CN105325230A - Method for improving low-yield aged jujube yard in sandy land - Google Patents

Method for improving low-yield aged jujube yard in sandy land Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105325230A
CN105325230A CN201510636331.9A CN201510636331A CN105325230A CN 105325230 A CN105325230 A CN 105325230A CN 201510636331 A CN201510636331 A CN 201510636331A CN 105325230 A CN105325230 A CN 105325230A
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jujube
grafting
scion
tree
stock
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CN201510636331.9A
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王宝珠
周晋成
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Jingtai Jincheng Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Jingtai Jincheng Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510636331.9A priority Critical patent/CN105325230A/en
Publication of CN105325230A publication Critical patent/CN105325230A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving a low-yield aged jujube yard in sandy land. The method is characterized by comprising specific steps: a, grafting aged jujube trees; b, replanting wild jujubes; c, grafting the wild jujubes; d, performing branch management after grafting; e, and planting high-stem plants. Started with breed improvement, jun jujubes in good stock are introduced to graft and transform an aged orchard, a dwarf and close planting technology is applied, bud picking and trimming are more convenient, and management cost is reduced. The method reduces labor intensity, improves yield and quality, and effectively improves planting level of Chinese-date, and achieves objectives of increasing agricultural efficiency and farmer's income.

Description

A kind of method improveing the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production, being specifically related to is a kind of method improveing the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying.
Background technology
Jujube tree is the peculiar jujube tree of original China, so far the cultivation history of existing more than 3,000 year, and in long-term cultivation training process, jujube tree creates a large amount of variations.The various factors such as to deposit due to natural hybrization gene mutation and multiple propagation method, same breed difference is very large, in growth is solid etc., show great difference.In recent years, domestic each scientific research institutions adopt vigorous measures developing china red dates industry, dropped into a large amount of human and material resources, red dates industry development level that financial resources make China improves rapidly, have developed large quantities of high-quality red date kind.Forestry technology research institute of Shanxi Province has carried out the research work of large-area jujube tree fine-variety breeding, selects precocity, high yield, the especially big fruit type new varieties of high-quality--No. one, fine horse jujube, and 2003 is high quality tree species by the authorization of the forest variety certification committee of Shanxi Province.
China's red date place of production mainly concentrates on Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan.Current Xinjiang red dates cultivated area has reached 6,500,000 mu of high pointes, accounts for nearly 1/3rd of national total area.The plantation of fine horse jujube is greatly developed on the ground such as Xinjiang in Recent Years and field, and area, more than 300,000 mu, achieves good economic benefit.Also in the plantation of development fine horse jujube, but start late in the ground such as Dunhuang, Gansu Province, Minqin, cultivated area is little, and output is not high.
Jingtai Region of Gansu jujube tree cultivated area more than 50,000 mu, varieties of plant is based on local osculum jujube.More than this area's jujube tree plantation history a century, do not carry out effective breed improvement and purification and rejuvenation work all the time, cause that native breed degenerates, to mix phenomenon serious, cause and local produce date price declines, jujube agriculture has been absorbed in that Higher output is not accompanied by a higher income, the vicious circle of increment not synergy, serious contusion peasant plants the enthusiasm of jujube.Jingtai County introduced fine horse jujube scion grafting successively from 2013, current grafting area more than 6000 mu.Although the fine horse jujube compared with local jujube after grafting is with the obvious advantage, because the fine horse jujube that variet complexity, graft technology are low and daily management measure is not in place etc. after reason causes whole county grafting does not also play larger benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method improveing the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of method improveing the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying, is characterized in that concrete steps are:
A. old jujube tree grafting: in Jingtai Region of Gansu, in the first tenday period of a month in May, treats that temperature gos up, and temperature stabilization, more than 5 DEG C, carries out grafting when the activity of tree body enlivens; To grow the old jujube tree mixing kind of Gansu osculum jujube of more than 5 years for stock, carry out grafting improved with the dwarfted varieties scion being applicable to local dense planting;
