the flowering branch forming rate is 70.34%, but the flower spike with leaves is more.
Example 4 method for controlling shoot and promoting blossom of osmanthus-flavored litchi
S1.9, in the middle ten days of the month, spraying pesticide to the litchi orchard; then pruning is carried out, dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches and the like are pruned, so that the tree body is ventilated and transparent; after pruning, applying fertilizer, wherein each plant is applied with 2kg of compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 1kg of potassium chloride in terms of 50kg of fruit trees;
s2.11, in the middle ten days of the first month, after the autumn tips are aged, 2000 times of uniconazole and 800 times of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed, after 15-20 days of spraying, girdling is carried out on the trunk or the main branches, 1 circle of girdling is carried out in a closed-mouth girdling mode, the depth reaches just to the xylem, the skin is peeled without damaging the wood, and the width is 3 mm.
S3, in the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots are seen at the axilla of the leaf, the main branch is cut in a closed and annular way for 1 circle, the depth reaches the xylem, and the tree crown is sprayed by 30000 times of oxyfluorfen.
S4.3, in the middle and last ten days of the month, 5-8 days before the first batch of male flowers are opened, and 20% of phenytoin 3000 times, oxyfluorfen 40000 times and monopotassium phosphate 1000 times are used for spraying the tree crowns.
Example 5 method for controlling shoot and promoting blossom of osmanthus-flavored litchi
S1.9, in the middle ten days of the month, spraying pesticide to the litchi orchard; then pruning is carried out, dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches and the like are pruned, so that the tree body is ventilated and transparent; after pruning, applying fertilizer, wherein each plant is applied with 1.5kg of compound fertilizer, 1kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of potassium chloride in terms of 50kg of fruit trees;
s2.11 in the middle ten days of the first month, after the autumn tips are aged, 1000 times of uniconazole and 500 times of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed, after 15-20 days of spraying, girdling is carried out on the trunk or the main branches, 1 circle of girdling is carried out in a closed-mouth girdling mode, the depth reaches just to the xylem, the xylem is peeled without damaging the wood, and the width is 2.5-3.5 mm.
S3, in the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots are seen at the axilla of the leaf, the main branch is cut in a closed and annular way for 1 circle, the depth reaches the xylem, and simultaneously, 20000 times of oxyfluorfen is used for spraying the tree crown. (ii) a
S4.3, in the middle and last ten days of the month, 5-8 days before the first batch of male flowers are opened, and 20% of phenytoin 2000 times, oxyfluorfen 30000 times and monopotassium phosphate 500 times are used for spraying the tree crowns.
Example 6 tip control and flower promotion method for osmanthus-flavored litchi
S1.9, in the middle ten days of the month, spraying pesticide to the litchi orchard; then pruning is carried out, dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches and the like are pruned, so that the tree body is ventilated and transparent; after pruning, fertilizing, and applying 2.5kg of compound fertilizer, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 1.5kg of potassium chloride to each plant based on 50kg of the tree body with fruits;
s2.11 in the middle late of the month, after the autumn tips are aged, 3000 times of uniconazole and 1000 times of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed, after 15-20 days of spraying, girdling is carried out on the trunk or the main branches, 1 circle of girdling is carried out in a closed-mouth girdling manner, the depth reaches just to the xylem, the wood is peeled without damaging, and the width is 2.5-3.5 mm.
S3, in the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots appear at the axilla of the leaf, the main branch is cut in a closed and annular way for 1 circle, the depth reaches the xylem, and meanwhile, 50000 times of oxyfluorfen is used for spraying the crown. (ii) a
And S4.3, spraying the crown with 20% of phenytoin 3500 times, oxyfluorfen 60000 times and monopotassium phosphate 1500 times in the middle and last ten days of the first batch of male flowers 5-8 days before the first batch of male flowers are opened.
Comparative example 4 tip control and flower promoting method for osmanthus-flavored litchi
S1.9, in the middle ten days of the month, spraying pesticide to the litchi orchard; then pruning is carried out, dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches and the like are pruned, so that the tree body is ventilated and transparent; after pruning, applying fertilizer, wherein each plant is applied with 2kg of compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 1kg of potassium chloride in terms of 50kg of fruit trees;
s2.11, in the middle ten days of the first month, after the autumn tips are aged, 2000 times of uniconazole and 800 times of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed, after 15-20 days of spraying, girdling is carried out on the trunk or the main branches, 1 circle of girdling is carried out in a closed-mouth girdling mode, the depth reaches just to the xylem, the skin is peeled without damaging the wood, and the width is 3 mm.
