CN113951080B - Low-carbon treatment method for autumn flowering of rhododendron delavayi pot flowers in Yunnan province - Google Patents
Low-carbon treatment method for autumn flowering of rhododendron delavayi pot flowers in Yunnan province Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
A low-carbon treatment method for autumn flowering of rhododendron lapponicum in mid-Yunnan areas comprises the steps of selecting the rhododendron lapponicum with current annual branches and full flower buds on the branches, spraying a bactericide on the whole rhododendron lapponicum every 7-10 days, placing the rhododendron lapponicum in a refrigeration house at 3-4 ℃ for cold storage treatment in late 6 months, placing the rhododendron lapponicum in a greenhouse for maintenance, and during the maintenance period: and (3) building a sunshade net with the shading rate of 70%, spraying water every day, spraying 300-400 times of the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer every 10-12 days, maintaining for 4-6 weeks, and enabling the flower buds to open to reach the expected flowering target. The method enables the alpine rhododendron to bloom in 9-11 months in autumn of the same year under the condition of low energy consumption without heating treatment and light supplementation treatment, effectively prolongs the flowering period of the alpine rhododendron, provides more benefits for producers, and provides more choices for consumers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant flowering phase regulation, in particular to an autumn flower blooming technology of rhododendron lapponicum in Yunnan China.
Background
As a top-grade famous and precious flower, the alpine rhododendron has great heteroscedasticity in China for more than 20 years, especially in the evening. As the natural flowering period of the alpine rhododendron is 3-5 months, in order to realize the blooming of the alpine rhododendron in the afternoon and spring festival, the Chinese patent application for the method for promoting flowering in the alpine rhododendron in the cold area (CN102792847A, 2012.11.28) utilizes the advantages of climate resources in the cold area, and researches and develops the technology for promoting flowering in the alpine rhododendron in the cold area by comprehensive measures of spraying GA at low temperature outdoors and at low temperature indoors and heating and supplementing light; the method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of alpine rhododendron in winter (CN101243747A, 2008.08.20) realizes the flowering phase regulation and control of alpine rhododendron in winter by using a method of temperature storage at 10 ℃, greenhouse heating and light supplement of a Philips sodium lamp; a flower forcing process for alpine rhododendron (CN102612940A, 2012.08.01) is realized by four stages of low-temperature treatment, temperature change treatment, high-temperature flower forcing and room-temperature storage, and a flower forcing method for alpine rhododendron in spring festival (CN102124887A, 2011.07.20) realizes flower forcing in spring festival by controlling temperature, humidity, illumination and the like. However, the existing flower forcing measures for alpine rhododendron are all aimed at the market of the afternoon and spring festival (the annual night flower market) for 1-2 months. The flowering period of the alpine rhododendron is 25-30 days, the natural flowering time is 3-5 months, and the market blank period of the alpine rhododendron potted flower is the other time, such as 9-11 months. In addition, the existing flower forcing technology needs heating and light supplementing measures, and a large amount of energy consumption is consumed in the process. With global warming, low carbon production, carbon neutralization have become issues that manufacturers need to consider and implement.
The Yunnan province crosses 23 degrees 19 '-27 degrees 03' of north latitude, 100 degrees 43 '-104 degrees 50' of east longitude, and administrative districts including Kunming, Qujing, Chuxiong and Yuxi 4 city of Yunnan province. The region mainly takes mountainous regions and mountainous basin terrains, has gentle relief and belongs to subtropical plateau monsoon climate. The annual average air temperature in the region is 15.38 ℃, and the annual average precipitation is 894.59mm (Qioli et al, analysis of influence of climate change in Yunnan province on grain unit production, introduction of environmental science, 2017, 36(6), pages 5-10). The Yunnan region has warm and cool weather, dry weather and bright sunshine.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to prolong the time of coming into market of rhododendron lapponicum pot flowers, the invention provides a low-carbon treatment method for flowering of rhododendron lapponicum in mid-Yunnan areas in autumn on the premise of fully utilizing excellent climate resources of low-latitude and middle-latitude plateaus and adopting lower energy consumption.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-carbon treatment method for potted rhododendron in Yunnan province to bloom in autumn comprises the following steps:
(1) plant selection and treatment: selecting alpine rhododendron potted flowers which have no plant diseases and insect pests and have plant branch diameters of more than or equal to 0.5cm in the first or middle ten days of 6 months, spraying a bactericide on the whole plant of each alpine rhododendron potted flower once every 7-10 days, removing new branch buds in time during spraying the bactericide, stopping spraying the bactericide one day before warehousing the alpine rhododendron potted flowers for low-temperature treatment, simultaneously watering the flower pots thoroughly, and naturally drying all the plants and the surface moisture of the potted soil in the shade;
(2) warehousing and low-temperature treatment: in the last ten days of the 6 months in the step (1), putting the potted rhododendron lapponicum processed in the step (1) into a refrigeration house with the temperature of 3-4 ℃ for refrigeration treatment;
(3) maintaining the greenhouse: and (3) taking potted rhododendron lapponicum subjected to warehousing and low-temperature treatment in the step (2) out of the warehouse and putting the potted rhododendron lapponicum into a greenhouse for maintenance in the period of 4-6 weeks in 9-11 months of the same year at the time of the step (1) in the first 4-6 weeks of the target flowering time, wherein the maintenance period is as follows: a sunshade net with the shading rate of 70% is built above potted rhododendrons, the whole plant of each pot of rhododendrons is sprayed with water once in the morning, in the middle of the day and in the evening, 300-400 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed once every 10-12 days, and buds of the potted rhododendrons open to reach the expected flowering target during greenhouse maintenance.
