CN110972786B - Flowering phase regulation and control method for camellia - Google Patents
Flowering phase regulation and control method for camellia Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972786B CN110972786B CN201911250727.4A CN201911250727A CN110972786B CN 110972786 B CN110972786 B CN 110972786B CN 201911250727 A CN201911250727 A CN 201911250727A CN 110972786 B CN110972786 B CN 110972786B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of camellia. The method comprises the steps of selection of camellia varieties and camellia of the proper age, low-temperature refrigeration treatment, seedling revival treatment and flower forcing treatment, wherein strain preparations are applied to the camellia at the low-temperature refrigeration and flower forcing stages, accumulation of nutrient contents in plants is promoted at the low-temperature refrigeration stage, and the camellia is subjected to ethylene smoking treatment at the seedling revival stage, so that the camellia can be promoted to gradually recover to a normal growth state from a dormancy state, and is rapidly converted from a nutritional growth stage to a reproductive growth stage, the flowering stage of the camellia comes ahead of time, the flowering of the camellia is promoted to be neat at a catalysis stage, the flowering stage is prolonged, and the quality of the camellia is promoted; according to the method, the growth, development and flowering rules of the camellia are broken through artificial regulation, so that the camellia can bloom according to the demands of customers and markets, and the precise regulation and control on the flowering phase of the potted camellia produced in an industrialized and large-scale mode are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of woody ornamental plant cultivation, in particular to a flowering phase regulation method of camellia.
Background
Camellia belongs to the genus Camellia (Camellia) of Theaceae, and is famous traditional flower in China and famous and precious ornamental flower in the world. The potted flower has the advantages of gorgeous and changeable flower color, beautiful flower appearance, pale green leaves, no withering in winter, is deeply loved by people, and is an important household potted flower in winter, spring and during spring festival.
At present, the pot flower production of camellia in China reaches a larger scale, but the varieties which are concentrated on coming into the market during the spring festival are few, and the pot flower production mainly comprises early flower varieties such as red lead, strong fragrance, large peony with Kreist and the like. The natural florescence of the camellia is 12 months to 4 months in the next year, the florescence of most varieties is 3 months, and the potted flowers sold in the market are mainly supplied 1-2 months before the spring festival. However, different varieties of tea flowers have different flowering time and different environmental responses, and how to match with the festival and late-year flower markets such as national celebration, New year's day, spring festival and the like, the tea flowers can flower according to the demands of customers and the market, and the accurate regulation and control of the flowering phase of the potted tea flowers produced in an industrialized and large-scale mode are realized, so that the method has important significance for the festival flower market.
In the prior art, various flower formation induction routes have been found, mainly: vernalization approach, photoperiod approach and gibberellin approach, but the methods all need to start processing the camellia 2 months or even more than half a year before the flowering day, the tedious and lengthy culture time greatly increases the labor and culture cost, if the flowering phase of the camellia can be regulated and controlled by adopting a simple and practical technology with convenient operation, so that the flowering phase of the camellia rapidly arrives, and the camellia is regularly opened in the preset time, the commodity value of potted camellia can be greatly improved, and the method has important significance for regulating the industrial structure of the camellia and increasing the planting income of the camellia.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of camellia, which can realize the flowering of the camellia within about one month of treatment time and save the artificial culture cost.
