CN116391577B - Planting method of high-quality tomatoes - Google Patents
Planting method of high-quality tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN116391577B CN116391577B CN202310671586.3A CN202310671586A CN116391577B CN 116391577 B CN116391577 B CN 116391577B CN 202310671586 A CN202310671586 A CN 202310671586A CN 116391577 B CN116391577 B CN 116391577B
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- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title claims description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 abstract 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of high-quality tomatoes, which belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting, and comprises soil water control treatment and tomato plant chlorine dioxide aqueous solution treatment in stages in the growing period of the tomatoes; the soil water control treatment is carried out in stages in the growing period of the tomatoes, after the tomato field planting, field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil to reach 100%, the relative water content of the soil is controlled to be 70% -80% before the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil is controlled to be 60% -70% before the 6 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, and then the relative water content of the soil is controlled to be 40% -50%; the invention can ensure the normal yield of tomatoes and solve the cultivation problems of common taste and poor flavor of tomatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method of high-quality tomatoes, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting.
Background
The vegetable industry in China is in the initial stage of the transition from pursuit quantity to high quality, and with the improvement of the living standard of people, consumers have higher requirements on the quality, flavor, nutrition and safety of vegetable products, and the requirements on the vegetable products are changed from quantity to quality. Tomatoes are mainly consumed vegetable varieties, high-quality tomato products are urgently needed in the market, but the problems of unstable quality, contradiction between yield and quality and the like in tomato production are increasingly prominent, and the requirements of consumers on the high-quality tomatoes are difficult to meet. In the prior art, high-quality tomato cultivation is realized by controlling water in soil, so that the tomato has good taste, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%. How to break through the control technology which restricts the balance of the yield and the quality of the tomatoes, becomes a key factor for success of high-quality cultivation of the tomatoes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a high-quality tomato planting method which can ensure the normal yield of tomatoes and solve the cultivation problems of common taste and poor flavor of tomatoes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method of high-quality tomatoes comprises two steps of soil water control treatment in a stage of tomato growing period and chlorine dioxide aqueous solution treatment of tomato plants;
the soil water control treatment is carried out in stages in the growing period of the tomatoes, after the tomato field planting, field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil to reach 100%, the relative water content of the soil is controlled to be 70% -80% before the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil is controlled to be 60% -70% before the 6 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, and then the relative water content of the soil is controlled to be 40% -50%;
the tomato growing period is treated by soil water control stage by stage, single-trunk pruning is carried out after the tomato is planted, 6 scions are reserved for each plant, and 3 leaves are reserved for pinching and topping after the last scion;
the tomato plant chlorine dioxide aqueous solution is treated, and when the 3 rd spike fruit of the tomato grows to be 1-2cm in size, the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution is used for carrying out first spraying on leaf surfaces; when the 5 th spike fruits grow to 1-2cm in size, spraying the aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide on the leaf surfaces for the second time;
the concentration of the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution for the first spraying is 5-7.5 mug/kg, 667m 2 The spray amount was 30kg;
the concentration of chlorine dioxide water solution in the second spraying is 7.5-10 μg/kg,667m 2 The spray amount was 30kg;
the tomato plants are treated by the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution, and the spraying of the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution is carried out in the evening.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the cultivation method of the high-quality tomatoes, disclosed by the invention, the water is controlled in stages and the low-concentration chlorine dioxide is regulated and controlled in the growing period of the tomatoes, so that the taste of the tomatoes can be improved under the normal yield level, the soluble sugar content of the fruits can be improved to 6.13% -6.81%, and the soluble sugar content of the fruits is improved by more than 50% compared with that under the normal watering management condition;
(2) The cultivation method of the high-quality tomatoes is beneficial to solving the technical problem of high incidence rate of tomato fruit navel rot caused by soil water shortage.
Detailed Description
The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The tomato cultivation in winter and spring in the sunlight greenhouse is carried out, and the planting variety is Lu Shougong cattle. Sowing 10 months and 10 days, planting 11 months and 19 days, pruning, reserving 6 scions of each plant, reserving 3 leaves after the last scion, pinching off the tips and topping.
