CN115500167A - Method for inducing phalaenopsis flower stalks to germinate and bloom early by utilizing triiodobenzoic acid - Google Patents
Method for inducing phalaenopsis flower stalks to germinate and bloom early by utilizing triiodobenzoic acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN115500167A CN115500167A CN202211283607.6A CN202211283607A CN115500167A CN 115500167 A CN115500167 A CN 115500167A CN 202211283607 A CN202211283607 A CN 202211283607A CN 115500167 A CN115500167 A CN 115500167A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for inducing moth orchid pedicel to early germinate and bloom by utilizing triiodobenzoic acid, which comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out nutritional growth of phalaenopsis amabilis under a greenhouse condition, and placing the phalaenopsis amabilis in a greenhouse after 4-5 mature leaves are reached; step two, preparing triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 50-200 mg/L; step three, triiodobenzoic acid treatment: during spraying, the environment of a spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity change and no interference of diseases and insect pests, triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution is sprayed to the leaves of the phalaenopsis at intervals of 7 to 10 days, and the spraying state is based on the dropping liquid of the leaves and is treated for 2 to 6 times; and step four, performing normal fertilizer and water management on the treated phalaenopsis, and avoiding the water contact of the leaves within 2 days after treatment. The method is simple and easy to control, has low cost, can promote the early germination of the pedicel when applied to the large-scale production of the phalaenopsis, saves the production cost of a greenhouse, reasonably regulates and controls the flowering period and annual production of the phalaenopsis flowering products, and has wide popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for inducing the early germination and flowering of a phalaenopsis flower stalk by utilizing triiodobenzoic acid, belonging to the technical field of orchid flowering phase regulation and control.
Background
The butterfly orchid has high ornamental value and commercial value as a greenhouse flower widely cultivated at home and abroad, and becomes one of important annual flower and four-season flower supply at home. The reasonable control of the blooming of the phalaenopsis is a key technology for the large-scale production of potted flowers and cut flower products. At present, the butterfly orchid is mainly produced by adopting greenhouse cooling or high mountain flower forcing technology for flowering induction, and the prior art has high requirements on facility conditions and high greenhouse cooling cost, so that the production cost and the product price of the butterfly orchid are overhigh. In recent years, with the gradual increase of daily consumption, the problem that the annual flowering technology of the phalaenopsis is not mature is further amplified, and the production development and the benefit improvement of the phalaenopsis are restricted.
Because the phalaenopsis is native to tropical regions, the growth temperature is suitable for high, the period from vegetative growth to flowering is long, the phalaenopsis usually needs about 18 months after field planting to bloom, the nutrition needs to be fully accumulated, the phalaenopsis needs to be subjected to low-temperature treatment to induce flowering, the cooling cost is high, and the temperature is one of important factors influencing the phalaenopsis to flower. In order to reduce the cost of flower forcing of the butterfly orchid and adapt to the festival and seasonal requirements of flower consumption in China, a novel low-cost flowering phase regulation and control technology is established, and the precise flowering phase regulation and control is one of key technologies influencing large-scale production of the butterfly orchid.
Research shows that the plant hormone and the growth regulator play an important role in the flowering of phalaenopsis. The plant growth regulator and the like have been successfully applied to various plants in the aspect of flowering phase regulation, and can be used as one of main means for low-cost and accurate flowering phase regulation. Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) acts as an auxin inhibitor, affects the growth and development of plants, and has the effects of promoting flowering and inducing flower bud formation at an appropriate concentration. At present, triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) is mainly used for inhibiting the top growth of plants, dwarfing the plants, promoting the growth of lateral buds and tillers and improving the yield and quality of products, but the application effect of the triiodobenzoic acid in orchidaceae flowers such as butterfly orchid is not reported yet. In the flowering process of the phalaenopsis, early-stage nutrient accumulation and later-stage growth inhibition play an important role in starting flowering, and different varieties of the phalaenopsis have different sensitivities to different growth regulators and also have different effects due to application concentration differences.
