CN110249953B - Method for promoting ornamental color display of color-leaf and coarse costal grass - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention solves the technical system that the leaves of commercial seedlings of potted foliage plants, namely the colorama and the ribbed grass (Aglanonema spp), are changed from green to ornamental colors. The potted seedlings of the spartina macrorrhiza are treated by nutrient components, plant growth stimulin and the like, so that the color of the leaf surface of the potted seedlings of the spartina macrorrhiza is gradually changed from green leaf surfaces in the vegetative growth period to colorful leaves with higher ornamental value and economic value. The use of the technology can divide the industrial production of the color-leaf coarse costal herbs into two stages from the technical aspect: the first stage is mainly to promote the vegetative growth to build a beautiful potted plant shape; in the second stage, the leaf surface is promoted to be changed from green to bright color leaves. The technology can solve the contradiction of promoting the vegetative growth and the transformation of the color leaves in the production of the coarse costwort, and the technology system has low production cost, environmental protection, no environmental pollution and shorter period, and completely realizes the aims of low cost, high quality, uniformity, ornamental value and high market price.

Description

Method for promoting ornamental color display of color-leaf and coarse costal grass

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant nutrition and cultivation, and particularly relates to a technology for promoting the color transformation of leaves of commercial seedlings of zoysia cantoniensis hance.

Background

Roughhaired Ribes burejense (Aglaonema Schott) belongs to Araceae (Araceae) plant. The color-leaf burley grass has rich ornamental characters, bright and elegant leaf color and higher ornamental value. The burley grass is strong light resistant, shade moisture resistant, high temperature resistant and sultry resistant, and is a preferred ornamental plant variety for excellent indoor potted plants, water culture, renting and arranging and the like. The research on the domestic market finds that the rabdosia bicolor is a very popular ornamental species with wide potential and is in a state of short supply. Belongs to one of high-value ornamental plants in facility cultivation varieties. The ornamental point of the ribbed colorama is that the accumulation of anthocyanin in the leaves of the ornamental point shows a different streak from that of green leaves under the influence of pH in the tissues of the leaf organs. The expression of bright color of colored leaves mainly derives from the influence of three aspects of anthocyanin accumulation, plant cell sugar accumulation and cell PH. The higher the anthocyanin accumulation is, the higher the soluble sugar accumulation is, the easier the anthocyanin accumulation is to promote intermolecular or intramolecular co-coloration, the higher the stability is, and when the PH is low, the darker and red color leaf patches are obviously represented, and the ornamental value is higher.

The main current facility cultivation and planting technology is that N, P, K compound fertilizers (namely N-P2O5-K2O:20-20-20 balanced fertilizers) with the same mass concentration are applied for vegetative growth; before the sale period, the high phosphorus potassium fertilizer is applied to promote the concentration of soluble sugar in plant tissues to promote the color conversion of the leaf surfaces. However, in the actual production, because of environmental climate factors (such as illumination, temperature and temperature difference in production areas), physiological age factors of plant leaf organs, synthesis and stability of anthocyanin per se, accumulation of soluble sugar and the like, bright colors are difficult to be shown in most seasons every year, and the ornamental value and the economic value of the anthocyanin are greatly weakened.

The climatic conditions of subtropical regions in the cultivation and production area of the ribbed colorama: insufficient illumination in facility cultivation in a long season is particularly serious, and particularly, the plant tissue anthocyanin is reduced in synthesis and poor in stability due to various characteristics such as short wave light deficiency, temperature stuffiness, small day and night temperature difference and the like; the high phosphorus supply in the fertilization causes strong plant respiration in high-temperature seasons and high consumption and difficult accumulation of soluble sugar. In combination, the commercial seedlings are difficult to change color or have poor color spot quality under the planting technology.

In addition, the method is to apply the high-concentration fertilizer solution for a long time, create a certain osmotic stress rhizosphere environment, accelerate the maturation and even the aging of leaf organs and achieve the effect of leaf color transformation. However, the long-term stress in the vegetative growth period of the seedling causes the poor plant shape of the potted seedling, and the poor blade glossiness of the seedling is difficult to achieve the high-quality commercial seedling quality.

The prior art is difficult to solve the contradiction between the ornamental color transition of the color-leaf thick costal grass and the climate characteristics of the market demand time period. Therefore, according to market demands, the ornamental plant, namely the burley grass, can be timely converted into bright colored leaves meeting the ornamental demands in adverse weather periods according to the market demands, the finished product rate of commodities in planting production can be increased, the turnover rate of agricultural cultivation facilities is improved, and greater economic value and higher ornamental value are created.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a more optimized and strong-adaptability technical method for color conversion of color-leaf crambe rassica aiming at the technical defects in the existing cultivation and planting process.

