CN105961110A - Method for improving yield and quality of macadamia nut - Google Patents
Method for improving yield and quality of macadamia nut Download PDFInfo
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- CN105961110A CN105961110A CN201610292055.3A CN201610292055A CN105961110A CN 105961110 A CN105961110 A CN 105961110A CN 201610292055 A CN201610292055 A CN 201610292055A CN 105961110 A CN105961110 A CN 105961110A
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- grafting
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- yield
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving yield and quality of macadamia nuts. A main planting variety suitable to be planted locally is selected, such as Guire No. 1, A16, OC, and 695 mainly recommended in Guangxi. In the method, the Guire No. 1 is used as the main planting variety and other three varieties are used as matched varieties. In conventional planting, the Guire No. 1 accounts for 70%, and each of the A16, OC, and 695 accounts for 10%, and although a pollination effect is achieved, proportion of the main planting variety is reduced, and total benefits of yield and quality for planting the macadamia nut advantage variety are not completely realized. A main planting variety is used to graft branches of other matched varieties, and a pollination matching problem is completed on the same tree, so planting number of the main planting variety is increased, and quality and yield are improved. The whole tree of a three-year-old tree is divided into three parts, and each part is grafted with three scions of the matched varieties, one scion for each variety, and proportion of the main planting variety reaches 100%. Compared with the proportion of the main planting variety in conventional planting of 70%, the proportion is improved by 30%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to a kind of macadimia nut yield and quality of improving
Method.
Background technology
Macadimia nut (Latin literary fame；Macadamia ternifolia F.Muell.) have another name called Queensland's chestnut, Australia
Semen Juglandis, Hawaii nut, macadamia nut, be a genus of Proteaceae plant, among numerous dry fruits, Australia
The economic worth of continent nut is the highest, and the reputation usually enjoying " king of dry fruit " claims.Include nine kinds altogether, widely distributed
In Australia east (seven kinds), New Caledonia (kind, M.neurophylla), India
Nicaea Sulawesi Island (kind, M.hildebrandii).Macadimia nut is 2 to 12 meters high evergreen
Arbor, blade 3 to 6 takes turns arrangement, and oval or obovate, 6 to 30 centimeter length, 2 to 13 centimetres wealthy, limit
Edge has sawtooth.Flower is elongated raceme, single spends long 10-15 millimeter, and white, to sharing out bonus or purple, has
Four by sheet.Fruit is hard wooden bead, has an obvious summit, includes 1 to 2 seeds,
Seed can be edible.There is self-incompatibility in macadimia nut, needs to carry out interracial cross-pollination, also
That is, to raise variety, same piece of land typically to configure 4 just can guarantee that stable high yield, variety matching are raw
Very important problem on product, the macadimia nut producing now upper plantation is all the kind high with current percentage of fertile fruit
It is main, takes that distributing cotton quantity is big the most again, the period of maturation is in morning, noon and afternoon cooked food kind.Between macadimia nut kind, inflorescence opens
Putting natural law significant difference, inflorescence flower number difference is the most notable.Percentage of fertile fruit the pushing away with blossoming process of macadimia nut
And then reduce, macadimia nut peak stage of flower-pod shedding is 20-50d after the flowers are in blossom, and at this moment the fruit of more than 80% falls to, this
Section time shedding is primarily due to that Pollination Fertilization is bad to be caused, and the macadimia nut of final ripe results only accounts for initially
About about the 10% of setting number.So to carry out rational variety matching, early, in, cooked food kind mix and match,
And then improve main pollination probability of planting, raising product yield quality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method improving macadimia nut yield and quality, it is intended to improve one
Determine the quantity of main breed in planting area, then improve the yield of unit are, quality.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of method improving macadimia nut yield and quality, described raising Australia
The method of continent nut production and quality comprises the following steps:
First the main breed of local plantation is chosen；Varieties of plant configures 4 to raise variety in same piece of land；
Main breed suitable ecological district covers local kind；Pollinated variety suitable ecological to be selected district covers locality
Kind；Pollinated variety flower amount is big, point early, middle and late ripe variety matching；
Then the branch of other several collocation kinds of a main breed grafting is utilized；One the main cultivation of plantation of full garden
Kind, before macadimia nut is born fruit, 3 years age of trees, carry out grafting and the management of pollinated variety；
Finally 3 age of tree in age 3 parts of whole tree point, each part grafting collocation 3 scion of kind, often
One scion of individual kind.