At present, relevant patents disclosed in the butterfly orchid florescence regulation and control aspect mainly aim at regulating temperature, illumination, water and fertilizer conditions and the like, such as the butterfly orchid florescence regulation and control method disclosed in patent publication No. CN 102017860A. However, the defects of controlling the blooming of the phalaenopsis by environmental factors and nutritional conditions are mainly high cost, difficult control, complex operation and the like; if the flowering can be induced by using growth regulators and the like, the effect is relatively stable, the cost is low, and the operation is simple.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for inducing the flower stalk of the phalaenopsis to germinate and bloom early by utilizing triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), which can shorten the flower forcing time and improve the flower forcing efficiency, is simple and easy to control in operation, and can solve the problems of over-high flower forcing cost, immature annual flowering technology and the like in the existing production of the phalaenopsis.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the flower stalk of phalaenopsis by utilizing triiodobenzoic acid comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out nutritional growth of phalaenopsis amabilis under a greenhouse condition, and placing the phalaenopsis amabilis in a greenhouse after 4-5 mature leaves are obtained;
step two, preparing triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 50-200 mg/L;
step three, triiodobenzoic acid treatment: during spraying, the environment of a spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity change, and no interference of diseases and insect pests, triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution is sprayed to the butterfly orchid leaves every 7 to 10 days, and the spraying state is based on the dropping liquid of the leaves, and the treatment is carried out for 2 to 6 times;
and step four, performing normal fertilizer and water management on the treated phalaenopsis, and avoiding the water contact of the leaves within 2 days after treatment.
Further, the greenhouse conditions in the first step are as follows: the daily temperature is 25-30 ℃, the night temperature is 18-25 ℃, the relative air humidity is 70-85 percent, and the illuminance is 15000 lx-20000 lx; the special fertilizer N for flowers is adopted in the vegetative growth: p: k =20:20: the 20 aqueous solution is used for watering 1000-2000 times, and the watering is carried out for 1 time every 5 d-8 d in summer, autumn and dry weather, and the watering is carried out for 1 time every 7 d-10 d in winter, spring and rainy season.
Furthermore, the phalaenopsis amabilis capable of inducing early stem extraction in the step one is a material with any pattern of big, medium and small.
Further, in the second step, the triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution is prepared into mother liquor, then diluted into the required working solution concentration for spraying treatment, and when the mother liquor is prepared, a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol or 95% ethyl alcohol is used for dissolving, and then distilled water or deionized water is used for fixing the volume.
Furthermore, in the third step, the front and the back of each butterfly orchid leaf are required to be uniformly wetted by spraying during spraying, wherein the spraying amount of the triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution of the large and medium-sized single butterfly orchid plants is 12-18 ml, and the spraying amount of the TIBA aqueous solution of the small butterfly orchid plants is 8-12 ml.
Further, the fertilizer water management in the fourth step is to apply a flower forcing fertilizer solution to the root system of the phalaenopsis every half month.
Further, the N: P ratio of the flower forcing fertilizer 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝10:30:20。
Further, the triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution may be added with cytokinins (such as 6-benzylaminopurine 6-BA) and gibberellins (such as gibberellin GA) 3 ) Forming a mixed solution for spraying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides a technique for using triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) for flowering induction of orchidaceae flowers represented by phalaenopsis for the first time, and the technique effectively utilizes a growth regulator to regulate and control the flowering phase of phalaenopsis, thereby greatly improving the flower forcing efficiency of phalaenopsis, shortening the growth period and reducing the production cost.
(2) The method is not limited by the variety, flower size, cultivation region and the like of the phalaenopsis, and can play a role in promoting the early germination of the pedicel under proper conditions.
(3) The method is simple and easy to control in operation, can be used for high-flux spraying, and meets the application requirements of large-scale production; and the problems of more uncontrollable factors, complicated operation and the like caused by using methods such as environment, water and fertilizer management and the like to regulate the flowering phase are solved, and the method can be used in the fields of fine regulation of the flowering phase of orchids such as butterfly orchids and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the influence of TIBA treatment on the extraction of flower stalks by a butterfly orchid variety 'Luruyi'; A. control, B.TIBA treated group (100 mg/L TIBA solution).
FIG. 2 influence of TIBA treatment on the extraction and flowering of the small snow pedicel of the butterfly orchid variety; A. the control group was not sprayed; b, stem extraction state (100 mg/L TIBA solution) after TIBA treatment, and C, small snow flowering state after TIBA treatment in a high-temperature greenhouse.
FIG. 3TIBA together with 6-BA and GA 3 The influence of mixed spraying on the extraction and the quantity of the stems of the butterfly orchid variety 'green Ruyi'; A. no spraying control; TIBA, 6-BA and GA 3 And (4) germination of the flower stalks sprayed after mixing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: TIBA is used to induce a medium-pattern variety 'green Ruyi' of phalaenopsis to pull stems and flower in advance.
