CN113875512A - Method for preventing pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering - Google Patents
Method for preventing pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering Download PDFInfo
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- CN113875512A CN113875512A CN202111308025.4A CN202111308025A CN113875512A CN 113875512 A CN113875512 A CN 113875512A CN 202111308025 A CN202111308025 A CN 202111308025A CN 113875512 A CN113875512 A CN 113875512A
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- pineapple
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- overwintering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pineapple planting, and provides a method for preventing pineapples from blooming naturally after overwintering. According to the method, the pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 20 are selected, and the urea and the compound fertilizer are applied to the pineapple plants 20-30 days before the occurrence of the lowest local temperature, so that the problems of low flowering rate, irregular flowering and unequal fruit sizes caused by natural flowering of pineapple seedlings after wintering are solved, and particularly the problems of heart rot, fruit cracking, water feeding and low commodity rate caused by flowering and fruit ripening after wintering and low economic benefit are solved. The method can avoid the natural flowering of the pineapples after overwintering, thereby artificially promoting the flowering, improving the flowering rate and the uniformity of the pineapples, ensuring consistent mature period of the fruits, high commodity and fruit rate, saving time and labor and having remarkable economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pineapple planting, in particular to a method for preventing pineapples from blooming naturally after overwintering.
Background
When the pineapples are planted, because the planting period and the sizes of the seedlings are not selected, the seedlings are large and small during overwintering, and some pineapple seedlings can naturally bloom with the rise of the air temperature after overwintering, and the blooming time is different from before to after; some pineapple seedlings still grow vigorously and do not bloom. Therefore, the situation of flowering and non-flowering, early flowering and late flowering is formed, unified management cannot be realized, and the management difficulty is seriously increased. The mature period of the naturally flowering fruits after overwintering is just the rainy season, and the problems of heart rot, fruit cracking, serious watering, low sweetness of the fruits, extremely low commodity fruit rate and the like of the fruits are easy to occur. At this time, strong vegetative growth of pineapple seedlings is kept by watering and fertilizing in winter until the temperature rises after overwintering, so that the pineapple seedlings grow more vigorously, and the phenomenon of natural flowering is greatly reduced or prevented.
At present, the method for preventing pineapple seedlings from blooming naturally after overwintering mainly comprises the following steps: 1. planting small seedlings for about 4 months before overwintering; after the seedlings are planted, the stems are tender and cannot be converted into reproductive growth and can not naturally bloom after overwintering, but the requirements on the seedlings are high, the planting time is limited, the production period of the pineapples is prolonged, and the purpose of annual production and marketing of the pineapples cannot be achieved; 2. selecting varieties with low natural flowering rate, wherein the varieties with low natural flowering rate are not main varieties produced in the market; 3. the plant growth regulator can inhibit natural flowering, and the regulators such as silver nitrate and thiuram can inhibit natural flowering, but the operation is complicated, the times are multiple, and the toxicity is high. Therefore, the method for preventing the pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering is significant for improving the pineapple blooming rate and the pineapple fruit quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for preventing the pineapple from naturally blooming after wintering, which has the advantages of high flowering rate, consistent fruit ripening period, high commodity fruit rate, time and labor conservation, ecological fruit and remarkable economic benefit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preventing pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 20;
(2) and applying fertilizers to the pineapple plants 20-30 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, wherein the fertilizers comprise urea and compound fertilizers.
Preferably, the time for applying the fertilizer in the step (2) is 14: 00-16: 00 in the afternoon.
Preferably, the frequency of applying the fertilizer in the step (2) is 2-4 times.
Preferably, the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer applications in the step (2) is 7-15 days.
Preferably, the fertilizer application mode in the step (2) is leaf surface spraying and ground surface irrigation, the leaf surface spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 400-600 ml per plant.
Preferably, the content of the effective components of the urea in the step (2) is 45-48%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer in the step (2) is 15-25: 10-15.
Preferably, the fertilizer in the step (2) is a mixed aqueous solution of urea and a compound fertilizer, and the mixed aqueous solution of urea and the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing urea, the compound fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 1-3: 2-4: 500-800.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention solves the problems of low flowering rate, irregular flowering and unequal fruit sizes caused by natural flowering after the pineapple seedlings live through winter, and particularly solves the problems of fruit heart rot, fruit cracking and water feeding caused by flowering and fruit setting after the pineapple seedlings live through winter and positive fruit maturation period in rainy season, extremely low commodity fruit rate and greatly reduced economic benefit.