According to the invention, the plants are subjected to three stages of enhancing resistance, passing through low-temperature adverse environment, rapidly growing and accumulating nutritional ingredients and inducing color change to improve ornamental value by using corresponding nutritional fertilizer liquid in special periods of different climates for planting the color-leaf sparassis crispa facility.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the method for promoting the ornamental color of the color-leaf coarse costal grass comprises the following steps:

(1) using a fertilizer solution to promote the vegetative growth of the small seedlings of the spartina alterniflora linn according to seasons to build a beautiful plant shape, applying the fertilizer solution I in the seasons with the average temperature lower than 20 ℃ in winter and early spring, and applying the fertilizer solution II in the seasons with the average temperature higher than 20 ℃ from late spring to mid-autumn;

(2) and (3) performing induced transformation from green to color leaves on the leaf surfaces of the coarse ribbed grass potted plants well formed by the plants in the step (1) by using the nutrient solution III and the nutrient solution IV, so as to promote the color leaf shapes of the coarse ribbed grass potted plants to be displayed.

Preferably, in the step (1), in winter and early spring, in the season with the average temperature lower than 20 ℃, the fertilizer liquid I components are applied:

nitric acid and nitrogen: 4mmol/l

Ammonium nitrogen: 1mmol/l

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.5mmol/l

Potassium oxide: 2mmol/l

Ferrous sulfate: 0.1mmol/l

Calcium oxide: 1mmol/l

Magnesium sulfate: 0.5mmol/l

Brassinolide: 0.04 ppm.

Preferably, in the step (1), in the season from late spring to mid-autumn and in which the average temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the fertilizer solution II is applied by adding 0.01ppm of brassinolide and 0.25 g of N-P2O5-K2O:20-20-20 (Huaduo compound fertilizer + 0.45 g of potassium nitrate)/L, and irrigating once in 5-10 days, so as to keep the culture substrate in a high-humidity state.

Preferably, the irrigation fertilizer III nutrient solution for color leaf conversion in the step (2) comprises the following components:

potassium nitrate: 2.5mmol/l

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.125mmol/l

Calcium chloride: 1.6mmol/l

Potassium acetate: 4.8mmol/l

And (3) ferric citrate: 0.5mmol/l

Copper sulfate: 10umol/l

Brassinolide: 0.01ppm

Adjusting pH to 5.5-5.6 with acetic acid.

Preferably, the foliar fertilizer applied by the colored leaf transformation in the step (2) is matched with the irrigation fertilizer liquid, and the nutrient solution component of No. IV of the foliar fertilizer:

ferulic acid: 1mmol/l

Caffeic acid: 1mmol/l

Phenylalanine 0.5mmol/l

L-methionine: 0.5mmol/l

Sucrose: 50g/l

Hydrolyzing soybean protein: 2g/l

Betaine: 10mmol/l

Tween 20: 0.1 percent of

Adjusting pH to 5.0-5.5 with acetic acid.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the technology of the invention is helpful to improve the quality of the planted seedlings and the ornamental value and economic benefit of the commercial seedlings. The invention uses effective technology to clearly and specifically stage the production of commercial seedlings of the spartina alterniflora at different periods. This can effectively improve the consistent degree of quality of the commercial seedlings and is convenient for production management. In the period of promoting color development, the leaves of the color-leaf coarse costal grass can be converted into the objective ornamental color mainly from green in the previous growth period after being treated by the technology for about 30-50 days. The planning accuracy of production management and mass production performance is greatly improved, the cost can be effectively reduced, and the benefit can be improved. Compared with the prior art, the invention effectively promotes the ornamental color transformation of the color-leaf burley grass, simultaneously keeps beautiful plant shape and has higher quality of the whole commercial seedlings.

Detailed Description

When the invention is implemented, the invention promotes the technology of the color development of the ornamental color of the color-leaf thick costal grass, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) in winter and early spring, in the season that the average temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the illumination is insufficient, adversity stress is formed on the growth of the seedlings, low nitrogen fertilizer, especially low ammonium nitrogen is applied, and meanwhile, plant biological stimulin PTZ lactone is used as an auxiliary to reduce the resistance of the seedlings to the cold damage stress in the low-temperature environment to cross bad seasons. No. I fertilizer liquid comprises the following components:

nitric acid and nitrogen: 4mmol/l

Ammonium nitrogen: 1mmol/l

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.5mmol/l

Potassium oxide: 2mmol/l

Ferrous sulfate: 0.1mmol/l

Calcium oxide: 1mmol/l

Magnesium sulfate: 0.8mmol/l

Brassinolide: 0.04ppm

The upper component is prepared from tap water. The cultivation substrate is irrigated once in 10-20 days according to the dryness and humidity of the cultivation substrate, and the irrigation rhythm that the substrate gradually dries and gradually wets is kept.