(1) Carrying out nutritional growth of the phalaenopsis under the standard greenhouse condition, and selecting a medium-sized flower type variety 'green Ruyi' of the phalaenopsis with healthy growth state and consistent growth vigor after 4-5 mature leaves are obtained; preparing a TIBA solution with the concentration of 200mg/L, dissolving TIBA powder by using a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, then diluting the TIBA powder with deionized water to a constant volume, then diluting the TIBA solution with the concentration of 200mg/L into TIBA solutions with the concentrations of 50mg/L and 100mg/L, and transferring the TIBA solutions into a spray can or a sprayer for later use when in use;
(2) Transferring the butterfly orchid plant to be treated to a low-temperature greenhouse, and respectively spraying 50mg/L and 100mg/L TIBA solution to the green Ruyi, wherein the condition that the environment of a spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity change and no interference of diseases and insect pests and spraying medicaments do not influence each other in the spraying period is ensured. Spraying triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) aqueous solution to the butterfly orchid leaves every 7 days, and treating for 4 times in the optimal spraying state based on the dropping liquid of the leaves;
(3) The treated phalaenopsis plants are subjected to normal fertilizer and water management, and the results show that the treated phalaenopsis plants can be subjected to early stalk extraction by 50mg/L and 100mg/L when compared with the phalaenopsis plants which are not sprayed with phalaenopsis materials. The induction rates of the pedicel after 3 weeks treatment reach 60%, the induction rate of the pedicel after 4 weeks spraying is 100%, and the average days for stalk extraction after 50mg/L and 100mg/L treatment are 20.6 days and 17.8 days respectively (table 1, figure 1);
TABLE 1 influence of TIBA treatment on the number of days to extract stalks and the induction rate of pedicel of Phalaenopsis species "Green Ruyi
Example 2: the TIBA is used for inducing the small snow of the small flower type variety of the phalaenopsis to pull stems and bloom in advance.
(1) Carrying out nutritional growth of the phalaenopsis under the standard greenhouse condition, and selecting a small flower type variety 'Xiaoxue' of the phalaenopsis with healthy growth state and consistent growth vigor after 4-5 mature leaves are obtained; dissolving TIBA powder with a small amount of anhydrous ethanol, dissolving with deionized water, diluting to constant volume, preparing solutions with concentration of 50mg/L and 100mg/L, and transferring the diluted solution to a spray can or a sprayer for later use;
(2) Transferring the phalaenopsis plant to be treated to a low-temperature greenhouse, and respectively spraying 50mg/L and 100mg/L TIBA on the small snow, wherein the condition that the environment of a spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity change and no interference of plant diseases and insect pests and spraying medicaments are not influenced by each other is ensured during spraying. Spraying triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) aqueous solution to the butterfly orchid leaves every 7 days, and treating for 4 times in the optimal spraying state based on the dropping liquid of the leaves;
(3) The spraying treated phalaenopsis plants are subjected to normal fertilizer and water management, and the results show that the 50mg/L and 100mg/L treated small snow plants can pull stems in advance when compared with the period without spraying of phalaenopsis materials. The plants sprayed with TIBA "small snow" were advanced by 4.2d and 8.4d, respectively, the induction rates of pedicel reached 80% and 100% after 3 weeks of treatment, and the average time from spraying treatment to stem extraction was 17.8 days and 13.6 days (Table 2, FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B).
Table 2 influence of TIBA treatment on stalk-drawing days and stalk induction rate of low-temperature butterfly orchid variety' Xiaoxue
Example 3: the application of TIBA in high temperature areas also induced premature flower stalk germination.
(1) The preparation steps of the early-stage material preparation and the TIBA solution preparation are the same as those of the embodiment 1,2, the butterfly orchid 'snowy' plants to be treated are respectively placed in a high-temperature greenhouse for spraying treatment, TIBA (100 mg/L) spraying treatment is carried out, the environment of a spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity change during spraying, no pest and disease interference exists, and the spraying agents are not mutually influenced.
(2) Spraying treatment is carried out once every 7 days, and during the treatment period, normal fertilizer and water management is carried out on the butterfly orchid plants. Data statistics were carried out after 2 treatments, and the results showed that the induction rate of pedicel by TIBA alone in the high temperature greenhouse was 15%, indicating that the use of TIBA in the high temperature zone could induce the pedicel to germinate and flower in advance (FIG. 2C).
Example 4: TIBA treatment with simultaneous addition of 6-BA and GA 3 The effect of promoting the extraction of the pedicel in advance is better, and the formation of a multi-pedicel plant can be promoted.
