CN114736063A - Preparation and application of flower promoting foliar fertilizer special for litchi - Google Patents
Preparation and application of flower promoting foliar fertilizer special for litchi Download PDFInfo
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- CN114736063A CN114736063A CN202210501112.XA CN202210501112A CN114736063A CN 114736063 A CN114736063 A CN 114736063A CN 202210501112 A CN202210501112 A CN 202210501112A CN 114736063 A CN114736063 A CN 114736063A
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- litchi
- foliar fertilizer
- flower
- salt
- calcium
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241001629511 Litchi Species 0.000 title claims abstract 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 230000004883 flower formation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical group [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LEZAYTDLNNEFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosasodium octaborate tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] LEZAYTDLNNEFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical group [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- NVTRPRFAWJGJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA monocalcium salt Chemical group [Ca+2].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O NVTRPRFAWJGJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000030212 nutrition disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000019180 nutritional disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000183278 Nephelium litchi Species 0.000 description 68
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 41
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 34
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015742 Nephelium litchi Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzyladenine Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2NC=NC=2C=1NCC1=CC=CC=C1 NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012378 ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H azane;dihydroxy(dioxo)molybdenum;trioxomolybdenum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHECKPXUCKQCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;disodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JHECKPXUCKQCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023753 dehiscence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009661 flower growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005094 fruit set Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010832 independent-sample T-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021095 non-nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flower promoting foliar fertilizer special for litchi, which comprises the following components: 0.02-0.03% of borate, 0.01-0.02% of molybdate, 0.2-0.3% of chelated calcium salt, 0.1-0.2% of calcium salt, 0.3-0.4% of magnesium salt, 0.1-0.2% of zinc salt, 50-100mg/L of sorbitol and the balance of water. The foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the peak period of calcium, boron and zinc absorption of the litchis, so that the nutritional disorder of the litchis in flower formation can be effectively relieved in time, the resistance of the tree bodies to adverse climate can be improved, the outstanding problems of difficult flower formation and low flower formation quality of the litchis in production can be effectively solved, and a good material foundation is laid for the high yield of the litchis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural applied chemistry, and particularly relates to preparation and application of a flower promoting foliar fertilizer special for litchi.
Background
Litchi is sensitive to climate (temperature) and is only planted in a narrow latitude band of 17-32 degrees in north and south latitude around the world. There are dozens of litchi cultivars, and almost all varieties have flowering obstacles. The difficulty in litchi flower formation and the low flower formation quality are bottlenecks for restricting the high-quality development of the litchi industry, and the climate and the tree nutrition level are key factors for restricting the litchi flower formation. Boron, magnesium, molybdenum and calcium are the most commonly deficient nutrient elements in the soil of the litchi garden in south China. All calcium, about 1/3 zinc and 4/5 boron accumulated on the flower spike of litchi are absorbed after the end tip of litchi is aged to before flowering, and all other nutrients are basically absorbed in the tip stage, accumulated on leaves and branches and then transferred to the flower spike when the flower spike grows. Molybdenum is an essential nutrient element with the lowest accumulation amount of litchi tree bodies, and even molybdenum cannot be detected at different parts of various litchi tree bodies, so that molybdenum becomes an important nutrition barrier factor for litchi flower formation. The litchi flower formation can be remarkably promoted by spraying molybdenum nutrition with proper concentration. Compared with branches and fruits of litchi, the growth of flower spike is more sensitive to the dosage of nutrient elements. The method supplements deficient nutrient elements in a proper amount at a proper time, and is particularly important for litchi flower formation.
