CN114946515A

CN114946515A - Vitis heyneana cultivation method based on delivery period adjustment

Info

Publication number: CN114946515A
Application number: CN202210790171.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李洪艳; 周思泓; 吴代东; 余欢; 韦荣福; 成果; 刘金标; 郭荣荣
Original assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-07-05
Filing date: 2022-07-05
Publication date: 2022-08-30

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a vitis heyneana cultivation method based on delivery date adjustment, which comprises the following steps: pruning the downy grapes in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in a mode that: all inflorescences are removed, and 2-3 leaves are reserved at the young shoots. The method is simple to operate, low in cost, green and safe, and the growth quality of the downy grapes is effectively improved while avoiding the attack time of downy mildew and powdery mildew by utilizing the production period adjusting technology and combining the treatment after pruning.

Description

Vitis heyneana cultivation method based on delivery period adjustment

[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a vitis heyneana cultivation method based on delivery date adjustment.

[ background ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

The downy grape (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata) has the characteristics of high resistance to various disease-resistant wild species such as anthracnose and the like, the downy mildew of the downy grape of the variety is not resistant, the downy mildew is serious in flowering period such as overcast and rain, even the grains are not harvested, and the downy grape industry is painful in throat choking. The downy grapes normally sprout in the Guangxi province at the beginning of 4 months, before and after the Ming festival, and the flowering phase is 5 months, so that the downy mildew is severe in rainy days, and the yield and the quality are seriously influenced.

Nowadays, the planting area of the downy grapes in Guangxi is about 10 ten thousand mu, the method is mainly concentrated in stony desertification mountain areas such as Luo city, Duan and Dahua, downy grapes are planted in a connected mode and are managed roughly, and the downy grapes are 'eaten by the sun' after being roughly trimmed. In most years, a series of problems that the yield is reduced due to downy mildew in flowering period, high-temperature fruits in mature period have low sugar and high acid content and fall fruits, the processing quality is influenced, branches and new shoots are piled up in a staggered and overlapped mode, and the lower yin depression organisms of a stacking rack are single exist, and the method is a main limiting factor for the development of the local downy grape industry.

Based on this, the present application proposes a vitis amurensis cultivation method based on term adjustment to solve the above problems.

[ summary of the invention ]

In view of the above, there is a need for a vitis heyneana cultivation method based on term regulation, which utilizes term regulation technology in combination with post-pruning treatment to avoid the time of downy mildew and powdery mildew and improve the growth quality of vitis heyneana.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a vitis pubescens cultivation method based on term regulation, the method comprising: pruning the downy grapes in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in a mode that: all inflorescences are removed, and 2-3 leaves are reserved in the young shoots.

Wherein the downy grapes are cultivated in the open air.

In the middle and last ten days of month 5, preferably, the days 5, 15-5, 18.

Further, the method further comprises the step of spraying 500 times of chlormequat chloride solution on the ground after pruning.

Further, the method also comprises spraying 300 times of 45% lime sulphur crystal after 2-3 weeks of pruning. The directional spraying to trunk branches and tendrils aims at preventing diseases, and because the pruning opportunity is combined with the pruning mode, a pesticide is not needed to be sprayed basically.

Further, the method further comprises the step of spraying a protection solution A once before the flowering phase, wherein the protection solution A is prepared by mixing 1000 times of amiloride solution, 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule solution and 3000 times of boron-zinc foliar fertilizer solution.

Specifically, the mass ratio of 1000 times of amicida liquid to 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule to 3000 times of boron zinc foliar fertilizer is 1-3:1: 3.

Further, the method also comprises spraying a protective solution B once from a flowering period to a young fruit period, wherein the protective solution B is prepared by mixing 1000 times of pulicarb solution and 800 times of 0.5% veratrine solution.

Specifically, the weight ratio of 1000 times of the pulikes solution to 800 times of the 0.5% veratrine solution is as follows: 1-3:1.

Amicida, 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, boron-zinc foliar fertilizer, pulex and 0.5% veratrine are all purchased and obtained directly from the market, and the double solution is diluted by corresponding times with water, for example, 1000 times of amicida is diluted by 1000 times with water, and other medicaments are the same.

Wherein the boron-zinc foliar fertilizer is a potassium-boron-calcium-magnesium-zinc trace element water-soluble fertilizer, and is purchased from Wuhan gold Rinsheng Industrial and trade Co Ltd.

