CN113068558B - Dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves - Google Patents
Dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves Download PDFInfo
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- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009668 clonal growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 62
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000592344 Spermatophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000004789 Rosa xanthina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220222 Rosaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001092459 Rubus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and discloses a dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a planting area; 2) soil preparation and ridge rising; 3) selecting varieties and seedlings; 4) planting; 5) cultivating and managing the vegetative strains; 6) cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant; 7) and (5) cultivating and managing the fruits and the leaves. The invention provides a sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose ecological planting method according to the clonal growth of sweet tea, the alternation of parent plant and sub-plant generations and the sprouting characteristics of the sweet tea, the planting method can harvest fruits and leaves in the same year, the total annual acre yield of the fruits and the leaves in the third year can reach 13472 yuan, the average acre yield in the first three years can reach 7392 yuan, the sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose cultivation is realized, the ecological benefit of sweet tea planting is improved, the balanced harvest of the sweet tea fruit and leaves is realized, the planting income is improved, the cultivation method is simple, the large-scale popularization is easy, and an effective planting method is provided for improving the economic income of local masses in mountainous areas in the south of China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves.
Background
The sweet tea in Guangxi province is perennial shrub of rubus in Rosaceae, is an extremely precious characteristic resource plant with 3 effects of tea, sugar and medicine, which is specific to Guangxi province, the sweet tea can be drunk as tea, the extracted sweet tea can be used as food sweet seasoning, the root has the effects of detumescence, hemostasis and the like, the leaf has the effects of clearing heat, moistening lung and resisting allergy, and the sweet tea becomes a characteristic medicinal plant with great development prospect in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine, health care, beauty and skin care in the world at present.
Most of the sweet tea naturally grows by the reproduction and renewal of tillering seedlings, wherein the branch with the sprouting of adventitious buds of branch roots can reach several meters from a mother plant and is a typical rhizome clone plant, new branch plants sprout from the adventitious buds of the root part and the horizontal branch root in 2 to 3 months every year, the growth stops in about 7 months, branches and leaves are basically shaped, branches and leaves are luxuriant, leaves gradually turn yellow and fall after 11 months, overwintering mixed buds are formed in most leaf armpits of lateral branches, young sweet tea plants enter a sexual maturity stage after one year growth, the overwintering buds on the lateral branches sprout in the next 2 months, new tips and flowers are extracted, the leaves expand first, new branch plants sprout from the roots, the fruit maturity stage is 5 to 6 months, the plants die gradually after fruit maturity, the overground part of each sweet tea plant has annual and biennial seed plants and biennial mother plants, the plants die after each year, and the plants are circulated in such a way, the generations alternate, so that the seedlings can be harvested for many years only by planting once.
Traditionally, the sweet tea is a perennial leaf picking medicinal plant, and due to extensive management and lack of understanding of clone growth characteristics of the sweet tea, the sweet tea is sold according to 20 yuan per kg, the yield per mu is 5000 yuan, the market value of sweet tea fruits is higher and higher in recent years, and the market price of dry fruits is 60 yuan per kg, so that the development of a fruit and leaf dual-purpose planting technology of the sweet tea is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the dual-purpose economic attribute of sweet tea leaves, but the traditional planting only aims at picking leaves, the planting technology is backward, and the current situation of the dual-purpose planting technology of the sweet tea leaves is further lacked, the dual-purpose ecological planting method of the sweet tea leaves is provided according to the clone growth of the sweet tea, the generation alternation of parent plants and sub-plants and the sprouting characteristics of the parent plants and the sub-plants, so that the dual-purpose planting of the sweet tea leaves is realized, and the economic and ecological benefits of the sweet tea planting are improved.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a planting area: in southern hills or mountainous areas, flat lands or terraced lands which are fertile in soil, good in drainage and free of water accumulation are selected as the sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose planting lands;
2) soil preparation and ridge raising: mechanically or manually and comprehensively preparing land, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, after the land is ploughed for 1 time in a whole way, 500-1000 kg of decomposed manure or compost is scattered per mu, the manure is turned into the soil to be used as base fertilizer, then the manure is finely prepared and harrowed, a ridge is formed after land preparation, the ridge width is 1.4m, the ridge height is 6cm, the ridge length is not limited, and the ridge interval is 0.6 m;