After field planting, one-time field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm to reach 100%, after the field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm to naturally drop to 80%, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 70% -80% before the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, and when the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is naturally dropped to 70%, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 60-70% before the fruit of the 6 th spike grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is naturally reduced to be 50% when the fruit of the 6 th spike grows to 1-2cm, and the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 40-50%.
Spraying chlorine dioxide water solution with concentration of 7.5 mug/kg on leaf surface when 3 rd spike fruit of tomato grows to 1-2cm, 667m 2 The liquid spraying amount is 30kg; spraying chlorine dioxide water solution with concentration of 10 mug/kg on leaf surface when the 5 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, 667m 2 The spraying amount is 30kg, and the spraying of the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution should be performed in the evening.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the treatment link of the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution of the tomato plants is reduced, namely, a conventional soil water control method is adopted.
After field planting, one-time field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm to reach 100%, after the field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm to naturally drop to 80%, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 70% -80% before the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is naturally dropped to 70% after the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 60% -70% before the 6 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, and the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 40% -50% after the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is naturally dropped to be 50% after the 6 th spike fruit grows to 1-2 cm.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the soil water control treatment link is omitted, namely, a conventional water control free and chlorine dioxide regulation method is adopted.
And (3) normal watering management is carried out after the tomato field planting, and water is not controlled in the whole growing period. Spraying chlorine dioxide water solution with concentration of 7.5 mug/kg on leaf surface when 3 rd spike fruit of tomato grows to 1-2cm, 667m 2 The liquid spraying amount is 30kg; spraying chlorine dioxide water solution with concentration of 10 mug/kg on leaf surface when the 5 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, 667m 2 The spraying amount is 30kg, and the spraying of the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution should be performed in the evening.
Comparative example 3
On the basis of example 1, a conventional water-free method was employed.
And the tomatoes are normally watered and managed after field planting, water is not controlled in the whole growing period, and chlorine dioxide regulation and control are not adopted.
800m 2 Sunlight greenhouse divides 4 equal parts, 200m each 2 Setting 4 treatments, and sequentially applying base fertilizer to each treatment before tomato field planting in the example 1, the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3, wherein the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are the same in each treatment in the growing period according to the conventional additional fertilizer.
And harvesting fruits according to treatment according to the growth condition of the fruits in the whole growing period, and visually inspecting occurrence condition of the tomato fruit umbilical rot, and respectively counting yield and incidence rate of the fruit umbilical rot. 10 fruits were randomly taken for each treatment at the time of harvest, and the soluble sugar content of the fruits was examined.
Test results, 667m 2 Yield: the yields of example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were 8165.2kg, 5828.1kg, 8276.5kg and 8171.8kg, respectively, were not significantly different from each other, and the yields of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were significantly different from each other; incidence of fruit umbilical rot example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were 0, 12.5%, 0 and 0, respectively; fruit soluble sugar content example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were 6.81%, 6.58%, 4.36% and 4.15%, respectively, the difference between example 1 and comparative example 1 was not significant, the difference between comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 was not significant, and the difference between example 1 and comparative example 3 was significant.
Example 2
The tomato cultivation in autumn and winter in the sunlight greenhouse is carried out, and the planting variety is medium and mixed 301. Sowing for 8 months and 10 days, planting for 9 months and 11 days, pruning, reserving 6 scions of each plant, reserving 3 leaves after the last scion, pinching and topping.
After field planting, field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm to reach 100%, after the field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm to naturally drop to 80%, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 70% -80% before the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is naturally dropped to be 70% after the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 60% -70% before the 6 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, and the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 40% -50% after the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is naturally dropped to be 50% after the 6 th spike fruit grows to 1-2 cm.
Spraying chlorine dioxide water solution with concentration of 5 mug/kg on leaf surface when 3 rd spike fruit of tomato grows to 1-2cm, 667m 2 The liquid spraying amount is 30kg; when the 5 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, spraying chlorine dioxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 7.5 mug/kg on the leaf surface, and 667m 2 The spraying amount was 30kg. Spraying the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution should be performed in the evening.
Comparative example 4
On the basis of the embodiment 2, the link of the treatment of the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution of the tomato plants is reduced, namely, the conventional soil water control method is adopted.