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of camellia, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting camellia varieties and camellia at proper age, selecting potted camellia with more than 3 branches, more than 3 flower buds contained in a single plant, consistent flower bud sizes and no plant diseases and insect pests 33-43 days before a target flowering period according to a target flowering date;
step two: and (2) low-temperature refrigeration treatment, namely placing the selected potted camellia into a refrigeration house with the temperature of 4-6 ℃, refrigerating and preserving for 18-23 days, supplementing light by using a high-pressure sodium lamp during the low-temperature refrigeration treatment to control the illumination to be 8000-10000 lx, keeping the pot soil moist, keeping the relative humidity of the air in the refrigeration house to be 45% -55%, and irrigating the camellia by adopting 25-35% of microbial liquid in the low-temperature refrigeration treatment process, wherein the microbial liquid comprises the following strains: 25 parts of bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of bacillus megatherium, 15 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 20 parts of azotobacter chroococcum and 15 parts of bacillus licheniformis;
step three: the method comprises the following steps of (1) seedling revival treatment, namely placing potted camellia subjected to low-temperature refrigeration treatment into a flower forcing greenhouse for rejuvenation treatment, wherein the seedling revival treatment time is 3-5 days, during the seedling revival treatment, the daytime illumination intensity is controlled to be 20000-30000 lx, the daytime temperature is controlled to be 10-18 ℃, the nighttime temperature is controlled to be 8-12 ℃, pot soil is kept moist, the relative air humidity is kept to be 60-80%, and after the rejuvenation is finished, the next step of flower forcing treatment is carried out;
step four: flower forcing treatment, namely regulating and controlling the illumination intensity, temperature and air relative humidity in a flower forcing greenhouse and carrying out water management, wherein the illumination intensity is maintained between 35000 and 55000lx every 8 hours, and the rest time is natural light; controlling the temperature to be between 20 and 28 ℃ in the daytime and 12 to 15 ℃ at night; the relative humidity of air is controlled between 60% and 85%; watering according to the principle that the pot soil is not dry and is not watered and the water is thoroughly watered, and spraying water to the leaf surface once every day; the flower forcing treatment is carried out for 12-15 days, the requirements of commercial potted flowers sold on the market are met, and 2-10% of pseudomonas fermentation liquor is adopted to irrigate camellia in the flower forcing process;
and alternately spraying the plant with thiophanate methyl solution and chlorothalonil solution every 7 days during the seedling revival treatment and the flower forcing treatment.
Preferably, in the first step, the camellia is watered once a month by adopting 2-10% of microbial liquid before the culture of the camellia;
preferably, the preparation process of the pseudomonas agent in the step four comprises the following steps: inoculating the pseudomonas subjected to the activation culture of the slant culture medium into a prepared fermentation culture medium, and centrifuging at 1500-2000rpm after culturing for 5-7 days at 30-35 ℃ to obtain pseudomonas fermentation liquid;
preparing a culture medium: 20 parts of cane sugar, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 20 parts of peptone, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 1000 parts of water;
preferably, in the third seedling rejuvenation treatment process, ethephon is adopted to atomize the camellia for 10min every 24h, and the ethephon smoking concentration is 100ml per 10 square meters;
preferably, in the flower forcing treatment process in the fourth step, the gibberellin solution of 1-3ml/L is adopted to spray the camellia every 24 hours;
the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, a certain amount of microbial agents are poured and applied regularly in the camellia planting process, microorganisms can generate nutrient substances required by plant growth, accumulation of the nutrient substances in the camellia is increased, the camellia can be opened regularly in the later period, a nutrient basis is provided for prolonging the flowering phase, and then the camellia needing flowering phase adjustment is placed in a refrigeration house at the temperature of 4-6 ℃ for refrigeration so as to enable the camellia to be in forced dormancy.
The potted camellia after the forced dormancy through the low-temperature refrigeration needs to be subjected to seedling revival treatment after being transferred into a flower forcing greenhouse so as to prevent seedling flashing, the ethephon fumigation treatment on the camellia in the seedling revival stage can promote the camellia to gradually recover to a normal growth state from the dormancy state, and the camellia is rapidly converted from a vegetative growth stage to a reproductive growth stage, so that the flowering phase of the camellia comes ahead of time;
after the camellia is subjected to flower forcing gradually in a greenhouse environment, flower forcing treatment can be started until buds develop color or bloom, plant growth hormone can be generated in the fermentation culture process of pseudomonas to stimulate plant growth, and meanwhile, the pseudomonas fermentation liquor is rich in auxin substances such as indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid and the like, so that the blooming of the camellia can be accelerated and promoted;
during the tea flower seedling recovering and flower forcing treatment period, the air humidity is high, the plants are easy to be infected with diseases, so that the methyl thiophanate solution and the chlorothalonil solution are alternately sprayed on the plants, and the influence of the tea flower quality caused by the tea flower infection is avoided.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following specific examples are further illustrated.