B. reseed wild jujube: while the old jujube tree grafting in jujube garden, in the middle of old jujube tree, plantation full grain is without injured spina date seed, 5, every cave, planting depth 2cm, and wild jujube seedling is timely thinning after emerging, and every cave keeps 1 sapling;
C. wild jujube grafting: after wild jujube grows a year, carries out grafting at Second Year, with wild jujube seedling for stock, carries out grafting with the dwarfted varieties scion of applicable local dense planting; Grafting is after 2 years, and jujube garden is shaped, and keeps line-spacing 2.5 meters, spacing in the rows 1 meter;
D. branch management after grafting: the rudiment will erased in time on stock after grafting, uses cut binder when sprouting grows to 20-30cm, starts interface August and heals completely after lignification and remove binder; Control after grafting to nourish and grow, tooth is smeared in timely pinching, and control shoot growth accumulation nutrient and height, jujube tree Altitude control is below 1.6 meters; Honeybee is put in jujube garden, increases pollination medium;
E. plant and plant high culm plant: it is vigorous that jujube tree scion survives rear growth, branches and leaves weight is large, runs into wind and rain weather and easily fractures at interface, for avoiding damage, between every two row jujube trees, plant long-stalked crops according to spacing in the rows 10-15cm kind after grafting completes, while winter pruning jujube tree, gather in long-stalked crops;
Daily management method is as follows:
Early March adds fertilizer, based on barnyard manure, night soil fertilizer, is auxiliary with biogas residue and biogas liquid, every mu of consumption 6-8 cubic meter; Pour water before grafting once, water permeable; After grafting, treat scion sprout bloom to jujube tree before water in time once, fruit expanding period is watered once, require water foot irrigate; Come into bloom in 20 days for improving percentage of fertile fruit, just bloomed to during first flower setting from jujube tree, forbidden to water, fruit maturation is in earlier stage forbidden to water and is prevented dehiscent fruit for 20 days; Jujube tree just the fruit phase, fruit expanding period, prematuration period respectively spray foliar fertilizer 1 time; The first fruit phase is opening half circular shallow ridges, ditch depth 10-20 centimetre apart from jujube tree one meter of, imposes composite fertilizer and covers with soil.
Scion jujube cultivars is fine horse jujube.
Long-stalked crops are corn, jowar, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.
Jujube tree diameter is greater than 1.5cm and adopts slotting pico farad grafting; Diameter adopts the grafting of side grafting method at 0.8-1.5cm.
Inserting pico farad concrete steps is: in scion lower end far from 2-3cm place, cross section, cut sth. askew downwards with cutter, tangent plane Cheng Maer shape inclined-plane exceedes a heart, then cuts a length over there and be about 0.5cm little bevel formation wedge shape, cuts mouthful base portion section closely " one " font; When trunk diameter 1.5-2.5cm apart from ground 20-30cm, during trunk diameter 2.5-10cm, distance 40-50cm place, ground is by sawed-off for old jujube tree, and stock section keeps 45 degree of inclined-planes; The standardized bar longitudinal incision in stock smooth cut place scabbled, slightly shorter than scion, deeply reach xylem, then the scion of cutting is inserted, long bevel is facing to xylem, and insertion depth is advisable to expose 0.3cm tangent plane above scion, finally with plastics cloth, interface tighten is obturaged;
Side grafting method concrete steps are: it is identical with cortex grafting method that method is cut in scion, flush with ground cuts off jujube seedling, stock section is cut into 45 degree of inclined-planes, the otch of about 30 degree is cut to declivity in the side high on inclined-plane, it is equal that mouthful length is cut in incision length and scion, otch reaches xylem deeply, and horizontal stroke can not exceed 1/3 of stock interface deeply, grows in order to avoid affect trunk or causes windbreak; By inside for side long for scion inclined-plane, insert in stock otch, form layer alignment, interface tighten is obturaged by the film plastic material strip wide with 2-2.5cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. start with from breed improvement, the fine horse jujube that introduces good strains of seeds carries out grafting renovation to old orchard, implements Cold region apple technology, and bud picking is pruned convenient, and management cost reduces.Reduce labour intensity, improve seed output and quality, date plantation level can be promoted effectively, reach the object of growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income.
2. changing jujube agriculture is in the past the present situation improving tall and big tree yield and use high-effective chemical fertilizer in a large number, by using farmyard manure, changing soil structure, culture fertility, improving land resources comprehensive utilization ratio.Can be changed in the past to towering tree broad irrigation phenomenon by Cold region apple, using water wisely, improves the availability of water resource.Economic, society, ecological benefits are remarkable.