3) selecting varieties and seedlings: the planting variety is Yaoshan sweet tea No. 1, and the seedling is the current-year root-growing tillering seedling;
4) planting: planting a row of sweet tea in the center of each ridge, digging planting pits along the center, planting 1 plant in each planting pit in the center of each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 2.0m, the row spacing is 2m, the specification of the planting pits is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, applying 1kg of decomposed pig manure as a base fertilizer, carefully digging the annual root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea in spring when the root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea are 30-60 cm high, and planting the seedlings in the same day;
5) and (3) cultivation and management of the nutrient plants: in the same year of planting, except timely removing weeds, topping the seedlings when the seedlings are 110cm high, keeping the seedlings 100cm high, when the plants basically stop growing, carrying out topping bud leaf picking on the whole plants, trimming withered, weak and diseased branches after leaf picking, cleaning a plantation, applying 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu, and avoiding digging to hurt the roots of the sweet tea which transversely runs;
6) Cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant: the method comprises the following steps that 1 plant of each parent plant transplanted in the previous year in the second year is kept at the base part of the parent plant and the strongest root-tillering seedling close to the median position of 2 parent plants, the parent plants are respectively called as a base part child plant and a distant child plant, the child plants are kept at the height of 100cm and are topped, the rest root-tillering seedlings are sheared off by adhering to the ground, the parent plant in the whole year is harvested for 2 times, the distant child plants are harvested for 2 times, the base part child plant is not harvested to serve as a next-year fruiting parent plant, the next-year fruiting parent plant is harvested for 4 times, and the first year is pruned, composted and fertilized in winter;
7) and (3) fruit and leaf dual-purpose cultivation management: and in the third year, the top pruning and the retaining mode of the newly germinated sub-plants are the same as those in the second year, when the fruits of the mother plants turn yellow from green, the horizontal trimming and leaf picking and fruit picking are carried out on the mother plants, the height of the tree bodies of the mother plants is kept to be 100cm, the new buds on old branches are kept as much as possible, the sub-plants can obtain sunlight, when the leaves of the new buds of the mother plants are kept to be basically mature, the full cutting and leaf picking are carried out on the mother plants, the sub-plants are harvested in the second year, the rural areas are trimmed, the fertilization management is the same as that in the first year, the leaves of the old mother plants are picked 2 times, the fruits are picked 1 time, and the leaves of the sub-plants are picked 2 times.
Preferably, the step (6) of harvesting the stock plant refers to horizontally trimming and harvesting the leaves of the stock plant with the height of 100cm when the new leaves of the stock plant are basically mature, keeping the new buds on the old branches as much as possible, enabling the stock plant to obtain sunlight, continuously growing the new buds of the stock plant after trimming, providing nutrition for the stock plant with immature leaves, and fully cutting and harvesting the leaves of the stock plant when the new buds of the stock plant are mature again.
Preferably, the cultivation of the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant in the step (6) means that each of the annual transplanted mother plants retains the base and 1 of the strongest root-tillering seedlings close to the median position of 2 mother plants, the root-tillering seedlings are respectively called a base sub-plant and a distant sub-plant, the remaining height of the sub-plant is 100cm, the top of the sub-plant is cut off, the rest root-tillering seedlings are cut off by adhering to the ground, no leaf is taken from the base sub-plant all the year round to serve as the next-year fruiting mother plant, nutrition is provided for the distant sub-plant for leaf harvesting, 2 times of leaf harvesting are carried out on the distant sub-plant all the year round, namely, the leaf harvesting is carried out by retaining the top bud when the secondary branch leaf is mature, and the full-cutting is carried out when the newly-germinated branch leaf is mature again.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for planting sweet tea and fruit leaves in ecological mode aiming at the characteristic economic plant sweet tea with dual-purpose functions of fruit and leaves, the traditional planting method only uses leaves as harvesting parts, the planting technology is backward and the current situation of the dual-purpose planting technology of fruit and leaves is further lacked, the planting method can harvest the sweet tea and the fruit and leaf dual-purpose ecological planting method according to the clone growth of the sweet tea, the generation alternation of parent plants and sub-plants and the sprouting characteristics of the parent plants and the sub-plants, the total annual acre yield of the fruit and leaf can reach 13472 yuan in the third year, the acre yield can reach 7392 yuan in the first three years, the dual-purpose cultivation of the fruit and leaf of the sweet tea is realized, the ecological benefit of the sweet tea planting is also improved, the invention has the outstanding advantages that the clone growth characteristics of the sweet tea are fully utilized according to the growth characteristics of the sweet tea, after the leaves are trimmed by the parent plants, the new buds of the parent plants continue to grow, the immature sub-plants of