CN111149613A - Summer high-temperature-resistant greenhouse maintenance management method for grapes through humidity regulation - Google Patents
Summer high-temperature-resistant greenhouse maintenance management method for grapes through humidity regulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149613A CN111149613A CN202010069220.5A CN202010069220A CN111149613A CN 111149613 A CN111149613 A CN 111149613A CN 202010069220 A CN202010069220 A CN 202010069220A CN 111149613 A CN111149613 A CN 111149613A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a management method for summer high temperature resistant greenhouse maintenance of grapes through humidity regulation, which reduces the temperature of the grape plants by adopting a method for improving the evapotranspiration capacity of the grape plants through atmospheric relative humidity regulation and soil humidity regulation when the highest temperature reaches or exceeds 35 ℃. Besides sun shading, cooling, ventilating and cooling, the invention also adopts a humidity control measure and a measure of applying the high-temperature resistant foliar fertilizer to the grapes; the humidity control comprises soil humidity and greenhouse air humidity, the control range of the greenhouse air humidity is 40-70%, and the high-temperature resistant foliar fertilizer for the grapes comprises 50 mu molL‑1Jasmonic acid, 100. mu. molL‑1Salicylic acid, 10mmol L‑1CaCl2，10 mmol L‑ 1ZnSO4. The invention reduces the sensible temperature of the grapes by adjusting temperature, illumination, humidity, soil moisture, fertilizer and other meteorological factors in the greenhouse grape production, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of the grapes and improving the quality and the yield of the grapes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a management method for summer high-temperature-resistant greenhouse maintenance of grapes through humidity regulation.
Background
Grapes are the largest fruit cultivated in the world. It has strong adaptability and easy reproduction. The grapes are praised as one of four fruits in the world, have extremely high nutritional value and contain rich antioxidant components. Meanwhile, the product is also a raw material for producing various drinks, such as wine.
Temperature management and control are one of the key technologies for facility grape cultivation. High temperature is a common meteorological disaster, and in meteorology, the highest daily temperature reaches or exceeds 35 ℃ as a high temperature standard. The influence of high temperature on grapes is large, so that grape leaves or a large amount of withered yellow leaves fall off, or local parts of the leaves at the tips of the branches are burnt to form withered spots, and the leaves are often burnt to form fire-shaped connected pieces at the edge parts, thereby seriously influencing the normal growth of the grapes. At present, the relatively mature high-temperature regulation method in greenhouse production mainly comprises several forms of ventilation cooling, evaporation cooling (spray cooling, water curtain cooling) and sunshade cooling. The evaporation cooling method is achieved by adjusting water evaporation, and the grapes are easily infected by diseases due to overlarge humidity, so that the existing cooling method is high in cost and great in side effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for managing the high-temperature-resistant greenhouse maintenance of grapes in summer aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a management method for grape summer high temperature resistant greenhouse maintenance through humidity regulation and control is characterized in that when the outdoor maximum temperature reaches or exceeds 35 ℃, a sunshade net and a natural ventilation or fan ventilator are adopted to reduce the temperature of greenhouse air, and meanwhile, a humidity control measure and a measure of applying grape high temperature resistant foliar fertilizer are also adopted; humidityThe control comprises soil humidity and greenhouse air humidity, the control range of the greenhouse air humidity is 40-70%, and the high-temperature resistant foliar fertilizer for the grapes comprises jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and CaCl2、ZnSO4The concentration of each component in the mixed liquid and the high-temperature resistant leaf fertilizer for the grapes is 50 mu molL-1Jasmonic acid, 100. mu. molL-1Salicylic acid, 10mmol L-1CaCl2，10 mmol L-1ZnSO4。
In a further design scheme of the invention, the measure for controlling the humidity of the greenhouse air comprises mulching, irrigation under the film, drip irrigation, chemical water absorption dehumidification and heat exchange dehumidification, the humidity of the greenhouse air is reduced by reducing the evaporation of water in the greenhouse, and the relative humidity of the greenhouse air is preferably controlled within the range of 40-58%.