After field planting, one-time field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm to reach 100%, after the field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm to naturally drop to 80%, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 70% -80% before the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is naturally dropped to 70% after the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 60% -70% before the 6 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, and the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is controlled to be 40% -50% after the relative water content of the soil layer of 10cm is naturally dropped to be 50% after the 6 th spike fruit grows to 1-2 cm.
Comparative example 5
On the basis of the embodiment 2, the soil water control treatment link is reduced, namely, a conventional water control free and chlorine dioxide regulation method is adopted.
And (3) normal watering management is carried out after the tomato field planting, and water is not controlled in the whole growing period. Spraying chlorine dioxide water solution with concentration of 5 mug/kg on leaf surface when 3 rd spike fruit of tomato grows to 1-2cm, 667m 2 The liquid spraying amount is 30kg; when the 5 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, spraying chlorine dioxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 7.5 mug/kg on the leaf surface, and 667m 2 The spraying amount is 30kg, and the spraying of the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution should be performed in the evening.
Comparative example 6
On the basis of example 2, a conventional water-free method was employed.
And the tomatoes are normally watered and managed after field planting, water is not controlled in the whole growing period, and chlorine dioxide regulation and control are not adopted.
980m 2 Sunlight greenhouse divides 4 equal parts, 245m each 2 Setting 4 treatments, and sequentially implementing example 2, comparative example 4, comparative example 5 and comparative example 6, wherein each treatment before tomato field planting is conventionally applied with base fertilizer, and the dosage of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer is the same in each treatment in the growing period.
And harvesting fruits according to treatment according to the growth condition of the fruits in the whole growing period, and visually inspecting occurrence condition of the tomato fruit umbilical rot, and respectively counting yield and incidence rate of the fruit umbilical rot. 10 fruits were randomly taken for each treatment at the time of harvest, and the soluble sugar content of the fruits was examined.
Test results, 667m 2 Yields example 2, comparative example 4, comparative example 5 and comparative example 6 were 6285.3kg, 4432.5kg, 6296.6kg, 6273.4kg, respectively, the differences between the yields of example 2, comparative example 5 and comparative example 6 were insignificant, and the differences between the yields of comparative example 4 and example 2, comparative example 5 and comparative example 6, respectively, were significant; incidence of fruit umbilical rot example 2, comparative example 4, comparative example 5 and comparative example 6 were 0, 15.5%, 0 and 0, respectively; fruit soluble sugar content examples 2, 4, 5 and 6 were 6.13%, 6.05%, 4.01% and 3.85%, respectively, the differences between examples 2 and 4 were not significant, the differences between examples 5 and 6 were not significant, the differences between examples 2 and 5 and 6 were significant, the differences between examples 2 and 6 were significant, and the differences between comparative examples 4 and 5 and 6 were significant.
The percentages used in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The planting method of the high-quality tomatoes is characterized by comprising soil water control treatment and tomato plant chlorine dioxide aqueous solution treatment in a staged growth period of the tomatoes;
the soil water control treatment is carried out in stages in the growing period of the tomatoes, after the tomato field planting, field planting water is poured to enable the relative water content of the soil to reach 100%, the relative water content of the soil is controlled to be 70% -80% before the 4 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, the relative water content of the soil is controlled to be 60% -70% before the 6 th spike fruit grows to 1-2cm, and then the relative water content of the soil is controlled to be 40% -50%;
the tomato growing period is treated by soil water control stage by stage, single-trunk pruning is carried out after the tomato is planted, 6 scions are reserved for each plant, and 3 leaves are reserved for pinching and topping after the last scion;
the tomato plant chlorine dioxide aqueous solution is treated, and when the 3 rd spike fruit of the tomato grows to be 1-2cm in size, the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution is used for carrying out first spraying on leaf surfaces; when the 5 th spike fruits grow to 1-2cm in size, spraying the aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide on the leaf surfaces for the second time;
the concentration of the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution for the first spraying is 5-7.5 mug/kg, 667m 2 The spray amount was 30kg;
the concentration of chlorine dioxide water solution in the second spraying is 7.5-10 μg/kg,667m 2 The amount of the spray was 30kg.
2. The method for planting high quality tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein said tomato plants are treated with aqueous chlorine dioxide solution, and the spraying of aqueous chlorine dioxide solution is carried out in the evening.
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