CN112673745A - Method for improving soil by interplanting rape in orchard - Google Patents
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- CN112673745A CN112673745A CN202011500412.3A CN202011500412A CN112673745A CN 112673745 A CN112673745 A CN 112673745A CN 202011500412 A CN202011500412 A CN 202011500412A CN 112673745 A CN112673745 A CN 112673745A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010021929 Infertility male Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007466 Male Infertility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000109294 Rosa suffulta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001314298 Verbascum sinuatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013569 fruit product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving soil by interplanting rape in an orchard, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The invention comprises the following steps: in the last ten days of 9 months, the rape is sown in the orchard, 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of base fertilizer, 15kg of urea is applied to each mu of wax fertilizer, the rape is fully crushed and turned into soil or covered with soil when growing to the full bloom stage of 3 months, the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the result shows that the soil improvement effect is obvious. The invention can effectively improve the content of organic matters and quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the orchard soil, reduce the volume weight of the soil and better improve the conditions of soil hardening and nutrient imbalance of the orchard soil; and the rape interplanted in the orchard can pick the rape bolts before and after the spring festival for eating, and the rape bolts blossoms in spring, thereby adding bright color to the orchard and being used as a tourist spot. Therefore, the invention has higher popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving soil by interplanting rape in an orchard.
Background
According to the development of modern agriculture, high-efficiency economic forest fruits become hot pursuit objects in China, various economic forest fruits blossom in the rural areas comprehensively, but the technical level of economic forest fruit production is different, cultivation awareness of orchard soil is almost zero, meanwhile, due to the shortage of labor force, the orchard is either weed-clustered or is ploughed by using a herbicide, the whole orchard looks bald, so that the organic matter content of the orchard soil is reduced, severe hardening is caused, the content of a large amount of quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is reduced, nutrient imbalance is caused, the ecological environment of the soil is extremely deteriorated, and therefore production is severely influenced, the yield of fruit trees is reduced, the quality of fruit products is reduced, the economic benefit of fruit growers is severely influenced, and the bald orchard appears to be special in winter and does not meet the development requirements of village shaking.
The raw grass cultivation is a new cultivation mode, can improve the ecological environment of the orchard, keep the nutrient balance of the soil of the orchard, realize the biological diversity of the orchard, and provide guarantee for the growth of fruit trees and the orchard production. However, the cultivation of the green grass in the soil is a slow process, and the grass planting cannot bring direct economic benefits to farmers, so the popularization of the green grass cultivation in the orchard is slow all the time, and the acceptance of the farmers is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving soil by interplanting rape in an orchard, so as to improve the conditions that the existing orchard soil is easy to harden, unbalanced in nutrients and extremely deteriorated in soil ecological environment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving soil by interplanting rape in an orchard comprises the following steps:
1) in the last ten days of 9 months, sowing rape after rotary tillage of soil among fruit tree rows in the orchard, and using a compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer;
2) applying wax fertilizer to rape;
3) in late 3 months, the rape in full bloom stage is smashed and returned to the field.
Further, the fruit trees in the orchard are deciduous fruit trees.
Further, the rape variety is Ningza 1818, and 0.25kg of seeds are used per mu.
Furthermore, the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 20kg per mu of rape.
Further, the wax fertilizer is urea, the dosage of the wax fertilizer is 15kg per mu of rape, and the fertilizing time is from last 12 months to last 1 month of the next year.
Further, the specific mode of the total crushing and returning to the field is that the total crushing is turned into soil or covered on the soil surface.
Furthermore, when the rape in the full bloom stage is smashed and returned to the field, 20kg of rice bran is uniformly scattered per mu, so that straw rotting is promoted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by interplanting rape in the orchard, the content of organic matters and quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the orchard soil can be effectively increased after two years, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, and the conditions of soil hardening and nutrient unbalance of the orchard are effectively improved; and the rape interplanted in the orchard can pick the rape moss for eating before and after spring festival, bring visual economic benefits for peasant households, and the rape blooms in spring, adds bright color to the orchard, can attract urban consumers to travel and sightseeing, and drives rural tourism economy. Therefore, rape is interplanted in the orchard, the planting is convenient, three purposes are achieved, the peasant is easy to accept, and the popularization and application value is high.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Materials: ningza 1818 rape belonging to cabbage type semiwinterness chemical induced male sterility two-line hybrid variety. 229 days in the whole growth period, the shape of cotyledon kidney, light green leaves, less wax powder, wavy leaf edges, 3-4 pairs of splinters and deeper cleft; the petals are yellow and are overlapped; the kernel is black brown. The plant height is 178.7cm, the medium-sized branches are of the type, and the effective number of branches at one time is 6.48. Sowing in 9 ten days of the month, and sowing 0.25kg of seeds per mu. Is suitable for being planted in the south and Shanxi winter rape areas of Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui Huaihe river.
