CN105918037A - Top-grafting variety-changing rapid forming cultivation method for apple trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a top-grafting variety-changing rapid forming cultivation method for apple trees, and belongs to the field of fruit tree orchard establishment and reconstruction. The cultivation method provided by the invention, by improving an existing apple top-grafting variety-changing technology, overcomes actual problems of varied varieties and big quality differences in an apple orchard due to difficulty in ensuring the varieties and quality during establishment of an orchard by transferring nursery stocks, and can ensure that the fruit trees take shapes quickly to fructify and create income, thereby avoiding great decrease of economic benefits for fruit farmers due to orchard reconstruction.

Description

A kind of apple tree branching grafting Quick-forming cultural method

Technical field

The invention belongs to fruit tree and build garden and transformation field, be specifically related to a kind of apple tree branching grafting Quick-forming Cultural method.

Background technology

Fruit tree branching grafting is the main path in transformation orchard inferior, is to use vegetative method to plant Kind carries out one of main method of breeding, and the branching grafting technology having been used up for many years is the bone of elite tree Dry branch section, as grafting part, uses whip grafting to carry out grafting, and after this kind of method height connects, fringe survival rate is relatively Low, fruit tree re-forms tree-like very slow with tree crown, and owing to the excessive fruit tree of grafting wound easily produces disease Evil, grafting cost is the highest simultaneously, badly influences the economic benefit in orchard, dampens orchard worker's Developing New Variety Confidence, is unfavorable for the development of industry.

Apple nursery stock is the basis building apple orchard, and excellent kind is that the performance of economic benefit of apple orchard later stage is established Determine basis.Along with development and the people's continuous pursuit to high quality apple of Apple Industry, kind is numerous Arising at the historic moment in many apple seedling fostering bases, constantly to scale, industrialized development, common plantation family is only Incubation nursery stock need to be bought directly plant or grafting.But along with being significantly increased of nursery stock demand, local or When single base is not provided that enough same kind nursery stocks, the apple nursery stock of identical or different kind of just need to transfering to other localities Lai Jian garden, and the nursery stock kind transfered to other localities and quality are generally difficult to ensure, cause same apple orchard kind irregular Uneven, fruit quality produces significant difference, has had a strong impact on orchard economic benefit.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved is that the orchard produced for existing a large amount of investigation mission outside the city or town apple nursery stocks is called in The practical problem that quality is difficult to ensure that, it is provided that a kind of apple tree branching grafting Quick-forming cultural method.

To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A kind of apple tree branching grafting Quick-forming cultural method, comprises the following steps:

(1), before entering the winter, in cutting down old orchard, the tree aging phenomenon that body shoot length is few, bearing capacity is low is bright Aobvious fruit tree, excavates and clears up tree root, and robust growth, disease-free fruit tree that kind is excellent are carried out Pruning and rectifying, It is labeled as elite stand；By plant ash, borax, decay sheep excrement, Chicken dung, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium powder, chernozem, Convex-concave rod stone clay presses (12～15): (3～7): (43～55): (31～42): (1～2): (22～35): the mass ratio mixing of (5～18), are added thereto to neutrality or meta-alkalescence biogas slurry while stirring, Make mixture water content reach 25-30%, obtain orchard improving fertilizer；In orchard, soil is ploughed deeply, after leveling in local Ditching on plantation row, apply orchard improving fertilizer in ditch, the soil of ditch both sides fills out ditch ridging, ridge high 5～10cm, Row spacing 30～45cm, full garden covers a layer thickness 5～10cm, the wheat straw waste powder of humidity 45%～53%, then Cover one layer of mulch film；Introduce 2 years raw dwarfing rootstock seedlings spring, plantation row is digged pit and plants；Mid or late August At 60 centimeters, carry out carrying wooden bud grafting, the then fertilising of full garden, at trunk 0.8m, plant row both sides, respectively Digging 1～2 ditch fertilising, ditch length is identical with tree crown, and improving fertilizer 4～5kg, N P and K inorganic fertilizer are executed in the every strain of elite stand 2～2.5kg, improving fertilizer 3～5kg, N P and K inorganic fertilizer 1～1.5kg are executed in the every strain of dwarfing rootstock seedling, wherein, The nitrogen of N P and K inorganic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 5:3:6；