the leaves can be harvested for the second time, when the sub-plants are remained, the method has the advantages that 1 seed plant is reserved at the base part and the distant part of the mother plant respectively, leaves are only picked from the distant part of the mother plant, the root seed plant does not pick leaves all the year round and is reserved as the mother plant of the next year, the influence of leaf picking on the fruiting of the next year can be avoided, nutrition can be provided for the distant part of the picked leaves, the yield of leaves and fruits can be improved, the characteristics of sweet tea clone growth characteristics and the alternation of the generation of the mother plant and the generation of the seed plant are fully combined, 4-time leaf picking and 1-time fruit picking of the sweet tea are realized, the balanced picking of the sweet tea leaves is realized, the planting income is improved, the cultivation method is simple, the large-scale popularization is easy, and the effective planting method is provided for improving the economic income of local masses in mountainous areas in south of China.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a planting area: in southern hills or mountainous areas, flat lands or terraced lands which are fertile in soil, good in drainage and free of water accumulation are selected as the sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose planting lands;
2) soil preparation and ridge raising: mechanically or manually and comprehensively preparing land, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, after the land is ploughed for 1 time in a whole way, 500-1000 kg of decomposed manure or compost is scattered per mu, the manure is turned into the soil to be used as base fertilizer, then the manure is finely prepared and harrowed, a ridge is formed after land preparation, the ridge width is 1.4m, the ridge height is 6cm, the ridge length is not limited, and the ridge interval is 0.6 m;
3) selecting varieties and seedlings: the planting variety is Yaoshan sweet tea No. 1, and the seedling is the current-year root-growing tillering seedling;
4) planting: planting a row of sweet tea in the center of each ridge, digging planting pits along the center, planting 1 plant in each planting pit in the center of each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5m, the row spacing is 2m, the specification of the planting pits is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, applying 1kg of decomposed pig manure as a base fertilizer, carefully digging the annual root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea in spring when the root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea are 30-60 cm high, and planting the seedlings in the same day;
5) And (3) cultivation management of the nutrient plants: in the same year of planting, except timely removing weeds, topping the seedlings when the seedlings are 110cm high, keeping the seedlings 100cm high, only keeping tender leaves at the tops of branches to pick leaves of the whole plants when the plants basically stop growing, trimming withered, weak and diseased branches after leaf picking, cleaning a plantation, applying 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu, avoiding digging roots of the transverse sweet tea to the greatest extent, picking the leaves once in the first year, and enabling the yield of dry leaves per mu to be 55.0 kg;
6) cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant: cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant: topping newly-germinated root-tillering seedlings (child plants) in the second year when the height is 110cm, keeping the base of each parent plant transplanted in the last year and 1 root-tillering seedling which is the strongest at the position close to the middle of 2 parent plants and is respectively called a base child plant and a distant child plant, keeping the height of each child plant to be 100cm, cutting off the rest root-tillering seedlings by adhering to the ground, horizontally cutting off and picking leaves of the parent plant when the new leaves of the parent plant are basically mature, keeping the height of a tree body of the parent plant to be 100cm, keeping the new buds on old branches as much as possible, enabling the child plants to obtain sunlight, fully cutting and picking the leaves of the parent plant when the leaves of the new buds which are cut off and kept the parent plant are basically mature, keeping the top buds and picking the leaves when the leaves of the second-stage branch of the remote child plant are mature, fully cutting and carrying out the 2 nd leaf picking when the newly-germinated branches and leaves are mature again, keeping the parent plant in the next year, applying fertilizer and fertilizing the first year, the leaves are picked for 4 times in the next year, and the dry leaf yield per mu can reach 417.6 kg;
7) And (3) fruit and leaf dual-purpose cultivation management: in the third year, the top pruning and the retaining mode of newly germinated sub plants are the same as those in the second year, when the fruits of the mother plant turn from green to yellow, the horizontal trimming, leaf picking and fruit picking are carried out on the mother plant, the height of the tree body of the mother plant is kept to be 100cm, the new buds on old branches are kept as much as possible, the sub plants can obtain sunlight, when the leaves of the new buds of the mother plant are kept to be basically mature, the full cutting and leaf picking are carried out on the mother plant, the sub plants are harvested in the second year, the management of pruning the garden and fertilization are the same as those in the first year, the leaf picking of the mother plant is carried out for 2 times and the fruit picking is carried out for 1 time in the whole year, the leaf picking of the sub plants is carried out for 2 times far away, the yield of dry leaves per mu can reach 432.4kg, and the yield of the dry fruits per mu can reach 80.4 kg.