Further, the bactericide in the step (1) is a 20% prochloraz aqueous emulsion with 1000-1500 times of the amount of the bactericide.
Further, the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer in the step (3) contains amino acid more than or equal to 110g/L, manganese more than or equal to 12g/L and zinc more than or equal to 12 g/L.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the natural climate characteristic of Yunnan region for the first time to carry out the flowering treatment of alpine rhododendron in autumn. By adopting the method, under the condition of low energy consumption without heating treatment and light supplementation treatment, the flowering period (1-5 months per year) of the alpine rhododendron in the prior art is prolonged, namely the alpine rhododendron can bloom in 9-11 months without flowering, the commodity sale period of the alpine rhododendron is effectively prolonged, more benefits are provided for producers, more choices are provided for consumers, and the method plays a good role in promoting the improvement of social and economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The following examples are all implemented in Kunming City, Yunnan province, China.
Example 1 (target flowering time in 11 months 1-29 days 2020)
1.1 plant selection and treatment: selecting strong and disease and pest-free rhododendron alpinum potted flowers in 12 days 6 months in 2020, wherein the strong growth refers to that the plant branches are thick and strong, namely the diameter of the plant branches is more than or equal to 0.5cm, leaves have no disease spots or pests, at least 1 branch of the plant on each rhododendron alpinum is the current-year branch, and the current-year branch is provided with at least 1 compact and full flower bud which refers to that the flower buds are hard, have no soft feeling when being pinched by hands and are not shrunken. In this embodiment 1, 4 to 7 current-year branches are arranged on each pot of alpine rose potted flowers, 4 to 8 compact and full flower buds are arranged on each current-year branch of each pot of alpine rose, a 20% prochloraz water emulsion of 1500 times liquid is sprayed on the whole plant of each pot of alpine rose every 7 days to moisten all the plants of alpine rose, new branch buds are removed in time during spraying of the prochloraz, spraying of the prochloraz is stopped one day before the alpine rose potted flower is put into storage for low-temperature treatment, water is sprayed into a flowerpot, the water is sprayed into the flowerpot until the bottom of the flowerpot yields water, and then the surface moisture of all the plants and the surface moisture of the pot soil are ensured to be naturally dried.
1.2 warehousing and low-temperature treatment: refrigerating rhododendron delavayi pot flower in a refrigerator with the temperature of 3 ℃ in 25 months 6 in 2020.
1.3 greenhouse maintenance: the target flowering time is 1-29 days 11 months in 2020, potted rhododendron lapponicum subjected to warehousing low-temperature treatment is taken out of a warehouse and put into a greenhouse for maintenance in two batches of 4 days 10 months in 2020 and 25 days 10 months in 2020 in 4-6 weeks before the target flowering time, the maintenance time in the greenhouse is 4-6 weeks, and the maintenance period is as follows: a sunshade net with shading rate of 70% is built above potted rhododendron, water is sprayed to the whole potted rhododendron once every morning (8:00-11:00), noon (13:00-14:00) and evening (16:00-17:00), and all plants of rhododendron are moistened by spraying water each time. Spraying 400 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer every 12 days to moisten all the plants of rhododendron lapponicum. The amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is a commercially available Sengdong 'green ratio' brand amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (water aqua) (formal registration number: agricultural fertilizer (2014) standard 3632), the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer contains more than or equal to 110g/L, the manganese contains more than or equal to 12g/L, and the zinc contains more than or equal to 12 g/L. During the greenhouse maintenance period, the flower buds of potted rhododendron lapponicum continuously open to achieve the expected flowering target.