Crops are sensitive to trace element nutrients. The range of deficiency and excess of crop trace elements, particularly boron and molybdenum, is narrow. Due to the low dosage, the soil-applied trace elements are easy to cause the conditions of local application insufficiency and local excess, thus leading to the simultaneous existence of crop deficiency and toxic state. The sprayed foliar fertilizer can provide the nutrition needed by crops timely, quickly and uniformly, and is particularly suitable for the application of trace elements. However, if the spraying concentration of the foliar fertilizer is higher, the effect of promoting the growth of crops is also obviously reduced, and even fertilizer damage is generated. If the boron concentration is higher when the litchi is singly sprayed, the yield increasing effect is also obviously reduced. At present, leaf fertilizer technical products are various in types, and are special for certain crops such as fruits (CN201710534199. X); the foliar fertilizer is special for certain crops, such as special foliar fertilizer for rice (CN201910981442.1), special foliar fertilizer for apple (CN201710267128.8) and special foliar fertilizer for orange (CN 201810191823.5); the compound fertilizer has specific functions aiming at certain crops, such as (CN202110920830.6) for preventing and controlling pineapple dehiscence, (CN202110648021.4) for promoting rice ripening and increasing rice yield, (CN201910822828.8) for reducing cadmium content of rice, (CN201910588061.7) for increasing vitamin C content of crops, leaf surface fertilizer (CN202111335010.7) for increasing anthocyanin content of fruits and the like; leaf fertilizers which take certain substances as main components, such as humic acid-containing selenium-enriched leaf fertilizers (CN202111137053.4), alginic acid leaf fertilizers (CN201410800868.X) and the like, also exist.
The present invention relates to the development and application of foliage fertilizer for litchi. However, the prior similar inventions have the problems that various nutrient elements (CN201310292977.0 and CN03139667.4) which are necessary and commonly lacked for the development of flower spikes of the litchi chinensis var chinensis (south China) cannot be supplemented in a targeted manner, the dosage range of nutrients of components of a foliar fertilizer (CN03139667.4) is not specified, or various nutrient elements and non-nutrient substances are added in an excessive amount (CN201810095996.7), and the application time of the foliar fertilizer is not specified (CN201310292977.0 and CN 03139667.4). In addition, the prior art generally contains plant growth regulators and/or herbicides (CN201310292977.0, CN03139667.4 and CN202010068559.3), and is easily superposed with tip control and flower promotion technologies of medicines (plant growth regulators and herbicides) commonly used in litchi production, so that the adverse effect that excessive tip control and flower promotion are inhibited to form flowers is caused. Therefore, the application of the product in the prior art cannot timely and effectively relieve the litchi flowering dystrophy and has unstable flowering promoting effect.
According to the invention, calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron and molybdenum nutrients are scientifically matched according to a proper proportion to prepare a leaf fertilizer product, and the leaf fertilizer product is sprayed in the peak period of calcium, boron and zinc absorption of litchi, so that the nutritional disorder of litchi flower formation is effectively relieved in time, the resistance of a tree body to adverse climate is improved, the outstanding problems of difficult flower formation and low flower formation quality of litchi in production are effectively solved, and a good material basis is laid for the high yield of litchi.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the flower-promoting foliar fertilizer special for litchi, which can supplement various essential nutrient elements and nutrients commonly lacking in flowering of the litchi in south China, improve the nutrient level of a tree body in a balanced manner, promote the flowering of the litchi and improve the flowering quality of the litchi, and lay a material foundation for the high yield of the litchi.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the foliar fertilizer.
The invention also aims to provide the spraying time of the foliar fertilizer.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a flower promoting foliar fertilizer special for litchi comprises the following components: 0.02-0.03% of borate, 0.01-0.02% of molybdate, 0.2-0.3% of chelated calcium salt, 0.1-0.2% of calcium salt, 0.3-0.4% of magnesium salt, 0.1-0.2% of zinc salt, 50-100mg/L of sorbitol and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the litchi foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
weighing 0.02-0.03% of borate, 0.01-0.02% of molybdate, 0.2-0.3% of chelated calcium salt, 0.1-0.2% of calcium salt, 0.3-0.4% of magnesium salt, 0.1-0.2% of zinc salt and 50-100mg/L of sorbitol, completely dissolving other components in water, finally dissolving the chelated calcium salt, and fully and uniformly stirring.
The borate comprises borax and sodium octaborate tetrahydrate.