(2) Second Year wipes out the stock of more than grafting bud spring, and clip is smeared self-control healing agent, described self-control Healing agent is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, beeswax, chitosan, compound sodium nitrophenolate, carbendazim, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium The gel that powder, polyethylene glycol, distilled water are mixed by 3:10:5:0.5:1:0.5:10:70；When watering Humic acid potassium, biogas slurry, clear water are made into nutrient solution pouring fruit tree root by the mass ratio of 1:150～200:300, Annual Increment In The Main Stem of Poplar is more than 80 centimeters then, can send Secondary Branch, when secondary shoot grows to 20 centimeters simultaneously Carrying out angle of release with toothpick, carry out turning round branch after angle is opened a business, branch angle is 90；

(3) the 3rd year spring, on the early April branch to drawing branch to process and trunk, the position of vacancy branch is equal Spray self-control nutrient solution, sprayed once every 2 days, spray 3 times altogether, then to the branch drawing branch to process On sprout smear send out branch element, simultaneously the position of vacancy branch on trunk is carried out carve bud+send out branch element process, 1 After Yue, again spray self-control nutrient solution, sprayed once every 1 day, spray 3 times altogether, and cultivate spindle Shape tree body；Described self-control nutrient solution prescription is: one-lime phosphate 0.035g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.21g/L, Ammonium molybdate 0.01mg/L, manganese sulfate 0.002g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.042g/L, NaFeEDTA sodium salt 0.057g/L, Paclobutrazol 0.01g/L；

(4) within the 4th year, sporadicly bear fruit, with branch shaping, cultivate skeleton branch, within the 5th year, just can shape and bear fruit.

Compared with prior art, the Advantageous Effects of the present invention: the present invention connects by improving existing apple height Change excellent technology, overcome investigation mission outside the city or town nursery stock and build garden and easily cause kind and difficult quality guarantee and cause apple orchard kind The practical problem that uneven, difference in quality is big, can make fruit tree Quick-forming, result extra earning, it is to avoid orchard worker Because orchard transformation causes significantly economic benefit to decline.

Detailed description of the invention

Below the present invention is described in detail with embodiment.It should be appreciated that described herein specifically Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.