2. The method utilizes the fertilizer water treatment to ensure that the pineapple plants always keep stronger vegetative growth and prevent the pineapple plants from being converted into reproductive growth, and the flower forcing is carried out according to the time of the fruits appearing on the market, so that the flowering rate is ensured to be regular and consistent, the flowering rate is high, the mature period of the fruits is consistent, the commodity fruit rate is high, the time and the labor are saved, and the economic benefit is obvious.
3. Compared with other methods for preventing the pineapple from blooming naturally, the method can perform water and fertilizer treatment on the big and small pineapple seedlings planted at any period to prevent the pineapple from blooming naturally after wintering, and belongs to ecological prevention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preventing pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 20;
(2) and applying fertilizers to the pineapple plants 20-30 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, wherein the fertilizers comprise urea and compound fertilizers.
In the invention, the pineapple plants with the number of leaves more than or equal to 20 are selected in the step (1), and the pineapple plants with the number of leaves more than or equal to 22 are further preferred, the sensitivity of the pineapple plants with the number of leaves more than or equal to 20 to natural flower forming factors is increased, and the flower forming can be stimulated if adverse factors such as low temperature and drought or plant growth regulators such as ethephon are encountered; is more beneficial to the artificial control of the flowering time. The pineapple plants with the number of leaves being less than 20 cannot bloom no matter what kind of flowering stimulation is given to the pineapple plants, such as low temperature, ethephon, calcium carbide treatment and the like.
In the invention, in the step (2), the fertilizer is applied to the pineapple plants 20-30 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, and the fertilizer is further preferably applied to the pineapple plants 25 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature.
In the present invention, the time for applying the fertilizer in step (2) is preferably 14:00 to 16:00 pm, more preferably 14:30 to 15:30 pm, and still more preferably 15:00 pm.
In the present invention, the number of times of applying the fertilizer in step (2) is preferably 2 to 4 times, and more preferably 3 times.
In the invention, the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer applications in step (2) is preferably 7-15 days, and more preferably 13 days.
In the invention, the mode of applying the fertilizer in the step (2) is preferably foliar spraying and surface irrigation, the foliar spraying is preferably carried out until the foliar spraying drops with leaf tip fertilizer water, and the application amount of the surface irrigation is preferably 400-600 ml/plant, more preferably 450-550 ml/plant, and still more preferably 500 ml/plant.
In the present invention, the content of the effective component of the urea in the step (2) is preferably 45 to 48%, and more preferably 46%.
In the invention, the mass ratio of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer in the step (2) is preferably 15-25: 10-15, more preferably 18-22: 11-13, and even more preferably 20:12: 12.
In the invention, the fertilizer in the step (2) is preferably a mixed aqueous solution of urea and a compound fertilizer, and the mixed aqueous solution of urea and a compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing urea, a compound fertilizer and water preferably according to a mass ratio of 1-3: 2-4: 500-800, and further preferably according to a mass ratio of 2:3: 600.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The planting place in the following examples and comparative examples is the city of Jinghong city, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, the lowest temperature in winter is 6 ℃, and the pineapple variety in the following examples and comparative examples is Tainong No. 16 pineapple.
Example 1
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 20 leaves;
(2) the pineapple plants were fertilized 2 times in the first 20 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with a time interval of 7 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 14:00 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution formed by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 45%), a compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 15:10:10) and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2:500, the fertilizer application mode is leaf surface spraying and ground surface irrigation, the leaf surface spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 400 ml/plant.
Example 2
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 22 leaves;
(2) the pineapple plants were fertilized 3 times in the first 25 days of the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, with 13 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 15:00 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution formed by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 46%), a compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 20:12:12) and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:600, the fertilizer application mode comprises leaf surface spraying and ground surface irrigation, the leaf surface spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 500 ml/plant.
Example 3
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 20 leaves;
(2) the pineapple plants were fertilized 4 times in the first 30 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with 15 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 16:00 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution formed by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 48%), a compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 25:10:15 in mass ratio) and water according to the mass ratio of 3:4:800, the fertilizer application mode is foliar spraying and surface irrigation, the foliar spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the surface irrigation is 600 ml/plant.