Further, described engrafting method is as follows:
Good, without grafting on the main breed tree of obvious pest and disease damage at robust growth, branch；
Grafting time, spring, early March was to early April, and autumn, JIUYUE was to mid-November；
Grafting part, 3 years raw tree liftoff 0.8m of grafting mouth, every strain each kind 5 to 8 buds of grafting；3
The tree that year life is above, preferably at 1.2m, every strain each kind 8 to 12 buds of grafting, grafting mouth is selected in plagiotropic growth,
Top 10 to 15cm place from branching insertion position, the inner side (thorax result in macadimia nut) of branch；Grafting side
Method, uses cleft grafting, cut-grafting method.
Further, after described engrafting method first will prepare the kind branch defoliation of grafting, segment processing, will divide
The branch of section uses naphthalene acetic acid+indolebutyric acid 1500ppm to soak 10min process, and grafting knife is pruned the back side,
Appear xylem and cambium layer, it is desirable to bevel smooths, branch segment length 5 to 10cm；Scion requirement, select aging,
Degree of lignification high autumn in summer slightly, thick 0.5 to the 1.5cm of branch.
Further, described managing after grafting includes:
Check survival rate, after grafting 20d, check graft survival rate, though such as dead bud or survive but sprout and the longest
Budder, be both needed to benefit and connect or cut, reclosing；
Solve grafting membrane in good time, when young sprout sprouts 8 to 10, disposably solve film；
Except sprouting, remove the anvil bud in the range of 10 to the 15cm that budders；
Insect pest preventing and controlling, afternoon 4 up to 6 time spray Rogor or dichlorvos 500 again to 1000 times of liquid.
Further, described main breed select Guangxi promote mainly osmanthus heat No. 1, A16, OC, 695；With osmanthus heat 1
Number as main cultivation, A16, OC, 695 as collocation kinds.
The method improving macadimia nut yield and quality that the present invention provides, chooses the main cultivation being suitable for locality plantation
Kind, as Guangxi promote mainly osmanthus heat No. 1, A16, OC, 695, using osmanthus heat No. 1 as main cultivation, other 3
Kind is as collocation kind, and traditional plantation is to account for 70% with osmanthus heat 1, A16, OC, 695 respectively accounts for 10%
Ratio is planted, although has reached Pollination Effect, has reduced the ratio of main breed, has made plantation macadimia nut excellent
The yield of gesture kind, quality overall benefit also do not embody completely.The present invention utilize a main breed grafting its
The branch of his several collocation kinds, completes, with a tree, collocation problem of pollinating, is improve the plantation of main breed
Quantity, improves quality, yield.The present invention divides 3 parts, each part grafting main breed tree body
One kind.The each inflorescence of macadimia nut has a 100-300 flower, the every strain each kind grafting 5 of 3 years raw trees to
8 buds, it is ensured that have 5-8 a string of flowers, have 500-2400 flower；The tree that life in 3 years is above, each kind of every strain is transferred
Connect 8 to 12 buds, it is ensured that have 8-12 a string of flowers, 2400-3600 flower；Pollination needs can be met, again may be used
Make main breed ratio reach 100%, improve main breed yield, quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram improving macadimia nut yield and quality that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment,
The present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to
Explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the application principle of the present invention is explained in detail.
As it is shown in figure 1, the method improving macadimia nut yield and quality of the embodiment of the present invention includes following step
Rapid:
S101: choose main breed and the pollinated variety (more than 4 kinds) being suitable for locality plantation；
S102: utilize the branch of other several collocation kinds of a main breed grafting；
S103: 3 age 3 parts of whole of age of tree tree point, each part grafting collocation 3 scion of kind,
One scion of each kind.
In step S101, choose be suitable for locality plantation main breed, as Guangxi promote mainly osmanthus heat No. 1, A16,
OC, 695, using osmanthus heat No. 1 as main cultivation, other 3 kinds as collocation kind.
The present invention, according to the kind of differing maturity, one tree, divides early, in, late variety, can improve
Early blossoming, the pollination probability that evening is spent.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the application principle of the present invention is further described.