Embodiment 1

Before entering the winter, in cutting down old orchard, the tree aging phenomenon that body shoot length is few, bearing capacity is low is obvious Fruit tree, excavates and clears up tree root, and robust growth, disease-free fruit tree that kind is excellent are carried out Pruning and rectifying, It is labeled as elite stand；By plant ash, borax, decay sheep excrement, Chicken dung, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium powder, chernozem, Convex-concave rod stone clay presses the mass ratio mixing of 12:3:43:31:1:22:5, adds the most wherein Enter neutrality or meta-alkalescence biogas slurry, make mixture water content reach 25%, obtain orchard improving fertilizer；Local in orchard Ploughing deeply soil, ditch after leveling on plantation row, apply orchard improving fertilizer in ditch, the soil of ditch both sides fills out ditch also Ridging, ridge height 5cm, row spacing 30cm, full garden covers the wheat straw waste powder of a layer thickness 5cm, humidity 45%, Cover one layer of mulch film again；Introduce 2 years raw dwarfing rootstock seedlings spring, plantation row is digged pit and plants；Under in 8 months At 60 centimeter, carry out carrying wooden bud grafting, the then fertilising of full garden ten days, at trunk 0.8m, plant row both sides, Respectively digging 1 ditch fertilising, ditch length is identical with tree crown, and improving fertilizer 4kg, N P and K inorganic fertilizer 2kg are executed in the every strain of elite stand, Improving fertilizer 3kg, N P and K inorganic fertilizer 1kg are executed in the every strain of dwarfing rootstock seedling, wherein, the nitrogen of N P and K inorganic fertilizer, Phosphorus, potassium ratio are 5:3:6.Second Year wipes out the stock of more than grafting bud spring, clip is smeared self-control and promotees More agent, described self-control healing agent is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, beeswax, chitosan, compound sodium nitrophenolate, many bacterium Spirit, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium powder, polyethylene glycol, distilled water are mixed by 3:10:5:0.5:1:0.5:10:70 Gel；When watering, humic acid potassium, biogas slurry, clear water by the mass ratio of 1:150:300, are made into nutrient solution and water Filling fruit tree root, Annual Increment In The Main Stem of Poplar is more than 80 centimeters then, can send Secondary Branch, secondary shoot length simultaneously Carrying out angle of release to when 20 centimeters with toothpick, carry out turning round branch after angle is opened a business, branch angle is 90.3rd Nian Chun, on the early April branch to drawing branch to process and trunk, self-control battalion is all sprayed at the position of vacancy branch Nutrient solution, sprayed once every 2 days, sprays altogether 3 times, is then coated with the sprout on the branch drawing branch to process Smear and send out branch element, the position of vacancy branch on trunk is carried out carve a bud+branch element simultaneously and processes, after January, then Secondary sprinkling makes nutrient solution by oneself, sprays once every 1 day, sprays 3 times altogether, and cultivates spindle tree body；Institute Stating self-control nutrient solution prescription is: one-lime phosphate 0.035g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.21g/L, ammonium molybdate 0.01mg/L, manganese sulfate 0.002g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.042g/L, NaFeEDTA sodium salt 0.057g/L, many Effect azoles 0.01g/L.Within 4th year, sporadicly bear fruit, with branch shaping, cultivate skeleton branch, within the 5th year, just can shape and bear fruit.

Embodiment 2

Before entering the winter, in cutting down old orchard, the tree aging phenomenon that body shoot length is few, bearing capacity is low is obvious Fruit tree, excavates and clears up tree root, and robust growth, disease-free fruit tree that kind is excellent are carried out Pruning and rectifying, It is labeled as elite stand；By plant ash, borax, decay sheep excrement, Chicken dung, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium powder, chernozem, Convex-concave rod stone clay presses the mass ratio mixing of 15:7:55:42:2:35:18, adds the most wherein Enter neutrality or meta-alkalescence biogas slurry, make mixture water content reach 30%, obtain orchard improving fertilizer；Local in orchard Ploughing deeply soil, ditch after leveling on plantation row, apply orchard improving fertilizer in ditch, the soil of ditch both sides fills out ditch also Ridging, ridge height 10cm, row spacing 45cm, full garden covers the wheat straw waste powder of a layer thickness 10cm, humidity 53%, Cover one layer of mulch film again；Introduce 2 years raw dwarfing rootstock seedlings spring, plantation row is digged pit and plants；Under in 8 months At 60 centimeter, carry out carrying wooden bud grafting, the then fertilising of full garden ten days, at trunk 0.8m, plant row both sides, Respectively digging 2 ditch fertilisings, ditch length is identical with tree crown, and improving fertilizer 5kg, N P and K inorganic fertilizer 2.5kg are executed in the every strain of elite stand, Improving fertilizer 5kg, N P and K inorganic fertilizer 1.5kg are executed in the every strain of dwarfing rootstock seedling, wherein, the nitrogen of N P and K inorganic fertilizer, Phosphorus, potassium ratio are 5:3:6.Second Year wipes out the stock of more than grafting bud spring, clip is smeared self-control and promotees More agent, described self-control healing agent is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, beeswax, chitosan, compound sodium nitrophenolate, many bacterium Spirit, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium powder, polyethylene glycol, distilled water are mixed by 3:10:5:0.5:1:0.5:10:70 Gel；When watering, humic acid potassium, biogas slurry, clear water by the mass ratio of 1:200:300, are made into nutrient solution and water Filling fruit tree root, Annual Increment In The Main Stem of Poplar is more than 80 centimeters then, can send Secondary Branch, secondary shoot length simultaneously Carrying out angle of release to when 20 centimeters with toothpick, carry out turning round branch after angle is opened a business, branch angle is 90.3rd Nian Chun, on the early April branch to drawing branch to process and trunk, self-control battalion is all sprayed at the position of vacancy branch Nutrient solution, sprayed once every 2 days, sprays altogether 3 times, is then coated with the sprout on the branch drawing branch to process Smear and send out branch element, the position of vacancy branch on trunk is carried out carve a bud+branch element simultaneously and processes, after January, then Secondary sprinkling makes nutrient solution by oneself, sprays once every 1 day, sprays 3 times altogether, and cultivates spindle tree body；Institute Stating self-control nutrient solution prescription is: one-lime phosphate 0.035g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.21g/L, ammonium molybdate 0.01mg/L, manganese sulfate 0.002g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.042g/L, NaFeEDTA sodium salt 0.057g/L, many Effect azoles 0.01g/L.Within 4th year, sporadicly bear fruit, with branch shaping, cultivate skeleton branch, within the 5th year, just can shape and bear fruit.