In this example 1, the target flowering time is 11 months and 1-29 days in 2020, potted rhododendron alpinum plants are selected and treated at 12 days in 6 months and 6 months in 2020, and stored at low temperature for low-temperature treatment at 25 days in 6 months in 2020, potted rhododendron alpinum subjected to storage low-temperature treatment is taken out of a warehouse and placed in a greenhouse for maintenance at 4 days in 10 months and 25 days in 10 months in 2020 in two batches in 4 weeks before the target flowering time, and buds on potted rhododendron alpinum maintained in the greenhouse at 4 days in 10 months and 4 days in 2020 continuously bloom in 1 day in 11 months and 15 days in 11 months and 2020 in 15 days in 2020, namely, the flowers bloom is maintained in the greenhouse for 4-6 weeks; the flower buds on potted rhododendron alpinum maintained in the greenhouse in 10-25 th of 2020 bloom successively in 22 th of 11-29 th of 2020, namely in 4-5 weeks after greenhouse maintenance.
Example 2 (target flowering time in 2021, 9 months 1-27 days)
Example 2 the following measures are different, and the remaining measures are the same as those in example 1 and are not repeated.
2.1 plant selection and treatment: and 6-9 current-year branches are arranged on the selected rhododendron lapponicum pot at 1/6/2021, 6-9 compact and full buds are arranged on each current-year branch, and 20% prochloraz aqueous emulsion of 1000 times of liquid is sprayed on the whole plant of each rhododendron lapponicum pot every 7 days to moisten all the plants of the rhododendron lapponicum.
2.2 warehousing and low-temperature treatment: refrigerating rhododendron delavayi potted flower in a refrigerator with temperature of 3 deg.C in 2021, 6 months and 25 days.
2.3 greenhouse maintenance: in this example 2, the target flowering time is 1 to 27 days at 9 months in 2021, potted rhododendron lapponicum subjected to warehousing and low-temperature treatment is taken out of the warehouse and put into a greenhouse for maintenance in two batches at 4 days at 8 months in 2021 and 16 days at 8 months in 2021 in 4 to 6 weeks, and all the plants of rhododendron lapponicum are moistened by spraying 300 times of aqueous amino acid-containing fertilizer every 10 days, wherein the aqueous amino acid-containing fertilizer is the same as that in example 1, and the buds of potted rhododendron lapponicum continuously open during greenhouse maintenance, so that the expected flowering target is achieved.
In this example 2, the target flowering time is 1 to 27 days at 9 months in 2021, potted rhododendron alpinum plants are selected and treated at 1 day at 6 months in 2021, and put in a warehouse for low-temperature treatment at 25 days at 6 months in 2021, and the potted rhododendron alpinum flowers put in the warehouse for low-temperature treatment are taken out of the warehouse and put in a greenhouse for maintenance at 4 days at 8 months in 2021 and 16 days at 8 months in 2021 for 4 days at 8 months in 2021 in two batches respectively, and the buds on the potted rhododendron alpinum flowers maintained in the greenhouse at 8 months in 2021 bloom successively bloom at 9 months 1 to 15 days at 9 months in 2021 for 9 months and 15 days in 2021 for 4 months in 2021, i.e., the flowers bloom in 4 to 6 weeks under greenhouse maintenance; the flower buds on potted rhododendron within the greenhouse maintained in 8 and 16 days in 2021 are sequentially bloomed in 9 and 13 days in 2021 and 9 and 27 days in 2021, namely bloomed in 4-6 weeks in the greenhouse maintenance.
Example 3 (target flowering time in 2021, 10 months 1-25 days)
Example 3 the following measures are the same as in example 1, and are not repeated.
3.1 plant selection and treatment: and 5-9 current-year branches are arranged on the selected rhododendron lapponicum pot flowers at 1/6/2021, 5-9 compact and full buds are arranged on each current-year branch of each rhododendron lapponicum pot, and 1200 times of 20% prochloraz aqueous emulsion is sprayed on the whole plant of each rhododendron lapponicum pot every 7 days to moisten all plants of the rhododendron lapponicum.