In a further design scheme of the present invention, the soil humidity control range is as follows: the water capacity of the field is 55-70% in the mature period of the grapes, and the soil humidity needs to be reduced to 80-100% in the vegetative growth period of the grapes.
In a further design scheme of the invention, the application method of the high-temperature-resistant leaf fertilizer for the grapes comprises the following steps: within 1-3 days after the high temperature comes, the mixed liquor of the grape high-temperature resistant foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the leaves until the leaves are wet and drip. The high temperature may be applied once more if it exceeds 5 days, but not more than three times.
The invention has the following outstanding advantages:
firstly, the high temperature resistance effect is good, and in the summer management method for grapes, the management method provided by the invention can effectively help the grapes to pass summer high temperature stress, reduce the influence of high temperature on yield and accelerate the recovery of the grapes after the high temperature.
Secondly, the operability is strong, the purpose of adjusting the high temperature resistance of the grapes is achieved by adjusting meteorological factors, the operation is simple, the cost is low compared with other methods, the effect is good, and the method is worthy of large-area popularization.
Thirdly, the existing cooling methods, such as spray cooling and water curtain cooling, have high cost, large equipment investment and manpower investment, and mainly reduce the environmental temperature. The invention is based on the way, and achieves the effect of reducing the temperature of the grape plants by adjusting other meteorological elements, so as to reduce the temperature of the grape plants.
Fourthly, the existing cooling methods, such as spray cooling and water curtain cooling, can raise the indoor humidity, and the high humidity is easy to cause various diseases such as grape downy mildew, although the diseases are cooled, if the diseases are caused, the diseases are unreliable. The invention effectively avoids the risk by controlling the humidity of the greenhouse air.
The invention reduces the sensible temperature of the grapes by adjusting temperature, illumination, humidity, soil moisture, fertilizer and other meteorological factors in greenhouse grape production, rather than simply reducing the air temperature, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of the grapes and improving the quality and yield of the grapes to a certain extent. The method has three main advantages of low cost, good effect and easy operation, and is suitable for production and popularization of grapes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
In 2017, 7 months, the experimental site is located in Pukou district town of Nanjing city, Jiangsu province. The experimental variety is four-year-old summer black. The maximum temperature of the whole test period day is above 30 ℃. The method comprises the steps of simultaneously testing three grape greenhouses with the same area and conditions, wherein the first greenhouse adopts the traditional ventilation, sunshade and cooling management, the second greenhouse adopts the traditional ventilation, sunshade and cooling management and water curtain cooling management, and the third greenhouse adopts the following method for cooling management.
Aiming at extreme high temperature weather, the temperature condition, the illumination condition, the atmospheric relative humidity and the soil moisture humidity of a grape greenhouse are regulated and controlled, and the grape high-temperature resistant foliar fertilizer is sprayed.
Temperature is one of the most important factors influencing the growth of grapes, and the temperature is mainly adjusted by aeration and cooling in the embodiment. Under summer high temperature environment, not only will adjust the temperature on daytime, also need to pay attention to temperature regulation night simultaneously, only adjust the temperature in production place round the clock, just can effectively adjust the influence of temperature factor to the grape under the high temperature environment.
Solar radiation is an important factor causing the temperature of the grape leaves to rise. The sunshade net can be black or silver gray. Besides reducing the air temperature, the method is utilized to shade the sun so as to greatly reduce the leaf temperature and avoid the phenomenon of high-temperature stress of the leaves, and the sunshade net is opened for use in the daytime when the air temperature reaches 35 ℃ in sunny days.
In the whole experiment process, the third greenhouse regulates and controls air humidity and soil humidity. The humidity of the greenhouse air is controlled to be 40-58% through indoor and outdoor ventilation, mulching film covering, under-film irrigation and drip irrigation, and the soil moisture is controlled to be 70% of the field moisture capacity.