S3, in the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots are seen at the axilla of the leaf, the main branch is cut in a closed and annular way for 1 circle, the depth reaches the xylem, and the tree crown is sprayed by 30000 times of oxyfluorfen.
Application example 2
Selecting the osmanthus-flavored litchi trees with consistent growth vigor. The treatments were carried out according to the methods described in examples 4 to 6 and comparative example 4 (otherwise the treatment methods were identical), each treating 3 trees. Randomly selecting 10 flower spikes for each tree, recording the fruit setting number of each spike after the first physiological fruit drop, and counting the yield when the fruit is mature.
| Initial fruit hanging number (number) | |
| Example 4 | 26.83 |
| Example 5 | 23.07 |
| Example 6 | 21.90 |
| Comparative example 4 | 18.87 |
The result shows that crown spraying is carried out 5-8 days before the first batch of male flowers bloom by using 20% of phenytoin 2000-3500 times, oxyfluorfen 30000-60000 times and monopotassium phosphate 500-1000 times. Can obviously make the flower spike robust and improve the initial fruiting amount.
In the middle and late ten days of 1 month, when white spots appear at the axilla of the leaves, the branches are closed and cut for 1 circle, the wood part is deeply reached, and meanwhile, 20000-50000 times of oxyfluorfen is used for spraying the tree crowns, so that the flowering branch rate of the osmanthus-flavored litchi can be obviously improved, and the yield is improved.
Especially when white spots are seen at the axils of the leaves, the main branches are cut in a closed loop for 1 circle to reach the xylem, and the tree crowns are sprayed by 30000 times of oxyfluorfen; 5-8 days before the first batch of male flowers are opened, 20% of phenytoin 3000 times, oxyfluorfen 40000 times and monopotassium phosphate 1000 times are used for spraying the tree crowns, and the effect is most obvious.
Claims (6)
1. The method for promoting flower growth of the osmanthus-flavored litchi is characterized in that when white spots are seen at the axilla in the middle and last ten days of 1 month, 1 circle of closed girdling is annularly cut on the main branch to reach the xylem, and the crown is sprayed with 20000-50000 times of oxyfluorfen.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying of the tree crown is carried out with 30000 times of oxyfluorfen.
3. A method for controlling tips and promoting flowering of osmanthus-flavored litchi is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1.9, in the middle ten days of the month, spraying pesticide to the litchi orchard; then pruning is carried out to ensure that the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting; after pruning, applying fertilizer, wherein each plant is applied with 1.5-2.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 1-2 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5-1.5 kg of potassium chloride in terms of 50kg of fruit trees;
s2.11 in the middle ten days of the first month, after the autumn tips are aged, 1000-3000 times of uniconazole and 500-1000 times of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed, after 15-20 days of spraying, girdling is carried out on the trunk or main branches, 1 circle of girdling is carried out in a closed-mouth girdling mode, the depth reaches just to the xylem, the wood is peeled without damaging, and the width is 2.5-3.5 mm.
S3, promoting flower growth according to the method of claim 1;
s4.3, in the middle and last ten days of the month, 5-8 days before the first batch of male flowers are opened, and spraying the crown with 20% of phenytoin 2000-3500 times, oxyfluorfen 30000-60000 times and monopotassium phosphate 500-1500 times.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein 2kg of compound fertilizer + 1.5kg of calcium superphosphate + 1kg of potassium chloride are applied to each plant in step S1.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, in step S2, uniconazole is sprayed 2000 times + monopotassium phosphate is sprayed 800 times.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein in step S4, crown spraying is performed with 20% phenytoin 3000 times + oxyfluorfen 40000 times + monopotassium phosphate 1000 times.
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| CN114080948A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-25 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Method for dwarfing and flower promoting of eucalyptus urophylla |
| CN114793735A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-29 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for shortening fruit ripening period of Feizixiao litchi |
| CN114793735B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-09-05 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for shortening maturation period of Feizixiao litchi fruits |
| CN114736063A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-12 | 华南农业大学 | Preparation and application of flower promoting foliar fertilizer special for litchi |
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