3.2 warehousing and low-temperature treatment: refrigerating rhododendron delavayi potted flower in a refrigerator with temperature of 4 deg.C in 2021 year, 6 months and 23 days.
3.3, greenhouse maintenance: the target flowering time is 1-25 days at 10 months in 2021, potted rhododendron lapponicum subjected to warehousing low-temperature treatment is taken out of a warehouse and put into a greenhouse for maintenance in two batches of 4-6 days at 9 months in 2021 and 3 days at 9 months in 2021, and 20 days at 9 months in 2021, all plants of rhododendron lapponicum are moistened by spraying 300 times of aqueous amino acid-containing fertilizer once every 11 days, the aqueous amino acid-containing fertilizer is the same as that in example 1, and buds of potted rhododendron lapponicum continuously open during greenhouse maintenance, so that the expected flowering target is achieved.
In this example 3, the target flowering time is 1 to 25 days at 10 months in 2021, potted rhododendron alpinum plants are selected and treated at 1 day at 6 months in 2021, and are put in a warehouse for low-temperature treatment at 23 days at 6 months in 2021, and the potted rhododendron alpinum flowers put in a warehouse for low-temperature treatment are taken out of the warehouse for maintenance in 3 days at 9 months in 2021 and 20 days at 9 months in 2021 for 20 days at 4 to 6 weeks before the target flowering time, and the buds on the potted rhododendron alpinum maintained in the greenhouse at 9 months and 3 days in 2021 successively bloom at 10 months in 2021 to 15 days at 10 months in 2021 for 10 days and 10 months in 2021 for 15 days, that is, the plants are maintained in the greenhouse for 4 to 6 weeks to bloom; the flower buds on potted rhododendron within the greenhouse maintained in 20 days 9 and 2021 successively bloom in 18 days 10 and 2021 days 10 and 25 days 10 and 2021 in the greenhouse maintained for 4-5 weeks.
By the invention, the rhododendron alpinum can be promoted to bloom in Yunnan region within 9-11 months on the basis of less energy consumption without heating treatment and light supplementation treatment. The energy consumption of the process of the invention is compared with that of the prior art in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 comparison of energy consumption for natural flowering and spring flowering of alpine rhododendrons with flowering according to the invention
Claims (3)
1. A low-carbon treatment method for potted rhododendron in Yunnan province to bloom in autumn is characterized in that,
(1) plant selection and treatment: selecting alpine rhododendron potted flowers which have no plant diseases and insect pests and have plant branch diameters of more than or equal to 0.5cm in the first or middle ten days of 6 months, spraying a bactericide on the whole plant of each alpine rhododendron potted flower once every 7-10 days, removing new branch buds in time during spraying the bactericide, stopping spraying the bactericide one day before warehousing the alpine rhododendron potted flowers for low-temperature treatment, simultaneously watering the flower pots thoroughly, and naturally drying all the plants and the surface moisture of the potted soil in the shade;
(2) warehousing and low-temperature treatment: in the last ten days of the 6 months in the step (1), putting the potted rhododendron lapponicum processed in the step (1) into a refrigeration house with the temperature of 3-4 ℃ for refrigeration treatment;
(3) maintaining the greenhouse: and (3) taking potted rhododendron lapponicum subjected to warehousing and low-temperature treatment in the step (2) out of the warehouse and putting the potted rhododendron lapponicum into a greenhouse for maintenance in the period of 4-6 weeks in 9-11 months of the same year at the time of the step (1) in the first 4-6 weeks of the target flowering time, wherein the maintenance period is as follows: a sunshade net with the shading rate of 70% is built above potted rhododendrons, the whole plant of each pot of rhododendrons is sprayed with water in the morning, in the middle of the day and in the evening, 300-400 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed every 10-12 days, and buds of the potted rhododendrons open to reach the expected flowering target during greenhouse maintenance.
2. The low-carbon treatment method for autumn flowering of rhododendron delavayi in Yunnan province according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide in the step (1) is a 20% prochloraz aqueous emulsion with 1000-1500 times of liquid.
3. The low-carbon treatment method for autumn flowering of rhododendron delavayi in Yunnan province according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer in the step (3) contains amino acids of more than or equal to 110g/L, manganese of more than or equal to 12g/L and zinc of more than or equal to 12 g/L.
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