The atmospheric humidity control mainly comprises two methods of humidification and dehumidification. In summer, the greenhouse is at high temperature outdoors, so that the greenhouse is basically in a high-humidity environment, the humidity of the greenhouse can be reduced by the technologies of indoor and outdoor ventilation, mulching film covering, under-film irrigation, drip irrigation, chemical water absorption dehumidification, heat exchange dehumidification and the like, and the purpose of reducing the evaporation in the greenhouse is achieved, wherein the drip irrigation technology is more economical and effective in reducing the humidity of the greenhouse. The atmospheric humidity is controlled within the range of 40-70%, the atmospheric humidity can not only enable the meteorological factors to exert the maximum effect, but also enable the grapes to be in the optimum humidity, and tests show that the grape plant with the humidity of about 40% has the best cooling effect, and the grape plant with the humidity of about 58% has the best growth effect.
Theoretically, in the expanding period of grape growth, the more sufficient the soil moisture is, the better the cooling effect is. In order to ensure the fruit quality in summer under high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the soil humidity needs to be reduced to 55-70% in the mature period of grapes, the common methods mainly comprise drip irrigation and mulching film covering, the aim is achieved by a water-saving method, but attention is paid to the fact that the relative water content of soil cannot be lower than 55%, and the humidity is too low to facilitate transpiration cooling and grape growth.
The foliar fertilizer can be applied in the first three days of the high-temperature weather forecast at 35 ℃, and 50 mu molL can be applied within 1 to 3 days when the high temperature comes-1Jasmonic acid, 100. mu. molL-1Salicylic acid, 10mmol L-1CaCl2，10 mmol L-1ZnSO4Mixing and spraying the mixture on leaves, completely wetting the leaves until dripping water, and applying the foliar fertilizer in the eveningThe fertilizer can be sprayed in time to give full play to the fertility.
And (3) detection results: after the product is used in the third greenhouse, plants grow vigorously without high-temperature stress symptoms, leaves are bright green in color, and the phenomena of green loss and wilting are avoided. The photosynthesis efficiency is obviously improved, compared with a greenhouse I, the leaf photosynthesis efficiency can be improved by more than 25%, and the yield and the grain size of a single fruit are improved by 10%; the downy mildew and gray mold of a second grape plant in the greenhouse are serious, white downy mildew-like substances are arranged on the back of leaves, grape fruits have cracked and rotted fruits, and more fruit skins are distributed with black spots, so that the average photosynthetic efficiency is reduced by about 15% compared with that of the first grape plant in the greenhouse, the yield is reduced by about 18%, the photosynthetic efficiency is reduced by about 32% compared with that of the third grape plant in the greenhouse, and the yield is reduced by about 25%.
The invention adjusts the temperature of the grape plant leaves by adjusting other meteorological elements, thereby achieving the purpose of high temperature resistance.
Example 2
In 2018, 7 months, the experimental site is located in the city town of Nanjing city, Jiangsu province. The experimental variety is five-year-old summer black. The maximum temperature of the whole test period day is above 30 ℃. Meanwhile, the traditional ventilation, sun-shading and cooling treatment control group test is carried out.
Aiming at high-temperature weather, the environment regulation and control technology for resisting high temperature in summer of the grapes regulates and controls the atmospheric humidity, the soil moisture and the illumination condition, and is sprayed with the corresponding foliar fertilizer. The humidity is controlled to be between 40 and 70 percent through indoor and outdoor ventilation, mulching film coverage, under-film irrigation and drip irrigation in the whole experiment process. The plants selected in the test do not enter the coloring mature period, so the soil moisture is controlled to be 80% of the field moisture capacity. The sunshade net is opened for use in the daytime when the temperature reaches 35 ℃ in sunny days. The humidity and the temperature are adjusted through indoor and outdoor ventilation, mulching film covering, under-film irrigation and drip irrigation. The foliar fertilizer is applied to the first three days of the high-temperature weather forecast at 35 ℃.