The molybdate comprises ammonium molybdate.
The chelated calcium salt comprises calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
The calcium salt comprises calcium nitrate and calcium chloride.
The magnesium salt includes magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride.
The zinc salt comprises zinc sulfate and zinc chloride.
The spraying time of the litchi foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying 1 time within 1-3 weeks after the end tip of litchi is aged or stops growing, preferably spraying until the leaves drip. If the litchi is not ideal for flower formation for many years or weak in growth vigor, the litchi can be sprayed for 1 time, and then sprayed for the second time 10-15 days after the first spraying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the foliar fertilizer consists of calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron and molybdenum nutrients which are commonly lacked in the flower formation of the litchi chinensis in proper dosage and proportion, and the nutrition level of the litchi tree body is improved in a balanced manner.
(2) The nutrient solution is sprayed in the peak period of calcium, boron and zinc absorption of the litchi, namely 1-3 weeks after the end tip is aged or stops growing, so that the nutrient absorption and utilization rate is high, and the flowering nutrient obstacle of the litchi is timely and effectively removed.
(3) Even if the components and the dosage of the foliar fertilizer are greatly reduced, better effects of promoting the flower and improving the quality of the flower are obtained.
(4) The foliar fertilizer does not contain plant growth regulators and/or herbicides commonly added in the existing similar foliar fertilizer products, is not superposed with the tip control and flower promotion technology of medicaments (plant growth regulators and/or herbicides) commonly used in production, and does not cause the risk of inhibiting the flower formation instead of excessively controlling the tip and promoting the flower.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The raw materials related to the invention can be directly purchased from the market. For process parameters not specifically noted, reference may be made to conventional techniques.
Example 1
Guangdong and Guangxi are the most important litchi producing areas in China, and the cinnamon flavor is the main litchi variety with the most common and serious flowering obstacles at present. The flower promoting foliar fertilizer is sprayed to a plurality of litchi gardens in Guangdong and Guangxi in 2020 and 11 months to 2022 and 4 months, and the application effect is as follows:
1. materials and methods
1.1 basic conditions in the orchard tested
And 7 litchi orchards in the main litchi producing area of south China are selected for carrying out spraying tests. The orchard basic information is shown in table 1. The tested varieties have cinnamon flavor and Feizixiao, and the tree age is between 7 and 29 years. The tests were conducted in orchards 1 to 5, 11-2021, 4-months in 2020, and 6 and 7, 2021, 11-2022, 4-months in 2021.
TABLE 1 litchi test orchard information
Before the spraying test, soil samples of each orchard were collected, and the basic properties were determined according to the method in "soil agrochemical analytical methods" (luo rue kun kingdom, china agricultural science and technology press). The basic physicochemical properties of the orchard soil to be tested are shown in Table 2, and from the measurement results, the soil nutrient fertility of all the orchards to be tested is low on the whole. Except that the pH of the soil of the Guangdong Gaozhou drumstick orchard is weak, the soil of other orchards is strong in acidity or acidity; except that the organic matter content of the orchard soil with the Guangdong Shanshen Fengshan and Guangdong Yang-West Ru cave is in a medium level, the organic matter content of the other orchard soil is in a deficiency level; except that the effective calcium and magnesium contents of the soil in the orchards around the Yangtze northwest Yangtze river mountains are respectively rich and medium, the effective calcium, magnesium, boron and molybdenum in the soil of other orchards are all deficient to extremely deficient levels. The effective molybdenum content in the soil of the Guangdong Gaozhou drumstick orchard is at the detection limit level. For soil available zinc, except for the abundant level of soil in the Guangdong Gaozhou drumstick orchard, other orchards are deficient to moderate levels. The effective iron and manganese contents of the soil of other orchards are all extremely rich levels except that the effective iron and manganese contents of the soil of the orchards with the Guangdong Yangxi Confucian caves are not detected.