The second embodiment:
the sweet tea field planting, the nutrition plant cultivation and management method, the mother plant harvesting mode and the daughter plant retaining mode in the second year are the same as in example 1, but the daughter plant leaf harvesting mode of the sweet tea from the second year, namely the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant cultivation mode is different, namely, in the second year, when branches and leaves of the daughter plant are mature, terminal bud leaf harvesting is simultaneously carried out on the base and the distant daughter plant, when newly germinated branches and leaves are mature again, full cutting leaf harvesting is carried out on the distant daughter plant, the base daughter plant is not used as the next year mother plant, and other cultivation and management modes are the same as in example 1.
Example three:
the sweet tea field planting, the nutrition plant cultivation and management method, the mother plant harvesting mode and the daughter plant retaining mode in the second year are the same as in example 1, but the daughter plant leaf harvesting mode of the sweet tea from the second year, namely the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant cultivation mode is different, namely, in the second year, when branches and leaves of the daughter plant are mature, terminal bud leaf harvesting is simultaneously carried out on a base part and a distant daughter plant, when newly germinated branches and leaves are mature again, full cutting leaf harvesting is carried out on the distant daughter plant, after terminal bud leaf harvesting is carried out on the base part, the base part daughter plant is reserved as the next year mother plant, and the cultivation and management mode is the same as in example 1.
Example four:
the sweet tea field planting, nutrient plant cultivation and management method and the mother plant harvesting mode in the second year are the same as example 1, but the child plant retaining mode of the sweet tea from the second year is different, namely only 1 base child plant is retained, no leaf is harvested all the year round to be reserved as the next year mother plant, only the mother plant is harvested all the year round, and other cultivation and management modes are the same as example 1.
Example five:
the sweet tea field planting, nutrient plant cultivation and management method and the second-year mother plant harvesting mode are the same as example 1, but the child plant retention mode of the sweet tea from the second year is different, namely only 1 base child plant is retained, when branches and leaves of the child plant in the second year are mature, terminal bud retaining leaf picking is carried out on the base child plant, when newly-germinated branches and leaves are mature again, leaves are not picked and are retained as the next-year mother plant, and other cultivation and management modes are the same as example 1.
Example six:
the sweet tea field planting, nutrient plant cultivation and management method and the second-year stock plant harvesting mode are the same as example 1, but the child plant retention mode of the sweet tea from the second year is different, namely only 1 base child plant is retained, when branches and leaves of the child plant in the second year are mature, terminal buds are retained for leaf picking of the base child plant, when newly-germinated branches and leaves are mature again, terminal buds are retained for leaf picking, the next-year stock plant is reserved, and other cultivation and management modes are the same as example 1.
Tables 1 and 2 below show the yield and value of sweet tea leaves and fruits in examples 1 to 6, in which examples 1 to 3 retained 2 sub-plants from the second year of planting (i.e. 1 sub-plant at the base of the parent plant and at a distance from the parent plant), but the sub-plants were picked differently; examples 4 to 6 all only 1 basal cotyledon is reserved from the second year of planting, but the cotyledon picking mode of the cotyledon is different, and the results show that in 6 examples, the management mode of reserving 2 cotyledon from the second year of planting is better than that of reserving only 1 basal cotyledon, wherein the planting method in example 1 is the best, the sweet tea clonal growth characteristics are utilized, 1 cotyledon is reserved at the basal part of the mother plant and in a distance, wherein the basal cotyledon does not pick leaves in the current year and is reserved as the mother plant in the next year, not only can the germination and blossom of the leaves of the mother plant in the next year be promoted, but also the nutrition can be provided for the cotyledon at a position far away from the leaves picked in the current year, the leaf picking mode of the mother plant in the whole year can be realized 2 times, the fruits are picked 1 time, the fruits and the fruits are picked 2 times by the daughter plant in the third year, the sweet tea can be planted in the mode, the leaf yield can reach 432.4kg and the fruits yield can reach 80.4kg and the yield can reach 13472 yuan in the third year, the yield per mu in the first three years can reach 7392 yuan.