And (3) detection results: the experimental group of the embodiment has the advantages that the grape plants grow vigorously, the leaves are bright green, and the phenomena of green loss and wilting do not occur. Compared with the traditional ventilation, sunshade and cooling treatment, the photosynthesis efficiency is obviously improved, the leaf photosynthesis efficiency is improved by 20 percent, and the yield and the single fruit grain size are improved by 10 percent.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes made according to the technical scheme of the present invention that produce functional effects do not exceed the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A management method for grape summer high temperature resistant greenhouse maintenance through humidity regulation and control is characterized in that when the outdoor maximum temperature reaches or exceeds 35 ℃, a sunshade net and natural ventilation or fan ventilation mode are adopted to reduce the temperature of greenhouse air, and meanwhile, a humidity control measure and a measure of applying grape high temperature resistant foliar fertilizer are also adopted; the humidity control comprises soil humidity and greenhouse air humidity, the control range of the greenhouse air humidity is 40-70%, and the high-temperature resistant foliar fertilizer for the grapes comprises jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and CaCl2、ZnSO4The concentration of each component in the mixed liquid and the high-temperature resistant leaf fertilizer for the grapes is 50 mu molL-1Jasmonic acid, 100. mu. molL-1Salicylic acid, 10mmol L-1CaCl2，10 mmol L-1ZnSO4。
2. The summer high temperature resistant greenhouse maintenance management method for grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that the greenhouse humidity control measures include plastic film mulching, under-film irrigation, drip irrigation, chemical water absorption dehumidification and heat exchange dehumidification, the greenhouse air humidity is reduced by reducing moisture evaporation in the greenhouse, and the preferable control range of the greenhouse air humidity is 40-58%.
3. The summer high temperature resistant greenhouse maintenance management method for grapes according to claim 1, wherein the control range of soil humidity is: the mature period of grape is 55-70%, and the soil humidity is controlled to be above 80% during the vegetative growth period of grape.
4. The summer high-temperature-resistant greenhouse maintenance management method for the grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that the application method of the grape high-temperature-resistant foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: within 1-3 days after the high temperature comes, the mixed liquor of the grape high-temperature resistant foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the leaves until the leaves are wet and drip.
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| CN202010069220.5A CN111149613A (en) | 2020-01-21 | 2020-01-21 | Summer high-temperature-resistant greenhouse maintenance management method for grapes through humidity regulation |
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| CN202010069220.5A CN111149613A (en) | 2020-01-21 | 2020-01-21 | Summer high-temperature-resistant greenhouse maintenance management method for grapes through humidity regulation |
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006246879A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-09-21 | Ikuo Kotaka | Plant cultivating apparatus and method |
| CN102379228A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-03-21 | 昆明理工大学 | Grape sunshade cultivation technique |
| CN108617396A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-09 | 李军 | A kind of drought and sand area vinery cultural method that can improve yield |
| CN109076872A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2018-12-25 | 六安市叶集区富民高新葡萄种植专业合作社 | A kind of early efficient cultivation method of grape rush |
-
2020
- 2020-01-21 CN CN202010069220.5A patent/CN111149613A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006246879A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-09-21 | Ikuo Kotaka | Plant cultivating apparatus and method |
| CN102379228A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-03-21 | 昆明理工大学 | Grape sunshade cultivation technique |
| CN108617396A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-09 | 李军 | A kind of drought and sand area vinery cultural method that can improve yield |
| CN109076872A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2018-12-25 | 六安市叶集区富民高新葡萄种植专业合作社 | A kind of early efficient cultivation method of grape rush |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| 张颖: "《设施葡萄温度与湿度调控技术》", 《现代农业》 * |
| 王小敏: "《植物生命活动规律及其机理研究》", 31 July 2019, 电子科技大学出版社 * |
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| 陈培琴: "《茉莉酸、水杨酸和高温锻炼诱导的葡萄耐热性与抗氧化关系》", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库（硕士） 农业科技辑》 * |
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