Embodiment
Be described principle of the present invention and feature below, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, a kind of method improveing the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying, is characterized in that concrete steps are:
A. old jujube tree grafting: in Jingtai Region of Gansu, in the first tenday period of a month in May, treats that temperature gos up, and temperature stabilization, more than 5 DEG C, carries out grafting when the activity of tree body enlivens; To grow the old jujube tree mixing kind of Gansu osculum jujube of more than 5 years for stock, carry out grafting improved with the dwarfted varieties scion being applicable to local dense planting;
B. reseed wild jujube: while the old jujube tree grafting in jujube garden, in the middle of old jujube tree, plantation full grain is without injured spina date seed, 5, every cave, planting depth 2cm, and wild jujube seedling is timely thinning after emerging, and every cave keeps 1 sapling;
C. wild jujube grafting: after wild jujube grows a year, carries out grafting at Second Year, with wild jujube seedling for stock, carries out grafting with the dwarfted varieties scion of applicable local dense planting; Grafting is after 2 years, and jujube garden is shaped, and keeps line-spacing 2.5 meters, spacing in the rows 1 meter;
D. branch management after grafting: the rudiment will erased in time on stock after grafting, uses cut binder when sprouting grows to 20-30cm, starts interface August and heals completely after lignification and remove binder; Control after grafting to nourish and grow, tooth is smeared in timely pinching, and control shoot growth accumulation nutrient and height, jujube tree Altitude control is below 1.6 meters; Honeybee is put in jujube garden, increases pollination medium;
E. plant and plant high culm plant: it is vigorous that jujube tree scion survives rear growth, branches and leaves weight is large, runs into wind and rain weather and easily fractures at interface, for avoiding damage, between every two row jujube trees, plant long-stalked crops according to spacing in the rows 10-15cm kind after grafting completes, while winter pruning jujube tree, gather in long-stalked crops;
Daily management method is as follows:
Early March adds fertilizer, based on barnyard manure, night soil fertilizer, is auxiliary with biogas residue and biogas liquid, every mu of consumption 6-8 cubic meter; Pour water before grafting once, water permeable; After grafting, treat scion sprout bloom to jujube tree before water in time once, fruit expanding period is watered once, require water foot irrigate; Come into bloom in 20 days for improving percentage of fertile fruit, just bloomed to during first flower setting from jujube tree, forbidden to water, fruit maturation is in earlier stage forbidden to water and is prevented dehiscent fruit for 20 days; Jujube tree just the fruit phase, fruit expanding period, prematuration period respectively spray foliar fertilizer 1 time; The first fruit phase is opening half circular shallow ridges, ditch depth 10-20 centimetre apart from jujube tree one meter of, imposes composite fertilizer and covers with soil.
Scion jujube cultivars is fine horse jujube.
Long-stalked crops are corn, jowar, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.
Jujube tree diameter is greater than 1.5cm and adopts slotting pico farad grafting; Diameter adopts the grafting of side grafting method at 0.8-1.5cm.
Inserting pico farad concrete steps is: in scion lower end far from 2-3cm place, cross section, cut sth. askew downwards with cutter, tangent plane Cheng Maer shape inclined-plane exceedes a heart, then cuts a length over there and be about 0.5cm little bevel formation wedge shape, cuts mouthful base portion section closely " one " font; When trunk diameter 1.5-2.5cm apart from ground 20-30cm, during trunk diameter 2.5-10cm, distance 40-50cm place, ground is by sawed-off for old jujube tree, and stock section keeps 45 degree of inclined-planes; The standardized bar longitudinal incision in stock smooth cut place scabbled, slightly shorter than scion, deeply reach xylem, then the scion of cutting is inserted, long bevel is facing to xylem, and insertion depth is advisable to expose 0.3cm tangent plane above scion, finally with plastics cloth, interface tighten is obturaged;
Side grafting method concrete steps are: it is identical with cortex grafting method that method is cut in scion, flush with ground cuts off jujube seedling, stock section is cut into 45 degree of inclined-planes, the otch of about 30 degree is cut to declivity in the side high on inclined-plane, it is equal that mouthful length is cut in incision length and scion, otch reaches xylem deeply, and horizontal stroke can not exceed 1/3 of stock interface deeply, grows in order to avoid affect trunk or causes windbreak; By inside for side long for scion inclined-plane, insert in stock otch, form layer alignment, interface tighten is obturaged by the film plastic material strip wide with 2-2.5cm.