Embodiment 3

Before entering the winter, in cutting down old orchard, the tree aging phenomenon that body shoot length is few, bearing capacity is low is obvious Fruit tree, excavates and clears up tree root, and robust growth, disease-free fruit tree that kind is excellent are carried out Pruning and rectifying, It is labeled as elite stand；By plant ash, borax, decay sheep excrement, Chicken dung, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium powder, chernozem, Convex-concave rod stone clay presses the mass ratio mixing of 13:5:50:35:1.5:32:12, the most wherein Add neutral or meta-alkalescence biogas slurry, make mixture water content reach 27.5%, obtain orchard improving fertilizer；In orchard Soil is ploughed deeply in local, ditches after leveling on plantation row, applies orchard improving fertilizer in ditch, and the soil of ditch both sides is filled out Ditch ridging, ridge height 10cm, row spacing 40cm, full garden covers the wheat straw straw of a layer thickness 10cm, humidity 50% Stalk powder, then cover one layer of mulch film；Introduce 2 years raw dwarfing rootstock seedlings spring, plantation row is digged pit and plants；8 At 60 centimeters, carry out carrying wooden bud grafting, the then fertilising of full garden, plantation row at trunk 0.8m the middle ten days and the last ten days moon Both sides, respectively dig the fertilising of 2 ditches, and ditch length is identical with tree crown, the every strain of elite stand execute improving fertilizer 4.5kg, N P and K without Machine fertilizer 2.2kg, improving fertilizer 4kg, N P and K inorganic fertilizer 1.2kg, wherein, nitrogen phosphorus are executed in the every strain of dwarfing rootstock seedling The nitrogen of potassium inorganic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 5:3:6.Second Year wipes out the stock of more than grafting bud spring, right Clip smears self-control healing agent, described self-control healing agent be potassium dihydrogen phosphate, beeswax, chitosan, Compound sodium nitrophenolate, carbendazim, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium powder, polyethylene glycol, distilled water press 3:10:5:0.5:1:0.5:10:70 The gel being mixed；When watering, humic acid potassium, biogas slurry, clear water are joined by the mass ratio of 1:180:300 Becoming nutrient solution pouring fruit tree root, Annual Increment In The Main Stem of Poplar is more than 80 centimeters then, can send Secondary Branch simultaneously, Carrying out angle of release with toothpick when secondary shoot grows to 20 centimeters, carry out turning round branch after angle is opened a business, branch angle is 90゜.In 3rd year spring, on the early April branch to drawing branch to process and trunk, the position of vacancy branch is equal Spray self-control nutrient solution, sprayed once every 2 days, spray 3 times altogether, then to the branch drawing branch to process On sprout smear send out branch element, simultaneously the position of vacancy branch on trunk is carried out carve bud+send out branch element process, 1 After Yue, again spray self-control nutrient solution, sprayed once every 1 day, spray 3 times altogether, and cultivate spindle Shape tree body；Described self-control nutrient solution prescription is: one-lime phosphate 0.035g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.21g/L, Ammonium molybdate 0.01mg/L, manganese sulfate 0.002g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.042g/L, NaFeEDTA sodium salt 0.057g/L, Paclobutrazol 0.01g/L.Within 4th year, sporadicly bear fruit, with branch shaping, cultivate skeleton branch, within the 5th year, just can shape extension Really.