Example 1:
time and place of implementation: 2018-2020, Maoshan Zhendizhuang Chenzhijun vineyard. The vineyard is newly built in 2018, before grapes are planted, the plot is a wasteland, sunshine rose grapes are planted through reclamation and leveling, soil is heavy-sticking soil, soil strength is low, the grapes are planted in a steel frame structure in a rain-sheltering mode, the plant spacing is 3m, and the row spacing is 4 m.
The method for improving the soil by interplanting the rapes in the orchard comprises the following steps:
1) sowing Ningza 1818 rape seeds in late 9 th day in orchard, sowing seeds 0.25kg per mu, applying 20kg compound fertilizer per mu, before sowing rape seeds, carrying out rotary tillage on grape inter-row by using rotary cultivator with depth of at least 10cm, wherein the compound fertilizer contains 15% of N and 15% of P2O5，15％K2O。
2) Applying 15kg of urea to the cured fertilizer per mu, wherein the fertilizing time is from last 12 months to last 1 month of the next year, and the vegetable moss is picked in middle 2 months and is served as fresh vegetables for people to eat;
3) between the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of 3 ten days, the orchard can be opened for visitors or used as a honey source, when the flowering period of the rape is about 3 ten days, a rape harvester or a large-scale rotary cultivator is used for crushing the whole amount of the rape to cover the soil or turning the rape into the soil, and 20kg of rice bran is uniformly scattered per mu to promote straw decay.
After the rape is crushed and planted in the field, a soil sample is taken for analysis and assay, and the change conditions of soil organic matters, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the planting treatment of the Ningza 1818 rape and the conventional planting treatment are compared. The method standard for measuring the organic matters is NY/T1121.6-2006, and the method standard for measuring the soil nitrogen is LY/T1228-2015; the method standard for measuring the effective phosphorus in the soil is NY/T1121.7-2014; the method standard for measuring the content of the quick-acting potassium and the slow-acting potassium in the soil is NY/T889-2004. Compared with an orchard without interplanting rapes, the orchard for planting Ningza 1818 rapes has the advantages that soil organic matter is improved by 2.66g/kg, nitrate nitrogen is improved by 12.76mg/kg, ammonium nitrogen is reduced by 0.04mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus is improved by 3.03mg/kg, quick-acting potassium is improved by 51.07mg/kg, the unit weight of soil in a 0-10cm soil layer is reduced by 13.10 percent, the fertilizer efficiency of the soil is effectively improved, and the air permeability of the soil is improved after 2 years.
Table 12019 and 2020 annual rape 0-20cm soil nutrient change condition
And (4) conclusion: the method can effectively improve the orchard soil in hilly areas.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving soil by interplanting rape in an orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) in the last ten days of 9 months, sowing rape after rotary tillage of soil among fruit tree rows in the orchard, and using a compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer;
2) applying wax fertilizer to rape;
3) in late 3 months, the rape in full bloom stage is smashed and returned to the field.
2. The method for improving soil by interplanting rape in an orchard according to claim 1, wherein the fruit trees in the orchard are deciduous fruit trees.
3. The method for improving soil by interplanting rape in an orchard according to claim 1, wherein the rape variety Ningza 1818 is 0.25kg of seeds per mu.
4. The method for improving soil by interplanting rape in an orchard according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the compound fertilizer is 20kg per mu.
5. The method for improving soil for orchard interplanting of rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wax fertilizer is urea, the amount of the urea is 15kg per mu, and the fertilizing time is from the last ten days of 12 months to the last 1 month of the next year.
6. The method for improving soil for orchard interplanting rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific way of returning the total amount of shattering to the field is to shatter the total amount of the shattering to the soil or cover the soil surface.
7. The method for improving soil for interplanting rape in an orchard according to claim 1, wherein 20kg of rice bran is uniformly scattered per mu while the full amount of rape in the full-bloom stage is smashed and returned to the field, so that straw rot is promoted.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011468723 | 2020-12-14 | ||
| CN2020114687236 | 2020-12-14 |
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| CN112673745A true CN112673745A (en) | 2021-04-20 |
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| CN202011500412.3A Pending CN112673745A (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-17 | Method for improving soil by interplanting rape in orchard |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114731886A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Ecological planting method for interplanting white-flower cabbage type rape in pear orchard |
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| CN107493931A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for improveing orchard soil |
| CN107950370A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-24 | 伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所 | The implantation methods of intercropping in garden kok-saghyz |
| CN108551994A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-21 | 黄冈市农业科学院 | A kind of method that cotton field interplanting rape makees green manure |
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| AU2020101714A4 (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-09-17 | Institute Of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences | Lycium barbarum orchard grass planting method |
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2020
- 2020-12-17 CN CN202011500412.3A patent/CN112673745A/en active Pending
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| CN107493931A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for improveing orchard soil |
| CN107950370A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-24 | 伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所 | The implantation methods of intercropping in garden kok-saghyz |
| CN108551994A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-21 | 黄冈市农业科学院 | A kind of method that cotton field interplanting rape makees green manure |
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| AU2020101714A4 (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-09-17 | Institute Of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences | Lycium barbarum orchard grass planting method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114731886A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Ecological planting method for interplanting white-flower cabbage type rape in pear orchard |
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