After fine horse jujube Cold region apple, every mu of ground carries plants 360 strain jujube trees, and every tree produces fine horse jujube 10 jin, and every mu of ground output about 3000 jin, fine horse jujube price per jin is by 5 yuan, and calculate every mu of ground and can obtain direct economic benefit 15000 yuan, net profit can reach 10000 yuan.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. improve the method in the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying, it is characterized in that concrete steps are:
A. old jujube tree grafting: in the first tenday period of a month in May, treat that temperature gos up, temperature stabilization, more than 5 DEG C, carries out grafting when the activity of tree body enlivens; To grow the old jujube tree mixing kind of Gansu osculum jujube of more than 5 years for stock, carry out grafting improved with the dwarfted varieties scion being applicable to local dense planting;
B. reseed wild jujube: while the old jujube tree grafting in jujube garden, in the middle of old jujube tree, plantation full grain is without injured spina date seed, 5, every cave, planting depth 2cm, and wild jujube seedling is timely thinning after emerging, and every cave keeps 1 sapling;
C. wild jujube grafting: after wild jujube grows a year, carries out grafting at Second Year, with wild jujube seedling for stock, carries out grafting with the dwarfted varieties scion of applicable local dense planting; Grafting is after 2 years, and jujube garden is shaped, and keeps line-spacing 2.5 meters, spacing in the rows 1 meter;
D. branch management after grafting: the rudiment will erased in time on stock after grafting, uses cut binder when sprouting grows to 20-30cm, starts interface August and heals completely after lignification and remove binder; Control after grafting to nourish and grow, tooth is smeared in timely pinching, and control shoot growth accumulation nutrient and height, jujube tree Altitude control is below 1.6 meters; Honeybee is put in jujube garden, increases pollination medium;
E. plant and plant high culm plant: after grafting completes, between every two row jujube trees, plant long-stalked crops according to spacing in the rows 10-15cm kind, while winter pruning jujube tree, gather in long-stalked crops;
Daily management method is as follows:
Early March adds fertilizer, based on barnyard manure, night soil fertilizer, is auxiliary with biogas residue and biogas liquid, every mu of consumption 6-8 cubic meter; Pour water before grafting once, water permeable; After grafting, treat scion sprout bloom to jujube tree before water in time once, fruit expanding period is watered once, require water foot irrigate; Come into bloom in 20 days for improving percentage of fertile fruit, just bloomed to during first flower setting from jujube tree, forbidden to water, fruit maturation is in earlier stage forbidden to water and is prevented dehiscent fruit for 20 days; Jujube tree just the fruit phase, fruit expanding period, prematuration period respectively spray foliar fertilizer 1 time; The first fruit phase is opening half circular shallow ridges, ditch depth 10-20 centimetre apart from jujube tree one meter of, imposes composite fertilizer and covers with soil.
2. a kind of method improveing the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: scion jujube cultivars is fine horse jujube.
3. a kind of method improveing the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: long-stalked crops are corn, jowar, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.
4. a kind of method improveing the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: jujube tree diameter is greater than 1.5cm and adopts slotting pico farad grafting; Diameter adopts the grafting of side grafting method at 0.8-1.5cm.
5. a kind of method improveing the aging jujube garden of low yield, ground of desertifying as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that slotting pico farad concrete steps are:
In scion lower end far from 2-3cm place, cross section, cut sth. askew downwards with cutter, tangent plane Cheng Maer shape inclined-plane exceedes a heart, then cuts a length over there and be about the little bevel of 0.5cm and form wedge shape, cuts nearly " one " font of mouthful base portion section; When trunk diameter 1.5-2.5cm apart from ground 20-30cm, during trunk diameter 2.5-10cm, distance 40-50cm place, ground is by sawed-off for old jujube tree, and stock section keeps 45 degree of inclined-planes; The standardized bar longitudinal incision in stock smooth cut place scabbled, slightly shorter than scion, deeply reach xylem, then the scion of cutting is inserted, long bevel is facing to xylem, and insertion depth is advisable to expose 0.3cm tangent plane above scion, finally with plastics cloth, interface tighten is obturaged;
Side grafting method concrete steps are: it is identical with cortex grafting method that method is cut in scion, flush with ground cuts off jujube seedling, stock section is cut into 45 degree of inclined-planes, the otch of about 30 degree is cut to declivity in the side high on inclined-plane, it is equal that mouthful length is cut in incision length and scion, otch reaches xylem deeply, and horizontal stroke can not exceed 1/3 of stock interface deeply, grows in order to avoid affect trunk or causes windbreak; By inside for side long for scion inclined-plane, insert in stock otch, form layer alignment, interface tighten is obturaged by the film plastic material strip wide with 2-2.5cm.
CN201510636331.9A 2015-09-30 2015-09-30 Method for improving low-yield aged jujube yard in sandy land Pending CN105325230A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105918037A (en) * 2016-04-24 2016-09-07 李建明 Top-grafting variety-changing rapid forming cultivation method for apple trees

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4724276A (en) * 1986-08-07 1988-02-09 Ecke Jr Paul Process for altering poinsettia growth characteristics
CN103583299A (en) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-19 郎溪县侯村蜜枣场 Dwarfing close-planting high-yield cultivation method of milk jujubes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4724276A (en) * 1986-08-07 1988-02-09 Ecke Jr Paul Process for altering poinsettia growth characteristics
CN103583299A (en) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-19 郎溪县侯村蜜枣场 Dwarfing close-planting high-yield cultivation method of milk jujubes

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105918037A (en) * 2016-04-24 2016-09-07 李建明 Top-grafting variety-changing rapid forming cultivation method for apple trees

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