(2) In late spring to mid-autumn, the temperature is higher, the temperature difference between day and night is smaller, the average temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the plant respiration effect is stronger, and the proper nitrogen-phosphorus ratio and the proper osmotic pressure of the fertilizer liquid can promote the rapid growth of the plant and the establishment of the plant shape. And applying the fertilizer liquid II to promote photosynthesis and vegetative growth, build a beautiful plant shape and promote the accumulation of nutrient components. And (3) fertilizer liquid II:

the fertilizer solution containing 0.01ppm of brassinolide and 0.25 g of (flower multi-fertilizer 0.25 g + potassium nitrate 0.45 g)/L of N-P2O5-K2O:20-20-20 can be used. The fertilizer solution is irrigated once in 5-10 days, and the high humidity state of the culture medium is kept.

(3) After the plant is established to achieve a beautiful plant shape in the vegetative growth stage of the plant, the application of the nutrient fertilizer solution in the previous stage is stopped, and the technology of adding the No. III nutrient solution for stimulating the synthesis of anthocyanin to promote the ornamental color conversion of the color-leaf crassostrea herb is changed. Acetic acid and acetate are used, on one hand, the acetic acid is a precursor for synthesizing the anthocyanin; the application of acetic acid promotes the synthesis of plant hormone jasmonic acid, improves the resistance of plants, induces the increase of enzyme activity of a plurality of restriction steps in the synthesis of anthocyanin such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase and the like, and promotes the accumulation of anthocyanin.

No. III nutrient solution comprises the following components:

potassium nitrate: 2.5mmol/l

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.125mmol/l

Calcium chloride: 1.6mmol/l

Potassium acetate: 4.8mmol/l

And (3) ferric citrate: 0.5mmol/l

Copper sulfate: 10umol/l

Brassinolide: 0.01ppm

Adjusting pH to 5.5-5.6 with acetic acid

30-50 days before the commercial seedlings are sold, irrigating with a No. III nutrient solution. The water can be irrigated once in 7-10 days according to the weather conditions. During the period, if the substrate is over-dried, the substrate can be sprayed and supplemented with clean water. Irrigating until the substrate is obviously dried after water loss. Influences plant endogenous hormones (such as promoting the synthesis of ethylene, ABA and the like) through proper drought stress, promotes the maturation of leaves, and improves the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase to promote the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin. Meanwhile, proper drying is beneficial to the ventilation of the root system, and the aging and the decay of the root system are avoided.

(4) And (3) applying the nutrient solution III to irrigate the leaves to promote the color of the leaves to change, and applying the nutrient solution IV to spray the leaves. Soluble sugar and organic nitride to promote accumulation and co-coloration of soluble sugar and anthocyanin in cells and improve stability, applying precursor components for anthocyanin synthesis, and promoting substrate for ethylene synthesis, further enhancing and promoting the appearance of bright color of leaves, and improving the ornamental value and commodity rate of products.

IV nutrient solution components:

ferulic acid: 1mmol/l

Caffeic acid: 1mmol/l

Phenylalanine 0.5mmol/l

L-methionine: 0.5mmol/l

Sucrose: 50g/l

Hydrolyzing soybean protein: 2g/l

Betaine: 10mmol/l

Tween 20: 0.1 percent of

Adjusting pH to 5.0-5.5 with acetic acid

And spraying the nutrient solution IV once about 15 days in combination with the irrigation period of the nutrient solution III to promote the conversion of the leaf surface from green to color.

(5) Spraying the diluted hydrochloric acid solution with pH of 5.0-5.5 to the leaf surface once every 10 days. On one hand, the method avoids the mildew attached to the leaf surfaces caused by spraying of the IV nutrient solution in a sultry high-humidity period; on the other hand, the fertilizer can leach and dissolve calcification on leaf surfaces, unblock pores and improve the photosynthesis capability of the leaves.

Example (b): in order that the invention may be more readily understood, specific embodiments thereof will be described further below.