TABLE 2 basic physicochemical properties of soil in orchard
1.2 spray application protocol
According to the raw material composition, 0.03 percent of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 0.02 percent of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.3 percent of EDTA calcium, 0.1 percent of calcium nitrate, 0.3 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 percent of zinc sulfate and 50mg/kg of sorbitol are used for preparing a foliar fertilizer, and the foliar fertilizer is completely dissolved in water and then sprayed. The flower-promoting foliar fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as foliar fertilizer) is sprayed within 1-3 weeks after the final end of litchi is aged or stops growing, namely about 11 to 12 months in the middle of each year. Spraying clear water as a control for each orchard. Because the difference of the sizes of litchi trees in each orchard is large, the plants and trees sprayed with the foliar fertilizer in each orchard are different, and the plants and trees treated and sprayed are between 5 and 15. The Guangdong Yangxi jue, Guangdong electric white granite and Guangdong Shangshan orchards are respectively sprayed for 1 time, and the other orchards are sprayed for 2 times.
1.3 flower formation and fruit set investigation
The flowering rate, flowering branch rate and shoot punching rate of the litchi in the full flowering period of the litchi are investigated, and the fruit bearing branch rate is investigated after the litchi is withered. The flowering rate (%) is the number of flowering plants/the number of test plants × 100%, the flowering branch rate (%) is the number of flowering branches per plant/the total number of branches × 100%, the shoot punching rate (%) is the number of shoot punching branches per plant/the total number of branches × 100%, and the fruit setting rate (%) (the number of fruit setting branches per plant/the total number of branches × 100%). The shoot-rushing rate in the flowering period can reflect the nutrition balance degree of the tree body, and the fruit bearing rate in the flowering period can reflect the quality of flowers.
1.4 data collation and statistics
Data were collated in Excel and either nonparametric or independent sample t-test (P <0.05) in SAS 9.2.
2. Results and analysis
The south China climate is dry and cold for a long time from autumn to winter of 2020 to spring of 2021, and is particularly suitable for litchi to flower. Therefore, the litchi flower formation in spring in 2021 year is all the year round. The flowering condition of litchi in 2020 and 2021 year spray tests is shown in Table 3, the daily cultivation management of two orchards of Guangxi Yang Xilian cave and Guangdong electric white Ma gang is better, the flowering is good, and the flowering rate of spraying clear water and foliar fertilizer is 100%, namely all test trees are flowering. In Guangdong Yangxi Confucian orchards, because the litchis almost completely flower, the flower promoting effect of spraying leaf fertilizers is difficult to embody. The flowering branch forming rate of the Guangdong electrical white granite after being sprayed with the foliar fertilizer is 88.3 percent, which is improved by 2.9 percent compared with the spraying of clear water, and the effect does not reach a remarkable level. However, further fruit bearing branch rate survey shows that the fruit bearing branch rates of spraying leaf fertilizers to the two orchards are respectively 70.0% and 60.8%, which are respectively improved by 33.5% and 13.0% compared with spraying clear water, which shows that the flower formation quality is better, and the fruit bearing rate can be improved after the flowers are withered. The 3 fruit gardens of Guangdong Gao Zhou Baoguang, Gao Zhou stone drum and Shanwei Fengshan have poor overall flower formation due to poor management. All the test trees sprayed with clear water and foliar fertilizer in Guangdong Gao Zhou Baoguang and Guangdong Shanwei Fengshan orchards all flower, but 60% of the trees sprayed with clear water in Guangdong Gao Zhou stone drum orchards do not flower, and the litchi trees sprayed with foliar fertilizer all flower. In the 3 orchards, the litchi flowering is obviously promoted by spraying the foliar fertilizer, and the flowering branch forming rate is respectively improved by 51.0%, 202.8% and 124.0% compared with that of the clear water treatment (P is less than 0.05).
TABLE 32020 and 2021 flowering in different orchards
Note: the different letters after each row of data in the table indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). The same applies below. -means not investigated.