Example 1
Taking a camellia variety 'huaxianzi' as an example, the technical scheme of the invention is further explained, the 'huaxianzi' camellia variety has a normal flowering phase of 2 months, and a target flowering phase: 1 month and 1 day;
the microbial liquid comprises the following strains: 25 parts of bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of bacillus megatherium, 15 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 20 parts of azotobacter chroococcum and 15 parts of bacillus licheniformis;
preparation of a pseudomonas culture medium: 20 parts of cane sugar, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 20 parts of peptone, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 1000 parts of water;
preparing a microbial liquid: uniformly mixing 25 parts of bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of bacillus megatherium, 15 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 20 parts of azotobacter chroococcum and 15 parts of bacillus licheniformis, and adding water to prepare liquid bacteria liquid with the concentration of 10% and liquid bacteria liquid with the concentration of 25% respectively;
preparing pseudomonas fermentation liquor: inoculating the Bacillus licheniformis subjected to slant culture medium activation culture into a prepared fermentation culture medium, culturing at 30-35 deg.C for 5-7 days, centrifuging at 1500-2000rpm to obtain Pseudomonas culture solution, and diluting with water to obtain 10% bacterial solution;
the method comprises the following steps: selecting camellia varieties and camellia at proper age, selecting 30 pots of potted camellia with more than 3 branches, more than 3 flower buds in a single plant, consistent flower buds and no diseases and insect pests in 43 days before a target flowering period according to a required flowering date;
step two: low-temperature refrigeration treatment, namely placing the selected potted camellia into a refrigeration house with the temperature of 4-6 ℃, refrigerating and preserving for 23 days, supplementing light by using a high-pressure sodium lamp during the low-temperature refrigeration treatment to control the illumination to be 8000-10000 lx, keeping the pot soil moist, keeping the relative humidity of the air in the refrigeration house to be 45% -55%, and irrigating the camellia by adopting 25% of microbial liquid in the low-temperature refrigeration treatment process;
step three: seedling rejuvenation treatment: placing potted camellia subjected to low-temperature refrigeration treatment in a flower forcing greenhouse for seedling revival treatment, wherein the seedling revival treatment time is 5 days, during the seedling revival treatment period, the illumination intensity in the daytime is controlled to be 20000-30000 lx, the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 10-18 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 8-12 ℃, the pot soil is kept moist, the relative humidity of air is kept to be 60-80%, and after the seedling revival is finished, the next flower forcing treatment is carried out;
step four: flower forcing treatment: regulating and controlling the illumination intensity, the temperature and the air relative humidity in the flower forcing greenhouse, carrying out moisture management, ensuring that the illumination intensity is 35000-55000 lx every day for 8 hours, and obtaining natural light in the rest time; controlling the temperature to be between 20 and 28 ℃ in the daytime and controlling the temperature to be between 15 ℃ at night; the relative humidity of air is controlled between 60% and 85%; watering according to the principle that the pot soil is not dry and is not watered and the water is thoroughly watered, and spraying water to the leaf surface once every day; the flower forcing treatment is carried out for 15 days, the requirements of commercial potted flowers sold on the market are met, and 10% of pseudomonas fermentation liquor is adopted to irrigate camellia in the flower forcing process;
and alternately spraying the plant with thiophanate methyl solution and chlorothalonil solution every 7 days during the seedling revival treatment and the flower forcing treatment.
Example 2
The camellia variety 'Huaxianzi' is watered once by adopting 10% of microbial liquid every month in daily cultivation of one year before flower forcing;
the method comprises the following steps: selecting camellia varieties and camellia at proper age, selecting 30 pots of potted camellia with more than 3 branches, more than 3 flower buds in a single plant, consistent flower buds and no diseases and insect pests 33 days before a target flowering period according to a required flowering date;
step two: low-temperature refrigeration treatment, namely placing the selected potted camellia into a refrigeration house with the temperature of 4-6 ℃, refrigerating and preserving for 18 days, supplementing light by using a high-pressure sodium lamp during the low-temperature refrigeration treatment to control the illumination to be 8000-10000 lx, keeping the pot soil moist, keeping the relative humidity of the air in the refrigeration house to be 45% -55%, and irrigating the camellia by adopting 25% of microbial liquid in the low-temperature refrigeration treatment process;
step three: seedling rejuvenation treatment: placing potted camellia subjected to low-temperature refrigeration treatment in a flower forcing greenhouse for seedling revival treatment, wherein the seedling revival treatment time is 3 days, during the seedling revival treatment period, the illumination intensity in the daytime is controlled to be 20000-30000 lx, the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 10-18 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 8-12 ℃, the pot soil is kept moist, the relative humidity of air is kept to be 60-80%, and after the seedling revival is finished, the next flower forcing treatment is carried out;
step four: flower forcing treatment: regulating and controlling the illumination intensity, the temperature and the air relative humidity in the flower forcing greenhouse, carrying out moisture management, ensuring that the illumination intensity is 35000-55000 lx every day for 8 hours, and obtaining natural light in the rest time; controlling the temperature to be between 20 and 28 ℃ in the daytime and controlling the temperature to be between 15 ℃ at night; the relative humidity of air is controlled between 60% and 85%; watering according to the principle that the pot soil is not dry and is not watered and the water is thoroughly watered, and spraying water to the leaf surface once every day; the flower forcing treatment is carried out for 12 days, the requirements of commercial potted flowers on sale are met, and 10% of pseudomonas fermentation liquor is adopted to irrigate the camellia in the flower forcing process;
example 3
The same as example 1, except that in the third seedling rejuvenation treatment step, the atomization treatment is carried out on the camellia for 10min by ethephon every 24h, and the ethephon smoking concentration is 100ml per 10 square meters.