Claims (1)

1. an apple tree branching grafting Quick-forming cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1), before entering the winter, in cutting down old orchard, the tree aging phenomenon that body shoot length is few, bearing capacity is low is bright Aobvious fruit tree, excavates and clears up tree root, and robust growth, disease-free fruit tree that kind is excellent are carried out Pruning and rectifying, It is labeled as elite stand；By plant ash, borax, decay sheep excrement, Chicken dung, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium powder, chernozem, Convex-concave rod stone clay press (12～15): (3～7): (43～55): (31～42): (1～2): (22～ 35): the mass ratio mixing of (5～18), it is added thereto to neutrality or meta-alkalescence biogas slurry while stirring, makes mixing Thing water content reaches 25-30%, obtains orchard improving fertilizer；In orchard, soil is ploughed deeply in local, in plantation after leveling Ditching on row, apply orchard improving fertilizer in ditch, the soil of ditch both sides fills out ditch ridging, ridge high 5～10cm, row spacing 30～45cm, full garden covers a layer thickness 5～10cm, the wheat straw waste powder of humidity 45%～53%, then covers One layer of mulch film；Introduce 2 years raw dwarfing rootstock seedlings spring, plantation row is digged pit and plants；Mid or late August exists Carry out carrying wooden bud grafting at 60 centimeters, then the fertilising of full garden, plantation row both sides away from trunk 0.8m at, respectively dig 1～ Article 2, ditch fertilising, ditch length is identical with tree crown, the every strain of elite stand execute improving fertilizer 4～5kg, N P and K inorganic fertilizer 2～ 2.5kg, improving fertilizer 3～5kg, N P and K inorganic fertilizer 1～1.5kg, wherein, nitrogen are executed in the every strain of dwarfing rootstock seedling The nitrogen of phosphorus potassium inorganic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 5:3:6；

(2) Second Year wipes out the stock of more than grafting bud spring, and clip is smeared self-control healing agent, described self-control Healing agent is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, beeswax, chitosan, compound sodium nitrophenolate, carbendazim, Trichodermaharzianum Rifai bacterium The gel that powder, polyethylene glycol, distilled water are mixed by 3:10:5:0.5:1:0.5:10:70；When watering Humic acid potassium, biogas slurry, clear water are made into nutrient solution pouring fruit tree root by the mass ratio of 1:150～200:300, Annual Increment In The Main Stem of Poplar is more than 80 centimeters then, can send Secondary Branch, when secondary shoot grows to 20 centimeters simultaneously Carrying out angle of release with toothpick, carry out turning round branch after angle is opened a business, branch angle is 90；

(3) the 3rd year spring, on the early April branch to drawing branch to process and trunk, the position of vacancy branch is equal Spray self-control nutrient solution, sprayed once every 2 days, spray 3 times altogether, then to the branch drawing branch to process On sprout smear send out branch element, simultaneously the position of vacancy branch on trunk is carried out carve bud+send out branch element process, 1 After Yue, again spray self-control nutrient solution, sprayed once every 1 day, spray 3 times altogether, and cultivate spindle Shape tree body；Described self-control nutrient solution prescription is: one-lime phosphate 0.035g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.21g/L, Ammonium molybdate 0.01mg/L, manganese sulfate 0.002g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.042g/L, NaFeEDTA sodium salt 0.057g/L, Paclobutrazol 0.01g/L；

(4) within the 4th year, sporadicly bear fruit, with branch shaping, cultivate skeleton branch, within the 5th year, just can shape and bear fruit.