The flowering condition in the year shows that almost all flowers of the orchard with better management are grown under the condition of suitable climate. On the basis, the effect of promoting litchi flowering by spraying the foliar fertilizer is not obvious, but the fruit branch rate of the litchi seat can be effectively improved, which indicates that the flowering quality is improved by spraying the foliar fertilizer. In addition, even in orchards with poor management, flower formation is still not ideal under good weather conditions, but the flower formation can be obviously promoted by spraying foliar fertilizer.
The south China is in cold weather during the winter of 2021 and the spring festival of 2022, but the winter is warm up rapidly in the last 3 months, the temperature is increased by about 3 degrees in the last 3 months compared with the temperature in the year, and the rainfall is continuously reduced in the middle 3 months until the rainfall stops at the bottom of 3 months and the air temperature rises. Due to the large climate change in spring in 2022, the south China litchi generally blossoms and shoots are more. The investigation result of litchi flowering in 2022 is shown in table 4, the flowering branch forming rate and shoot flushing rate of the litchi by spraying clear water in the orchards around the Yangtze northwest river mountains are respectively 38.4% and 63.9%, the flowering branch forming rate is improved by 77.8% compared with the flowering branch forming rate by spraying leaf fertilizers and is reduced by 41.8% compared with the flowering branch forming rate by spraying clear water. The effect of spraying the foliar fertilizer on promoting the flower formation of the litchi and inhibiting the shoot rushing is obviously achieved (P is less than 0.05). The litchi shoot-rushing rate is low by spraying the foliar fertilizer, so that the nutrition of the litchi tree body and the endogenous hormone level are relatively more balanced, and the risk of converting flower buds into leaf buds due to adverse climate influence is reduced.
And after the litchi trees are treated by spraying clear water and foliar fertilizer in the flow-north orchard in the northwest of the Guangxi province, all the litchi trees grow flowers, but the flower growth rate is moderate, the flower branch formation rate is 42.2-44.4%, and the flower formation rate is very close. Meanwhile, the shoot-rushing rate of the sprayed foliar fertilizer treatment is reduced by 7.1 percent compared with that of the treated water, but the effect does not reach a remarkable level. Detailed investigation on the orchard litchi cultivation management measures shows that 6-benzylaminopurine (a plant growth regulator) is sprayed on the orchard once in each of 1 month, 17 days and 1 month, 30 days in 2022 to promote flowering. The growth regulator is sprayed twice in a short time, which may destroy the endogenous hormone balance of the tree body to influence the flower formation, so that the flower promoting effect of spraying the foliar fertilizer is reduced. Therefore, the orchard test result shows from the reverse side that if the foliar fertilizer product contains the plant growth regulator, the foliar fertilizer product is possibly superposed with the commonly used medicinal tip-controlling and flower-promoting measures for orchards in production, the imbalance of the nutrition of the tree body and the endogenous hormone level is aggravated, the flower-promoting effect is not achieved, and the flower formation is inhibited.
TABLE 42021-year 2022-year different orchard flower-forming conditions (2022-year 3-month 29-day survey)
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The flower promoting foliar fertilizer special for litchi is characterized in that: comprises the following components: 0.02-0.03% of borate, 0.01-0.02% of molybdate, 0.2-0.3% of chelated calcium salt, 0.1-0.2% of calcium salt, 0.3-0.4% of magnesium salt, 0.1-0.2% of zinc salt, 50-100mg/L of sorbitol and the balance of water.
2. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the borate is borax or sodium octaborate tetrahydrate.
3. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the molybdate is ammonium molybdate.
4. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chelated calcium salt is calcium ethylenediamine tetraacetate.
5. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the calcium salt is calcium nitrate or calcium chloride.
6. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride.
7. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the zinc salt is zinc sulfate and zinc chloride.
8. The application of the flower-promoting foliar fertilizer special for litchi of any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized in that: spraying 1 time after the end tip of litchi is aged or stops growing for 1-3 weeks until the leaves drip.
9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: the litchi can be sprayed for 1 time when the flower formation is not ideal or the growth vigor is weak for many years, and the litchi can be sprayed for the second time 10-15 days after the first spraying.
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