CN109588145B

CN109588145B - Southern grape flowering phase regulation and control method

Info

Publication number: CN109588145B
Application number: CN201910083333.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨国顺; 徐丰; 宁媛; 白描; 谭君; 王美军; 陈文婷; 金燕
Original assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-01-29
Filing date: 2019-01-29
Publication date: 2021-04-30
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-29
Also published as: CN109588145A

Abstract

A method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of southern grapes comprises the steps of picking out inflorescences when 3 leaves are spread after the southern grapes sprout and show inflorescences, and then respectively carrying out main tip pruning on the southern grapes in the same plantation every 10-12 days from the middle ten days of 4 months to the bottom of 5 months; uniformly spraying a growth regulator diluent on the surface of the leaves 2 weeks before the main tips are trimmed, spraying once a week, and leaving the main tips for 60-80cm after 2 weeks, wherein all germinated summer tips except the top summer tips are trimmed; and uniformly spraying mepiquat chloride diluted by 300 times once on the surface of the leaf after the main tip is trimmed, and trimming the top summer tip to promote the germination of the top winter bud when the top winter bud is full on the 10 th to 12 th days after trimming. The method combines simple production measures of spraying growth regulator diluent, pruning grape main shoots and the like to promote winter buds to germinate, achieves the aim of flowering at different periods, and has high flowering rate and obvious effect.

Description

Southern grape flowering phase regulation and control method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a technical method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of grapes in south China, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of grapes in south China by using a growth regulator diluent in combination with a pruning measure.

Background

The grapes are popular with consumers because of delicious taste, rich nutrition and high functional value. In recent years, due to extreme abnormal weather in most grape producing areas in China, with the change of the climate of each area, the outbreak of extreme weather such as freezing damage in the flowering phase, hail in the young fruit phase and the like causes unstable flower bud differentiation and low flowering and fruit setting rate of grapes, so that the market demand and supply are not coordinated, and the phenomena of yield increase and non-income increase of fruit growers are caused.

The flowering phase regulation and control production of the grapes can not only regulate the flowering phase, stagger the supply time, increase the yield per unit, and improve the annual supply abundance of the grapes, but also has practical significance in saving natural disaster loss and making up for yield shortage. The flowering phase of the grapes can be effectively staggered by spraying the growth regulator through exogenous sources and pruning the branch tips, the quality of the grape fruits can be improved, the annual supply abundance of the grapes is improved, and the method has important significance for the development of the southern grape industry. However, the growth environment of southern grapes is complex, and it is very difficult to control the flowering phase of grapes by using appropriate production measures. Therefore, in order to meet the demand of market supply and demand at home and abroad and the demand of extreme weather, a simple, feasible, economical and low-cost flowering phase regulation method is searched, and the method has huge market space at home and abroad.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of southern grapes, aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein the flowering phase of southern grapes is regulated and controlled by using a growth regulator diluent in combination with a pruning measure.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of southern grapes comprises the steps of picking out inflorescences when 3 leaves are unfolded after the southern grapes sprout and show inflorescences, and then respectively carrying out main tip pruning on southern grapes in the same plantation every 10-12 days from the middle ten days of 4 months to the bottom of 5 months; uniformly spraying a growth regulator diluent on the surface of the leaves 2 weeks before the main tips are pruned, spraying the growth regulator diluent once every other week, beginning pruning the main tips after 2 weeks, reserving the main tips for 60-80cm during pruning, and pruning all germinated summer tips except the top summer tips; uniformly spraying mepiquat chloride diluted by 300 times once on the surface of the leaves after the main shoots are trimmed to control the growth, trimming the summer shoots at the top end when the winter buds at the top end are full to promote the germination of the winter buds at the top end in 10-12 days after the main shoots are trimmed, and adjusting the flowering phase of the grapes by staggering the flowering phase of the grapes.

Wherein, the preparation of the growth regulator diluent comprises the following steps: taking an equal weight of efficient organic compound phosphate fertilizer (a commercial product) and a rape flower extract, mixing the efficient organic compound phosphate fertilizer with 300 times of soft water by weight, simultaneously mixing the rape flower extract with 1000 times of soft water by weight, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, then mixing the two mixed solutions, and stirring uniformly to obtain the growth regulator diluent. After preparation, the mixture is stored in a shade place at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for standby.

The rape flower extract is prepared by mixing crushed rape flower with distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing, stirring for 3.5-4.5h at normal temperature, centrifuging, taking supernatant, concentrating and drying to obtain the product with white or light yellow appearance. Wherein, the rotation speed is 3500-.

The main tip pruning is respectively carried out on the southern grapes of the same plantation in different areas every 10-12 days from the middle ten days of 4 months to the bottom of 5 months, and the main tip pruning is as follows: for example, grapes planted in the same plantation are divided into 5 areas, and main shoots of grapes in different areas are trimmed every 12 days from 4 months and 10 days, namely 4 months and 10 days, 4 months and 22 days, 5 months and 4 days, 5 months and 16 days, and 5 months and 28 days.

When the growth regulator diluent is sprayed, the growth regulator diluent is sprayed before 10 am or after 4 pm on sunny days after at least 3 hours after rain and after the leaf surfaces are dried.

The method has the advantages that the winter bud germination is promoted by a scientific and feasible method and simple production measures such as spraying of a growth regulator diluent, pruning of grape main shoots and the like, the purpose of flowering at different periods is achieved, and the method is good in safety, effective in measures and high in flowering rate; the method meets the production technical level of most farmers, is simple, has high feasibility and reduces cost; the selected growth regulator diluent meets the production requirements of environmental protection and safety, and has better economic benefit and social value. According to the technical method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of the grapes, the growth regulator diluent is sprayed and the main shoots are pruned in a matching manner, so that the flowering effect is obvious, and a good practical effect is obtained.