First main breed and the pollinated variety of local plantation are chosen；
Varieties of plant same piece of land typically to configure 4 with raise variety above (be broadly divided into main breed,
Early, middle and late cooked food kind), just can ensure that stable high yield.
Main breed first has to the kind selecting this province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government) to authorize, register, because these product
Kind have passed through for many years in this locality, multispots trial and demonstration filter out, and they are to local weather, soil
Condition and tillage system reform have stronger adaptability.Can also select that country authorizes, suitable when selecting kind
Preferably ecotope covers the kind of local administrative division.
Pollinated variety also to select the kind that this province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government) authorizes, registers, because these kinds
Have passed through in this locality for many years, multispots trial and demonstration filter out, they are to local weather, soil bar
Part and tillage system reform have stronger adaptability.It is that country authorizes, suitable to select when selecting kind
Ecotope covers the kind of local administrative division.Pollinated variety requires that flower amount is big, point early, middle and late cooked food kind
Collocation, it is ensured that main breed early blossoming, middle flower, Huadu in evening can normally be pollinated.
Then the branch of other several collocation kinds of a main breed grafting is utilized；
One main breed of full garden plantation, before macadimia nut is born fruit (3 years age of trees), carries out pollinated variety
Grafting, method is as follows:
(1) good, without grafting on the main breed tree of obvious pest and disease damage at robust growth, branch.
(2) grafting time.Spring, early March was to early April, and autumn, JIUYUE was to mid-November.
(3) grafting part, 3 years raw tree liftoff 0.8m of grafting mouth, every strain each kind 5 to 8 buds of grafting；
The tree that life in 3 years is above, preferably at 1.2m, every strain each kind 8 to 12 buds of grafting, grafting mouth is selected in the most raw
Branch, top 10 to the 15cm place from branching insertion position, the inner side (thorax result in macadimia nut) of branch.
(4) engrafting method.Use cleft grafting, cut-grafting method.Concrete operations: first will prepare the kind branch of grafting
After bar defoliation, segment processing, naphthalene acetic acid+indolebutyric acid 1500ppm is used to soak 10min in the branch of segmentation
Processing, grafting knife is pruned the back side, appears xylem and cambium layer, it is desirable to bevel smooths, branch segment length 5 to 10cm；
Scion requirement, selects the autumn in summer aging, that degree of lignification is high slightly, thick 0.5 to the 1.5cm of branch.
Manage after connecing
(1) survival rate is checked.After grafting 20d check graft survival rate, though in case of dead bud or survive sprout and
Not long budders, and is both needed to benefit and connects or cut, reclosing.
(2) solve grafting membrane in good time.When young sprout sprouts 8 to 10, disposably solve film.
(3) except sprouting.Remove the anvil bud in the range of 10 to the 15cm that budders.
(4) insect pest preventing and controlling.That endangers branch in pest and disease damage has spike top snout moth's larva (i.e. borer), harm alabastrum
Aphid, that endangers branch and leaf has white wax moth, has caterpillar to endanger during fruit maturation.Typically afternoon 4 up to 6 time
Spray Rogor or dichlorvos 500 are again to 1000 times of liquid, and prevention effect is preferable, and it should be noted that mouse and Vespertilio harm.
Finally 3 age of tree in age 3 parts of whole tree point, each part grafting collocation 3 scion of kind, often
One scion of individual kind.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all at this
Any amendment, equivalent and the improvement etc. made within bright spirit and principle, should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (5)
1. the method improving macadimia nut yield and quality, it is characterised in that described raising macadimia nut
The method of yield and quality comprises the following steps:
First the main breed of local plantation is chosen；Varieties of plant configures 4 to raise variety in same piece of land；
Main breed suitable ecological district covers local kind；Pollinated variety suitable ecological to be selected district covers locality
Kind；Pollinated variety flower amount is big, point early, middle and late ripe variety matching；
Then the branch of other several collocation kinds of a main breed grafting is utilized；One the main cultivation of plantation of full garden
Kind, before macadimia nut is born fruit, 3 years age of trees, carry out grafting and the management of pollinated variety；
Finally 3 age of tree in age 3 parts of whole tree point, each part grafting collocation 3 scion of kind, often
One scion of individual kind.