Example 4
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 22 leaves;
(2) the pineapple plants were fertilized 4 times in the first 25 days of the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, with a time interval of 7 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 15:00 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution formed by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 46%), a compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 18:11:11) and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2:600, the fertilizer application mode comprises leaf surface spraying and ground surface irrigation, the leaf surface spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 450 ml/plant.
Example 5
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 20 leaves;
(2) the pineapple plants were fertilized 3 times in the first 30 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with 13 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 15:00 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution formed by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 48%), a compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 22:13:13) and water according to the mass ratio of 3:4:600, the fertilizer is applied by means of foliar spraying and surface irrigation until foliar spraying is dropped by leaf tip fertilizer water, and the application amount of the surface irrigation is 550 ml/plant.
Comparative example 1
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 16 leaves;
(2) the pineapple plants were fertilized 3 times in the first 15 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with 16 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, and 13:00 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution formed by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 50%), a compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 13:10:10) and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:400, the fertilizer application mode is leaf surface spraying and ground surface irrigation, the leaf surface spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 350 ml/plant.
Comparative example 2
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 17 leaves;
(2) the pineapple plants were fertilized 4 times in the first 32 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with a time interval of 17 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, at 13:30 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution formed by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 40%), a compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 26:11:11) and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5:900, the fertilizer application mode is foliar spraying and surface irrigation, the foliar spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the surface irrigation is 300 ml/plant.
Comparative example 3
(1) Selecting pineapple plants with 18 leaves;
(2) the pineapple plants were fertilized 2 times in the first 18 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with 18 days between two consecutive applications of fertilizer, and 13:00 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution formed by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 50%), a compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 12:9:16 in mass ratio) and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:900, the fertilizer application mode is leaf surface spraying and ground surface irrigation, the leaf surface spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 650ml per plant.
Comparative example 4
(1) Selecting a pineapple plant with 19 leaves;
(2) the pineapple plants were fertilized 3 times in the first 33 days of the occurrence of the local minimum temperature, with a time interval of 19 days between two adjacent applications of the fertilizer, and at 13:30 pm. The fertilizer is a mixed aqueous solution formed by mixing urea (the content of active ingredients is 40%), a compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 14:7:9) and water according to the mass ratio of 1:6:400, the fertilizer application mode comprises leaf surface spraying and ground surface irrigation, the leaf surface spraying is carried out until leaf tip fertilizer water drops, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 700 ml/plant.
Experimental example 1
The results of comparing examples 1 to 5 with comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different methods on the Natural flowering Rate of pineapple
As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the present invention can effectively control the natural flowering rate of pineapple to be less than 1% compared with the comparative example.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preventing pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting pineapple plants with the number of leaves being more than or equal to 20;
(2) and applying fertilizers to the pineapple plants 20-30 days before the occurrence of the local lowest temperature, wherein the fertilizers comprise urea and compound fertilizers.
2. The method for preventing the pineapple from flowering naturally after overwintering as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is applied in the step (2) at 14: 00-16: 00 pm.
3. The method for preventing the pineapple from flowering naturally after overwintering as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of fertilizer applications in the step (2) is 2-4.
4. The method for preventing the pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering according to claim 3, wherein the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer applications in the step (2) is 7-15 days.
5. The method for preventing the pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering according to claim 4, wherein the fertilizer is applied in the step (2) by means of foliage spraying and ground surface irrigation until the foliage spraying is dripped with tip fertilizer water, and the application amount of the ground surface irrigation is 400-600 ml per plant.
6. The method for preventing the pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering as claimed in claim 5, wherein the content of the effective component of the urea in the step (2) is 45-48%.
7. The method for preventing the pineapple from flowering naturally after overwintering according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer in the step (2) is 15-25: 10-15.
8. The method for preventing the pineapple from blooming naturally after overwintering according to claim 7, wherein the fertilizer in the step (2) is a mixed aqueous solution of urea and a compound fertilizer, and the mixed aqueous solution of urea and the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the urea, the compound fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 1-3: 2-4: 500-800.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115005026A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-09-06 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Comprehensive production method for preventing pineapple from being watered |
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| CN115005026A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-09-06 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Comprehensive production method for preventing pineapple from being watered |
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