Table 1: acre yields of annual sweet tea leaves and fruits in different examples
Table 2: example mu yield of three years sweet tea leaves and fruits (average dry leaf price is 20 yuan/kg, average dry fruit price is 60 yuan/kg)
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The dual-purpose ecological planting method for the sweet tea fruits and the sweet tea leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) selecting a planting area: in southern hills or mountainous areas, flat lands or terraced lands which are fertile in soil, good in drainage and free of water accumulation are selected as the sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose planting lands;
2) soil preparation and ridge raising: mechanically or manually and comprehensively preparing land, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, after the land is ploughed for 1 time in a whole way, 500-1000 kg of decomposed manure or compost is scattered per mu, the manure is turned into the soil to be used as base fertilizer, then the manure is finely prepared and harrowed, a ridge is formed after land preparation, the ridge width is 1.4m, the ridge height is 6cm, the ridge length is not limited, and the ridge interval is 0.6 m;
3) selecting varieties and seedlings: the planting variety is Yaoshan sweet tea No. 1, and the seedling is the current-year root-growing tillering seedling;
4) planting: planting a row of sweet tea in the center of each ridge, digging planting pits along the center, planting 1 plant in each planting pit in the center of each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 2.0m, the row spacing is 2m, the specification of the planting pits is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, applying 1kg of decomposed pig manure as a base fertilizer, carefully digging the annual root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea in spring when the root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea are 30-60 cm high, and planting the seedlings in the same day;
5) And (3) cultivation management of the nutrient plants: in the same year of planting, except timely removing weeds, topping the seedlings when the seedlings are 110cm high, keeping the seedlings 100cm high, when the plants basically stop growing, carrying out topping bud leaf picking on the whole plants, trimming withered, weak and diseased branches after leaf picking, cleaning a plantation, applying 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu, and avoiding digging to hurt the roots of the sweet tea which transversely runs;
6) cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant: the method comprises the following steps that 1 plant of each parent plant transplanted in the previous year in the second year is kept at the base part of the parent plant and the strongest root-tillering seedling close to the median position of 2 parent plants, the parent plants are respectively called as a base part child plant and a distant child plant, the child plants are kept at the height of 100cm and are topped, the rest root-tillering seedlings are sheared off by adhering to the ground, the parent plant in the whole year is harvested for 2 times, the distant child plants are harvested for 2 times, the base part child plant is not harvested to serve as a next-year fruiting parent plant, the next-year fruiting parent plant is harvested for 4 times, and the first year is pruned, composted and fertilized in winter;
7) and (3) fruit and leaf dual-purpose cultivation management: and in the third year, the top pruning and the retaining mode of the newly germinated sub-plants are the same as those in the second year, when the fruits of the mother plants turn yellow from green, the horizontal trimming and leaf picking and fruit picking are carried out on the mother plants, the height of the tree bodies of the mother plants is kept to be 100cm, the new buds on old branches are kept as much as possible, the sub-plants can obtain sunlight, when the leaves of the new buds of the mother plants are kept to be basically mature, the full cutting and leaf picking are carried out on the mother plants, the sub-plants are harvested in the second year, the rural areas are trimmed, the fertilization management is the same as that in the first year, the leaves of the old mother plants are picked 2 times, the fruits are picked 1 time, and the leaves of the sub-plants are picked 2 times.
2. The ecological planting method for sweet tea fruit leaves is characterized in that the maternal plant harvesting in the step (6) is that when the new leaves of the maternal plant are basically mature, the maternal plant is subjected to leaf pruning with the height of 100cm, the new buds on the old branches are kept as much as possible, the child plant can obtain sunlight, the new buds of the maternal plant continue to grow after pruning, nutrition is provided for the child plant with immature leaves, and when the leaves of the new buds of the maternal plant are mature again, the maternal plant is subjected to full cutting and leaf harvesting.
3. The ecological planting method for sweet tea and fruit and leaf dual-purpose plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation of the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant in step (6) means that each mother plant transplanted in the last year retains its base and 1 root tiller seedling close to the most robust middle position of 2 mother plants, which are respectively called base child plant and distant child plant, the child plant retains 100cm of top pruning, the rest root tiller seedlings are cut off by adhering to the ground, the base child plant does not harvest leaves in the next year and remains as the fruiting mother plant in the next year, and provides nutrition for the distant child plant for leaf harvest, the distant child plant harvests 2 times in the whole year, namely harvesting leaves with the top bud when the secondary branch leaves are mature, and full cutting is performed when the newly germinated branches and leaves are mature again.
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