(1) Preliminary Material preparation As in example 1, the TIBA solution was prepared by adding 6-BA and GA simultaneously 3 Preparing a mixed solution;
(2) The butterfly orchid plant to be treatedMoving to a low-temperature greenhouse, and performing TIBA, 6-BA and GA on the green Ruyi 3 Spraying mixed solution with concentration of TIBA (100 mg/L) +6-BA (200 mg/L) + GA 3 (100 mg/L), no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity change of the environment of a spraying area and no interference of plant diseases and insect pests are ensured during spraying, and spraying agents are not influenced mutually. Spraying aqueous solutions with different treatments to the butterfly orchid leaves every 7 days, wherein the optimal spraying state is based on the dropping liquid of the leaves, and the treatment is carried out for 4 times;
(3) The treated phalaenopsis plant is subjected to normal fertilizer and water management, and the treated phalaenopsis plant is compared with a control material without spraying phalaenopsis, and the result shows that TIBA +6-BA + GA 3 The stem drawing time of the phalaenopsis sprayed by solution mixing is 20.5 days earlier than that of the phalaenopsis sprayed by no control; and the percent of the stem extraction reaches 100% at 4 weeks of treatment, while the percent of the stem extraction at 4 weeks of control treatment is only 5%. In addition, the number of the extracted pedicel is counted to find that TIBA +6-BA + GA 3 The treatment significantly promoted the frequency of double peduncles, with a double peduncle rate of 45% (table 3, fig. 3).
TABLE 3TIBA, 6-BA and GA 3 The influence of mixed spraying treatment on the stem drawing days, the double-stem rate and the induction rate of the pedicel of the phalaenopsis variety' green Ruyi
The above is only a part of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the flower stalk of phalaenopsis by utilizing triiodobenzoic acid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, carrying out nutritional growth of phalaenopsis amabilis under a greenhouse condition, and placing the phalaenopsis amabilis in a greenhouse after 4-5 mature leaves are obtained;
step two, preparing triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 50-200 mg/L;
step three, triiodobenzoic acid treatment: during spraying, the environment of a spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity change and no interference of diseases and insect pests, triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution is sprayed to the leaves of the phalaenopsis at intervals of 7 to 10 days, and the spraying state is based on the dropping liquid of the leaves and is treated for 2 to 6 times;
and step four, performing normal fertilizer and water management on the treated phalaenopsis, and avoiding the water contact of the leaves within 2 days after treatment.
2. The method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the flower stalk of the phalaenopsis by utilizing triiodobenzoic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the greenhouse conditions in the first step are as follows: the daily temperature is 25-30 ℃, the night temperature is 18-25 ℃, the relative air humidity is 70-85 percent, and the illuminance is 15000 lx-20000 lx; the special fertilizer N for flowers is adopted in the vegetative growth: p: k =20:20: the 20 aqueous solution is used for watering 1000-2000 times, and the watering is carried out for 1 time every 5 d-8 d in summer, autumn and dry weather, and the watering is carried out for 1 time every 7 d-10 d in winter, spring and rainy season.
3. The method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the pedicel of the phalaenopsis amabilis by using triiodobenzoic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phalaenopsis amabilis capable of inducing early stem extraction in the first step is a material with any pattern of big, medium and small.
4. The method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the flower stalks of the phalaenopsis by using triiodobenzoic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution is prepared into a mother solution, then diluted into a required working solution concentration for spraying, and when the mother solution is prepared, a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol or 95% ethyl alcohol is used for dissolving, and then distilled water or deionized water is used for fixing the volume.
5. The method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the flower stalks of the phalaenopsis by using triiodobenzoic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the front and back surfaces of each phalaenopsis leaf are required to be uniformly wetted by spraying, wherein the injection amount of the triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution of the large and medium-sized single phalaenopsis is 12-18 ml, and the injection amount of the TIBA aqueous solution of the small phalaenopsis single plant is 8-12 ml.
6. The method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the phalaenopsis amabilis pedicel by using triiodobenzoic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer water management in the fourth step is to apply a flower forcing fertilizer solution to the phalaenopsis amabilis root system every half month.
7. The method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the flower stalk of the butterfly orchid by utilizing triiodobenzoic acid as claimed in claim 6, wherein the N: P of the flower-promoting fertilizer 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝10:30:20。
8. The method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the flower stalks of the phalaenopsis by using triiodobenzoic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution is sprayed by adding a mixed solution of cytokinin and gibberellin components.
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