The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

1. the cultivation method of the invention solves some problems existing in the existing viticulture process by utilizing the date of birth regulation technology, specifically, firstly, the trimming time of the downy grapes is selected to be 5 months middle and last ten days, the aim is to adjust the flowering phase of the downy grapes to 6 months later, the traditional downy mildew high-emergence period in rainy seasons of 5 months to 6 months is avoided, the downy mildew is prevented and controlled by adjusting the trimming time, the use of pesticides is reduced, and the method is green, safe and environment-friendly; except selecting a proper pruning time, the application also combines a special pruning mode, the traditional grape cultivation mode, whether winter pruning or summer pruning, aims to obtain more inflorescences and fruits, therefore, the traditional pruning mode is mostly to leave 4-6 leaves on the upper part of the inflorescences for pruning or only to prune the core, but the application is just opposite, because the flower buds of the downy grapes are well differentiated, basically 1-5 nodes have flowers, each branch can reach 4 bunch flowers on average, and the upper part of the inflorescences has more secondary ears, so that: one flower and fruit are crowded, diseases are easy to cause, and the yield is reduced, and the other two too many inflorescences cause severe downy mildew; therefore, when the method is used for pruning, all inflorescences are completely reduced, and 2-3 leaves are reserved at new shoots as water pumping branches, so that the purpose of avoiding dry and dry pumping of mother branches is achieved; by adopting the mode of the application, the number of young shoots sprouting at the beginning of 6 months is small through the early-stage nutrient consumption, the inflorescence is few and small, the labor for removing branches and flowers can be saved by more than 50%, and the leaf curtain layer is ventilated and light-transmitting, so that the disease is reduced, and the diversity of stone vegetation is facilitated; in addition, the disease resistance of the young shoots is improved through high-temperature stress exercise in summer; more importantly, the pruning opportunity is combined with the pruning mode, so that the occurrence of downy mildew can be reduced under the condition of not applying pesticide; the trees are pruned in the middle ten days of May, harvesting can be carried out in the last ten days of 9 to 11 months, the attack time of downy mildew and powdery mildew is avoided, the sunshine is more in 9 months, the rainwater is less, the temperature difference between day and night is large, sugar accumulation is facilitated, the tree-remaining period can be prolonged, and the fruit quality is improved. The pruning mode of the present application is only applicable to downy grapes.

2. The cultivation method restarts the growing period of the downy grapes through a producing period adjusting technology, and the applicant formulates a specific water and fertilizer management and disease and insect pest management mode corresponding to a new growing period of the downy grapes, and the specific mode comprises the following steps:

after pruning, 500 times of chlormequat chloride solution is sprayed on the ground, so as to control the growth speed of weeds; in the conventional mode, in the middle ten days of 5 months, weeds around the trunk need to be removed, chlormequat chloride is sprayed to control the growth of the weeds without weeding, and firstly, the weeds are reserved to form a protective layer on the surface layer of soil, so that the influence of sunlight exposure on the temperature and the humidity of the soil is reduced, the effect of heat preservation and soil moisture preservation is achieved, and sufficient water at the stage is favorable for the growth of downy grapes; secondly, after the growth of the grass is controlled, the farming operation is not influenced; thirdly, diseases caused by farm work operation can be prevented from being directly contacted with soil, and disease transmission is effectively prevented.

Secondly, spraying the protection solution A once before the flowering phase, wherein the protection solution A mainly comprises amisida, the active ingredient of the protection solution A is azoxystrobin and can protect inflorescences, and the protection solution also comprises 3000 times of thiamethoxam water dispersible granule solution and boron zinc leaf fertilizer, so that the inflorescences are not damaged by downy mildew, thrips and other pests, and the leaf fertilizer can improve the immunity of plants; meanwhile, the protective solution B is sprayed once from the flowering period to the young fruit period, the protective solution B is mainly pulicarb, the active ingredient of the protective solution B is propamocarb hydrochloride, the young fruit can be protected, and in addition, the protective solution also comprises 800 times of 0.5% veratrine solution, so that the young fruit can be protected from being damaged by thrips and mites.

[ description of the drawings ]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth of Vitis heyneana at the test site of No. 5/17 at 2021 in the test example;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth of Vitis heyneana at 24 days 6/month 2021 after the treatment of the first mode in the experimental example;

FIG. 3 is a picture of a test example after a second trimming process;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the growth of Vitis heyneana at 24 days 6/2021 after the treatment of the second mode in the experimental example;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the growth of Vitis heyneana at 24 days 6/2021 in the experimental examples after the treatment of the second mode.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

the embodiment provides a vitis heyneana cultivation method based on term adjustment; the method comprises the following steps:

(1) pruning of downy grapes: pruning the open-air grown downy grapes in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in the following mode: removing all inflorescences, and reserving 2 leaves at the new shoot;

and (3) post-trimming treatment: after trimming, the following treatments are carried out: a. spraying 500 times of chlormequat chloride solution to the ground; after 2 weeks, spraying and spraying 300 times of 45% lime sulfur mixture crystal to the trunk, branches and tendrils in a directional manner; c. spraying a protective solution A once before the flowering phase, wherein the protective solution A is prepared by mixing 1000 times of amiloride solution, 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule solution and boron-zinc foliar fertilizer; specifically, the mass ratio of 1000 times of amicida solution, 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule solution and 3000 times of boron-zinc foliar fertilizer solution is 1:1: 3; d. spraying a protective solution B once from a flowering period to a young fruit period, wherein the protective solution B is prepared by mixing 1000 times of pulikes solution and 800 times of 0.5% veratrine solution; specifically, the mass ratio of 1000 times of the pulikes solution to 800 times of the 0.5% veratrine solution is 1: 1.

Example 2:

(1) pruning downy grapes: pruning the open-air grown downy grapes in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in the following mode: removing all inflorescences, and reserving 2 leaves at the new shoot;

(2) and (3) post-trimming treatment: after trimming, the following treatments are carried out: a. spraying 500 times of chlormequat chloride solution to the ground; b.3 weeks later, spraying and spraying 300 times of 45% lime sulfur mixture crystal to the trunk, branches and tendrils in a directional manner; c. spraying a protective solution A once before the flowering phase, wherein the protective solution A is prepared by mixing 1000 times of amiloride solution, 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule solution and boron-zinc foliar fertilizer; specifically, the mass ratio of 1000 times of amicida liquid to 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule to 3000 times of boron zinc foliar fertilizer is 2:1: 3; d. spraying a protective solution B once from a flowering period to a young fruit period, wherein the protective solution B is prepared by mixing 1000 times of pulikes solution and 800 times of 0.5% veratrine solution; specifically, the mass ratio of 1000 times of the pulikes solution to 800 times of the 0.5% veratrine solution is 2: 1.

Example 3:

(1) pruning downy grapes: pruning the open-air grown downy grapes in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in the following mode: removing all inflorescences, and reserving 3 leaves at the young shoots;

(2) and (3) post-trimming treatment: after trimming, the following treatments are carried out: a. spraying 500 times of cycocel solution to the ground; b.3 weeks later, spraying and spraying 300 times of 45% lime sulfur mixture crystal to the trunk, branches and tendrils in a directional manner; c. spraying a protective solution A once before the flowering phase, wherein the protective solution A is prepared by mixing 1000 times of amiloride solution, 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule solution and boron-zinc foliar fertilizer; specifically, the mass ratio of 1000 times of amicida liquid to 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule to 3000 times of boron zinc foliar fertilizer is 3:1: 3; d. spraying a protective solution B once from a flowering period to a young fruit period, wherein the protective solution B is prepared by mixing 1000 times of pulikes solution and 800 times of 0.5% veratrine solution; specifically, the mass ratio 3:1 of the pulikes 1000-fold liquid to the 0.5% veratrine 800-fold liquid is as follows:

examples 1-3 disclose the way of pruning and the treatment after pruning, but other cultivation ways can be the same as the conventional cultivation way.

Test example:

the applicant verified the effects of the present application by the following tests:

test site: guangxi academy of agricultural sciences Mingyang grape base;

test time: 5 months at 2021-10 months at 2021;

first, the applicant found that the conventional cultivation method resulted in severe downy mildew due to much rain in 5 months on 17 days of 5 months, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a photograph of downy grapes taken on 17 days of 5 months, and as can be seen in fig. 1, downy grapes suffer from severe downy mildew infection.

The applicant treated downy grapes in two groups of treatment modes:

the first mode is that a conventional cultivation method is adopted, namely weeds around the trunk are removed in the middle ten days of May to avoid increasing air humidity, so that the downy mildew infection of inflorescences is reduced, and the soil humidity is controlled; in addition, in 4-6 months, the following medicaments are sprayed to prevent and treat diseases: and (3) spraying the 1000-time solution of 33.5% of oxine-copper suspending agent, 3000-time solution of 25% of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and boron zinc foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times. Cyazofamid (100g/L)2000 times liquid, mancozeb 500 times liquid and veratrine (0.5%) 800 times liquid for 1 time. 1000 times of propamocarb and 3000-4000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules for 1 time. And 6-7 months, spraying the following agents: amixida 1000 times, 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 3000 times liquid and boron zinc foliar fertilizer are mixed and sprayed for 1 time, and pulikes 1000 times and veratrine (0.5%) 800 times are sprayed for 1 time from the flowering stage to the young fruit stage.