Detailed Description

Example 1

1. General description of test area

The Hu nan Changsha subtropical monsoon 3 climate has mild climate, abundant rainfall, synchronous rain and heat and clear four seasons. The average annual temperature in the urban area of Changsha is 17.2 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature is 5457 ℃, the annual average precipitation in the urban area is 1361.6 mm, Changsha is long in summer and winter, short in spring and autumn, large in spring temperature change, more in rain in the beginning of summer, high in temperature in summer and autumn for a long time, and less in severe cold in winter.

2. Test materials

The test was carried out at the sequoia fortunei grape base of the university of agriculture in Hunan. The grape planting is in the north-south direction, the bird rack type, the rain-sheltering cultivation, and the plant-row spacing is 1.8m multiplied by 2.8 m. The management of soil, fertilizer, water and plant diseases and insect pests is the same as the conventional cultivation management. The tested grape varieties were: summer black without stone (precocious ripening), Hutai eight (medium ripening).

3. Test of

Preparing a rape flower extract: stirring and crushing rape flowers, and mixing the crushed rape flowers with distilled water according to a weight ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing, stirring at normal temperature for 3.5-4.5h, centrifuging at 4000r/min for 25min, taking supernatant, concentrating and drying to obtain the product with white or light yellow appearance.

Preparing a growth regulator diluent: taking an equal weight of efficient organic compound phosphate fertilizer (a commercial product, containing 12.6 percent of phosphorus pentoxide, 4.2 percent of potassium oxide, 0.08 percent of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.06 percent of manganese sulfate monohydrate and 18 percent of organic matters) and a rape flower extract, mixing the efficient organic compound phosphate fertilizer with 300 times of soft water by weight, simultaneously mixing the rape flower extract with 1000 times of soft water by weight, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, then mixing the two mixed liquids, and stirring uniformly. After preparation, the mixture is stored in a shade place at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for standby. When the spraying is carried out, before 10 am or after 4 pm on a fine day, if raining occurs, the spraying is carried out after at least 3 hours after raining until the leaf surfaces are dried.

After the grapes in the base sprout, inflorescences are seen, when 3 leaves are spread, all the inflorescences are picked off, the grapes in the base are divided into 5 large areas, 15 days in 4 months, 25 days in 4 months, 5 days in 5 months, 15 days in 5 months and 25 days in 5 months are selected as main tip trimming time of corresponding areas, growth regulator diluent is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the grape leaves in the areas 2 weeks before the main tip trimming time of different areas, the diluent is sprayed every other week, after 2 weeks, the main tips are trimmed, the main tips are kept 60-80cm, and except top summer tips, the other germinated summer tips are all trimmed; and uniformly spraying mepiquat chloride diluted by 300 times once on the surface of the leaves after the main shoots are trimmed to control the growth, and trimming the summer shoots at the top end when the winter buds at the top end are full to promote the germination of the winter buds at the top end in 10-12 days after the main shoots are trimmed.

4. Flowering phase regulation experiment effect

The rain-sheltering grape cultivation in the base of 2018 is carried out according to the spraying and trimming method, the obtained grape flower forming rate results are shown in the following table 1, the data in the table show the flower forming effect, and the good using effect is obtained in the experiments of summer black and Hutai variety in Changsha region in Hunan.

TABLE 1 flowering rate summary table for different main shoot pruning periods

Epoch processing	Percentage of flower formation (%)
		4 month and 15 days	100
4 month and 25 days	100
		5 months and 5 days	100
5 months and 15 days	100
		5 month and 25 days	100

Claims

1. A method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of southern grapes is characterized in that after the southern grapes sprout and see the inflorescence, the inflorescence is picked off when 3 leaves are spread, and then main tips of the southern grapes in the same plantation are respectively trimmed in different areas every 10-12 days from the middle ten days of 4 months to the bottom of 5 months; uniformly spraying a growth regulator diluent on the surface of the leaves 2 weeks before the main tips are pruned, spraying the growth regulator diluent every other week, after 2 weeks, keeping the main tips for 60-80cm when the main tips are pruned, and pruning all germinated summer tips except the top summer tips; uniformly spraying mepiquat chloride diluted by 300 times once on the surface of the leaves to control the growth; cutting off the summer shoots at the top end when the winter buds at the top end are full in 10-12 days after the main shoots are trimmed so as to promote the winter buds at the top end to germinate;

wherein, the growth regulator diluent is obtained by taking high-efficiency organic compound phosphate fertilizer and rape flower extract with equal weight, respectively adding soft water, stirring until the soft water is completely dissolved, mixing and uniformly stirring; wherein, the weight ratio of the high-efficiency organic compound phosphate fertilizer to the soft water is 1: 300, the weight ratio of the rape flower extract to the soft water is 1: 1000, parts by weight; the rape flower extract is prepared by stirring rape flowers, and mixing with distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing, stirring at normal temperature for 3.5-4.5h, centrifuging, taking supernatant, concentrating and drying to obtain the product.

2. The method for controlling flowering phase of southern grapes according to claim 1, wherein the spraying of the growth regulator diluent is performed before 10 am or after 4 pm on a sunny day, and the spraying is performed after the foliage water dries after at least 3 hours after rain.

3. The method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of southern grapes according to claim 1, wherein the growth regulator diluent is stored in a shade at 3-5 ℃.

4. The method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of southern grapes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rape flower extract is prepared at a centrifugal rotation speed of 3500-4500r/min for 20-30 min.