2. the method improving macadimia nut yield and quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State engrafting method as follows:
Good, without grafting on the main breed tree of obvious pest and disease damage at robust growth, branch；
Grafting time, spring, early March was to early April, and autumn, JIUYUE was to mid-November；
Grafting part, 3 years raw tree liftoff 0.8m of grafting mouth, every strain each kind 5 to 8 buds of grafting；3
The tree that year life is above, preferably at 1.2m, every strain each kind 8 to 12 buds of grafting, grafting mouth is selected in plagiotropic growth,
Top 10 to 15cm place from branching insertion position, the inner side of branch；
Engrafting method: use cleft grafting, cut-grafting method.
3. the method improving macadimia nut yield and quality as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that institute
State engrafting method first will prepare after the kind branch defoliation of grafting, segment processing, the branch of segmentation is used naphthalene
Acetic acid+indolebutyric acid 1500ppm soaks 10min process, and grafting knife is pruned the back side, appears xylem and shape
Stratification, it is desirable to bevel smooths, branch segment length 5 to 10cm；Scion requirement, select aging, degree of lignification is high
Autumn in summer slightly, thick 0.5 to the 1.5cm of branch.
4. the method improving macadimia nut yield and quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State managing after grafting to include:
Check survival rate, after grafting 20d, check graft survival rate, though such as dead bud or survive but sprout and the longest
Budder, be both needed to benefit and connect or cut, reclosing；
Solve grafting membrane in good time, when young sprout sprouts 8 to 10, disposably solve film；
Except sprouting, remove the anvil bud in the range of 10 to the 15cm that budders；
Insect pest preventing and controlling, afternoon 4 up to 6 time spray Rogor or dichlorvos 500 again to 1000 times of liquid.
5. the method improving macadimia nut yield and quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State main breed select Guangxi promote mainly osmanthus heat No. 1, A16, OC, 695；Using osmanthus heat 1 as main cultivation, A16,
OC, 695 conduct collocation kinds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610292055.3A CN105961110A (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2016-05-05 | Method for improving yield and quality of macadamia nut |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610292055.3A CN105961110A (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2016-05-05 | Method for improving yield and quality of macadamia nut |
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| CN105961110A true CN105961110A (en) | 2016-09-28 |
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| CN201610292055.3A Pending CN105961110A (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2016-05-05 | Method for improving yield and quality of macadamia nut |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107079760A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-22 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of Queensland nut interplants the implantation methods of pineapple |
| CN114982546A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-02 | 广西悠然农业开发有限公司 | Early-bearing and high-yield planting method for changing macadimia nuts into eucalyptus woodland |
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| CN102884947A (en) * | 2012-09-22 | 2013-01-23 | 郭瑞才 | High branch grafting pollination method |
| CN104585016A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-06 | 张淑芹 | Method for promoting torreya grandis to be naturally pollinated |
| CN105248154A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-20 | 云南祥凡农业科技开发股份有限公司 | Propagation method of macadamia integrifolia |
| CN105325178A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-02-17 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Top grafting method for macadamia nut |
| CN105432329A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-30 | 广西合山市润鸿农业技术有限公司 | Cultivation method for increasing grafting survival rate of macadimia nuts |
| CN105432403A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-30 | 广西合山市润鸿农业技术有限公司 | Quick cultivation method for macadimia nut seedlings |
-
2016
- 2016-05-05 CN CN201610292055.3A patent/CN105961110A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102884947A (en) * | 2012-09-22 | 2013-01-23 | 郭瑞才 | High branch grafting pollination method |
| CN104585016A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-06 | 张淑芹 | Method for promoting torreya grandis to be naturally pollinated |
| CN105325178A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-02-17 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Top grafting method for macadamia nut |
| CN105248154A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-20 | 云南祥凡农业科技开发股份有限公司 | Propagation method of macadamia integrifolia |
| CN105432329A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-30 | 广西合山市润鸿农业技术有限公司 | Cultivation method for increasing grafting survival rate of macadimia nuts |
| CN105432403A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-30 | 广西合山市润鸿农业技术有限公司 | Quick cultivation method for macadimia nut seedlings |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107079760A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-22 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of Queensland nut interplants the implantation methods of pineapple |
| CN114982546A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-02 | 广西悠然农业开发有限公司 | Early-bearing and high-yield planting method for changing macadimia nuts into eucalyptus woodland |
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Application publication date: 20160928 |