Example 4
The difference from example 3 is that in the preparation of the Pseudomonas culture medium, every 12h, the power of a UV-C lamp tube is 12W, the irradiation distance is 50cm, and the irradiation time is 30 s.
Example 5
The difference is that in the flower forcing treatment process in the fourth step, the gibberellin solution with the concentration of 1-3ml/L is sprayed on the camellia every 24 hours.
Example 6
The difference from example 5 is that before the flower forcing treatment in step four, the area of the bud tip with a diameter of about 2mm is cut off by a single-sided knife, the medical cotton is dipped with gibberellin solution and evenly covered on the cut, and the cut is taken down after being dried.
Example 7
The same as example 1, the difference is that the camellia variety 'flower fairy' is watered once by 2-10% of microbial liquid every month in the daily cultivation of one year before flower forcing; the low-temperature refrigeration treatment time is 18 days, the seedling revival treatment time is 3 days, and the flowering acceleration treatment time is 12 days;
comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the step two adopts the conventional tap water to water the camellia;
comparative example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that the camellia is watered by adopting the conventional tap water in the step four;
comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the step two and the step four adopt the conventional tap water to water the camellia;
comparative example 4
The difference from the example 1 is that the low-temperature refrigeration treatment stage of the step two is changed into the conventional culture condition, and only the pouring of the microbial liquid is carried out for 23 days;
comparative example 5
The same as example 4 except that the UV-C irradiation time was 1 min;
after the culture is finished, the flowering conditions of examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-5 are counted, and the statistical results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 statistics of flowering of Camellia sinensis in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-6
| Number of opened flowerpots | Number of opened flowerpots | ||
| Example 1 | 19 | Example 7 | 30 |
| Example 2 | 21 | Comparative example 1 | 8 |
| Example 3 | 21 | Comparative example 2 | 10 |
| Example 4 | 23 | Comparative example 3 | 6 |
| Example 5 | 25 | Comparative example 4 | 0 |
| Example 6 | 28 | Comparative example 5 | 7 |
The metabolic products generated by the mixed strains under the low-temperature condition can promote the camellia to enter a rapid dormancy state, shorten the low-temperature dormancy time of the camellia, and change the growth and development state of the camellia in a short period; ultraviolet irradiation can destroy the molecular structure of DNA or RNA in microbial organism cells to cause growth cell death and/or regenerative cell death, however, the invention carries out low-intensity short-time ultraviolet irradiation treatment on the fermentation culture growth stage of pseudomonas, on one hand, the ultraviolet irradiation treatment is used as light supplement to ensure that the flower color is bright, on the other hand, the invention promotes the growth condition of pseudomonas to change, and accelerates the generation of growth stimulating substance gibberellin, thereby promoting the camellia to bloom in a short time, and spraying gibberellin solution in the flower forcing stage can promote the growth of camellia, so that the flowering phase of camellia comes ahead;
the technical effects achieved by the low-temperature refrigeration treatment, the seedling reviving period, the flower forcing treatment and the combined action of the strain fermentation liquor can not achieve good flower forcing effect by singly performing the low-temperature refrigeration treatment or the flower forcing treatment, and singly applying the strain fermentation liquor, and meanwhile, in the experimental process, the fact that the flower forcing effect of the camellia can be improved by applying gibberellin to buds in the flower forcing stage is discovered, the flower period regulation and control measures for the camellia in the traditional low-temperature refrigeration treatment and hormone spraying are long in culture time, and due to the fact that insufficient substance supply is applied to plants in the flower forcing process, the camellia is fast stepped into the aging stage after the camellia is flowered and step into the reproductive growth stage, the flower period of the camellia is short and is not beneficial to rejuvenation in the second year, but the problems of the camellia regulated and controlled by