Example 1, corniculate (Aglanonema spp.) 'promoting colourful leaf conversion of the ruyi' variety:

in this example, a color leaf variety of burley grass (Aglanonema spp.) was selected for cultivation. The variety has the advantages of fast growth, beautiful plant shape extension, bright white or pink half-point distribution of the green background of the leaves during the vegetative growth period of the plantlet, and excellent ornamental property. However, when the temperature of the environment is low (below 15 ℃), the lower leaf of the variety is easy to have verticillium wilt, and the symptoms are prolonged to the whole plant when the stress lasts. In addition, the color development quality of the color leaves is poor, the red patches on the leaf surfaces are small, and the color is not deep red enough in the setting production of the color leaves under the Guangzhou climate condition.

Selecting a tissue culture seedling of the 'Ruyi' of the Roughtonia crassipes (Aglanonema spp.), planting in the last 10 th of the next half year, controlling water, and applying fertilizer solution I in the low-temperature season after new roots grow out. And the No. II fertilizer is applied at the 3 rd month of the next year. In 7 th month, the color is changed by using fertilizers III and IV. The results show that compared with the control treatment, the effect of the invention for treating the seedlings, no matter the resistance in winter, the growth speed in spring and summer, the plant formation and the color conversion treatment is obviously superior to the effect of the control conventional technology for culturing the seedlings.

Example 2, color promoting leaf conversion of Roughtonia grossedentata (Aglanonema spp.) 'Jilishong' cultivar:

the variety has large color spots on the growing leaf surface, better low temperature resistance compared with the 'Ruyi' variety, and round and smooth leaves. The seedlings exhibit several advantages during vegetative growth. However, this variety grows slower than the ` Ruyi ` variety. In addition, when the color is developed by the medium-color leaves in the setting production under the Guangzhou climate condition, although the color spots are large, the color is not deep enough, the color is often pink, and the deep red color is difficult to develop.

Selecting a tissue culture seedling of the Roughtonia crassipes (Aglanonema spp.) of Jilihong in 11 months, planting, controlling water, and applying No. I fertilizer liquid in a low-temperature season after new roots grow out. And the No. II fertilizer is applied at the 3 rd month of the next year. And 8, beginning to use fertilizers III and IV to process color change in the middle ten days of the month. The result shows that compared with the control treatment, the method for treating the seedlings by the technology has the advantages that the plant shape of the seedlings is extended, the whole leaves become red, the color is darker red, and the effect is obviously superior to that of the conventional technology for culturing the seedlings by the control.

In the description herein, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that those skilled in the art may not make changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to the above embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The method for promoting the ornamental color display of the color-leaf coarse costal grass is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) using a fertilizer solution to promote the vegetative growth of the small seedlings of the spartina alterniflora linn according to seasons to build a beautiful plant shape, applying the fertilizer solution I in the seasons with the average temperature lower than 20 ℃ in winter and early spring, and applying the fertilizer solution II in the seasons with the average temperature higher than 20 ℃ from late spring to mid-autumn;

the fertilizer liquid I comprises the following components:

nitric acid and nitrogen: 4mmol/l

Ammonium nitrogen: 1mmol/l

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.5mmol/l

Potassium oxide: 2mmol/l

Ferrous sulfate: 0.1mmol/l

Calcium oxide: 1mmol/l

Magnesium sulfate: 0.5mmol/l

Brassinolide: 0.04 ppm;

and (3) fertilizer liquid II:

0.25 g of a flower multi-purpose compound fertilizer containing N-P2O5-K2O:20-20-20 and 0.45 g/L of potassium nitrate are used, 0.01ppm of brassinolide fertilizer solution is added, the mixture is irrigated once in 5-10 days, and the high humidity state of the culture substrate is kept;

(2) firstly, using a No. III nutrient solution and then using a No. IV nutrient solution to perform the induced transformation of the leaf surface of the good rough ribgrass potted plant formed by the plants in the step (1) from green to color leaves so as to promote the color leaf shape to show;

no. III nutrient solution comprises the following components:

potassium nitrate: 2.5mmol/l

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.125mmol/l

Calcium chloride: 1.6mmol/l

Potassium acetate: 4.8mmol/l

And (3) ferric citrate: 0.5mmol/l

Copper sulfate: 10umol/l

Brassinolide: 0.01ppm

Adjusting pH to 5.5-5.6 with acetic acid;

IV nutrient solution components:

ferulic acid: 1mmol/l

Caffeic acid: 1mmol/l

Phenylalanine 0.5mmol/l

L-methionine: 0.5mmol/l

Sucrose: 50g/l

Hydrolyzing soybean protein: 2g/l

Betaine: 10mmol/l

Tween 20: 0.1 percent of

Adjusting pH to 5.0-5.5 with acetic acid.