After the first mode treatment, the applicant observed the growth of downy grapes at 24 days in 6 months, as shown in fig. 2, and it was found from fig. 2 that downy mildew infection of the downy grapes is serious and affects the yield, although the rate of the downy grapes grown by the conventional cultivation method has a certain percentage.

The second mode is to adopt the cultivation method described in the embodiment 2 for treatment, and after 5 months and 17 days, the downy grapes are trimmed according to the mode of the step (1), and as shown in figure 3, the field photo is obtained after trimming; on 24 days 6 months, the applicant examined the growth of Vitis heyneana, as shown in FIG. 4, which shows that the inflorescence of Vitis heyneana is healthy; after more than one month and 17 days after 8 months, the applicant continuously inspects the growth condition of the downy grapes, as shown in fig. 5, in the figure, before color change, the cluster size is moderate, the fruit surface is clean, 1-2 clusters of fruits are formed in each new shoot, and flower thinning, branch thinning and fruit thinning are not needed.

It should be noted that, the methods of examples 1 to 3 are substantially the same except for the differences in the parameter selection, and the applicant finds that similar effects, namely the solution of the technical problem proposed by the present application, can be achieved by using the methods of examples 1 to 3, and only the method described in example 2 is exemplified here.

Therefore, after the downy grape is treated by the second mode, the downy grape inflorescence is healthy, the fruit surface is clean, downy mildew cannot be infected, the second mode realizes restarting the growth period of the downy grape by selecting a proper trimming time and a proper trimming mode, realizes prevention and control of downy mildew of the downy grape by combining modes of 'grass growing cultivation', a series of treatments after trimming and the like, and can improve the growth quality of the downy grape; and in the first mode, various medicaments are applied for treatment, the achieved effect is still not ideal, and the application provides a novel green cultivation method for the downy grapes, which is simple to operate, for the first time.

In addition, applicants further tested the effect of vitis heyneana growth, comparing the quality of the growth of vitis heyneana grown in the first and second modes, and the results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 comparison of the growth quality of Vitis heyneana

According to the results in table 1, the obtained downy grapes have better growth quality, the branching rate (%) is the number of new shoots/the number of sprouts 100, the branching rate is high, the effective sprouts are high, and the high regularity of the new shoots can be indirectly indicated. The number of young shoots is the number of young shoots per square meter, and the number of the young shoots is high, which indicates that the shed frame is dark, has poor light transmittance and is easy to breed diseases. The inflorescence number is the inflorescence number of each new shoot, and the higher the inflorescence number is, the larger the flower thinning workload is; the result rate (%) is 100/grain/flower, the result rate of conventionally cultivated downy grapes is reduced due to downy mildew infection in the flowering phase and the young fruit phase, the result rate of some inflorescences is even 0 (see figure 1), and the fruit setting rate can be obviously improved by adjusting the flowering phase and the young fruit phase by avoiding rainy seasons through the delivery phase. The ear commodity rate is the quality of finished fruit that can be sold/total quality of harvested fruit. The higher the fresh weight of the fruit grains during the collection indicates that the fruit grains are larger, and the previous research and research of the team indicates that: the size of the fruit particles is in positive correlation with the fragrance of the fruits. The fruit in the mature period is lower in temperature, and compared with the humid and hot weather of conventional cultivation, the fruit in the growth and development period is longer, so that the fresh weight of the fruit can be greatly improved. The average ear weight is the average ear weight at harvest, which is significantly greater than that of conventional cultivation methods. The higher the soluble solid content, the higher the sugar content in the fruit, the better the brewing quality. By comprehensively comparing the indexes, the growth quality of the downy grapes is better than that of the conventional cultivated downy grapes. According to the method, the production period is adjusted, downy mildew can be avoided, the fruits are ripe at the bottom of 9 months, the tree hanging period can be prolonged, and the sugar content of the fruits is obviously improved.

The above examples merely represent some embodiments of the invention, which are described in more detail and in greater detail, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vitis mauritiana cultivation method based on term regulation, the method comprising: pruning the downy grapes in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in a mode that: all inflorescences are removed, and 2-3 leaves are reserved at the young shoots.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the downy grapes are grown in the open air.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising spraying cycocel 500 times solution to the ground after pruning.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising spraying a 300-fold solution of 45% lime sulphur crystals 2-3 weeks after pruning.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising spraying a protective solution A once before the flowering phase, wherein the protective solution A is prepared by mixing 1000 times of amiloride solution, 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and 3000 times of boron zinc foliar fertilizer solution.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising spraying a protective solution B once from a flowering period to a young fruit period, wherein the protective solution B is prepared by mixing 1000 times of pulex solution and 800 times of 0.5% veratrine solution.