the flower period regulation and control method in the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 7 do not occur, the reason for this is probably that the microorganism irrigated into the camellia is the nutrient substance needed by the camellia growth, and the nutrient substance accumulation in advance of the camellia flowering phase is enhanced, so that the nutrient substance supply deficiency caused by flower forcing is reduced, the rapid aging of the camellia is not caused while the arrival of the camellia flowering phase is accelerated, and meanwhile, the time for flowering phase regulation can be obviously shortened by irrigating the microorganism liquid in the daily cultivation process before flowering phase regulation.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A flowering phase regulation method of camellia is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting camellia varieties and camellia at proper age, selecting potted camellia with more than 3 branches, more than 3 flower buds contained in a single plant, consistent flower bud sizes and no plant diseases and insect pests 33-43 days before a target flowering period according to a target flowering date;
step two: and (2) low-temperature refrigeration treatment, namely placing the selected potted camellia into a refrigeration house with the temperature of 4-6 ℃, refrigerating and preserving for 18-23 days, supplementing light by using a high-pressure sodium lamp during the low-temperature refrigeration treatment to control the illumination to be 8000-10000 lx, keeping the pot soil moist, keeping the relative humidity of the air in the refrigeration house to be 45% -55%, and irrigating the camellia by adopting 25-35% of microbial liquid in the low-temperature refrigeration treatment process, wherein the microbial liquid comprises the following strains: 25 parts of bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of bacillus megatherium, 15 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 20 parts of azotobacter chroococcum and 15 parts of bacillus licheniformis;
step three: the method comprises the following steps of (1) seedling revival treatment, namely placing potted camellia subjected to low-temperature refrigeration treatment into a flower forcing greenhouse for rejuvenation treatment, wherein the seedling revival treatment time is 3-5 days, during the seedling revival treatment, the daytime illumination intensity is controlled to be 20000-30000 lx, the daytime temperature is controlled to be 10-18 ℃, the nighttime temperature is controlled to be 8-12 ℃, pot soil is kept moist, the relative air humidity is kept to be 60-80%, and after the rejuvenation is finished, the next step of flower forcing treatment is carried out;
step four: flower forcing treatment, namely regulating and controlling the illumination intensity, temperature and air relative humidity in a flower forcing greenhouse and carrying out water management, wherein the illumination intensity is maintained between 35000 and 55000lx every 8 hours, and the rest time is natural light; controlling the temperature to be between 20 and 28 ℃ in the daytime and 12 to 15 ℃ at night; the relative humidity of air is controlled between 60% and 85%; watering according to the principle that the pot soil is not dry and is not watered and the water is thoroughly watered, and spraying water to the leaf surface once every day; the flower forcing treatment is carried out for 12-15 days, the requirements of commercial potted flowers sold on the market are met, and 2-10% of pseudomonas fermentation liquor is adopted to irrigate camellia in the flower forcing process;
step one, watering the camellia once a month in the previous year by adopting 2-10% of microbial liquid;
atomizing the camellia for 10min by ethephon every 24h in the seedling reviving treatment process, wherein the ethephon smoking concentration is 100ml per 10 square meters;
and in the flower forcing treatment process of the fourth step, the gibberellin solution of 1-3ml/L is sprayed on the camellia every 24 hours.
2. The method for regulating the flowering phase of camellia according to claim 1, wherein the pseudomonas preparation process in the fourth step comprises the following steps: inoculating the pseudomonas subjected to the activation culture of the slant culture medium into a prepared fermentation culture medium, and centrifuging at 1500-2000rpm after culturing for 5-7 days at 30-35 ℃ to obtain pseudomonas fermentation liquid;
preparing a culture medium: 20 parts of sucrose, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 20 parts of peptone, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 1000 parts of water.
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