Background technique
Current banana industry faces the baptism of wilt disease, and cultivating has high yield, high-quality while anti-blight again new
Kind, is the research emphasis and difficult point of Banana Breeding work, and past breeders rely on Bud mutation and selected a collection of new product
Kind and new material, but the breeding method dependent on Bud mutation keeps the gene pool of genetic resources merit increasingly poor, exhausted,
Breeding work can not further go deep into.Crossbreeding is one of important channel of creating new varieties of plants, will by hybridization
The beneficial characteristics of long-term natural selection accumulation are recombinated between species, further enrich the genetic diversity of species.Crossbreeding
Cultivation applied to fruit tree of new species and new type has achieved many achievements, Soviet Union gardening scholar meter Qiu Lin with common Sorbus alnifloria and
Hawthorn carries out distant hybridization, has been bred as " pomegranate premium Chinese catalpa ";Sedov apple and pears carry out interspecific hybridization test, have brought out 9
The new varieties of apple and pears show the good characteristics such as high yield, high-quality, resistance is strong;It includes China that Wang Shengmei etc., which has carried out,
Multiple groups including Kiwi berry and actinidia eriantha close cross experiment, have selected Kiwi berry new type;Zeng Ye, which is tried to gain etc., passes through hybridization
Experimental study selects " imperial garden is apricot yellow " new varieties;It there are also the apple pear in northeast, the naphthalene in Fujian etc. is bred as after natural hybridization
New varieties;Edible banana be also considered as any of several broadleaf plants class ancestors " sharp leaf any of several broadleaf plants " (Musa acuminata) and " long stalk any of several broadleaf plants " (M. balbisiana) natural hybrid species evolve;' miscellaneous No. 1 of powder ' is breeding in the natural hybridization offspring of No. 1 dwarf banana of wide powder
Disease-resistant variety, but male parent has not been reported.
Edible banana is commonly triploid, the sterility with height, carries out the different degrees of presence of banana crossbreeding
Hybridize not affine and hybrid fertile obstacle, therefore, this work difficulty is larger, makes slow progress, many merit (gene) nothings
Method is utilized effectively by hybridization means, therefore the efficient hybridization research of development is extremely urgent, to be breed improvement and perfume (or spice)
The cultivation of any of several broadleaf plants new varieties lays the foundation.However studies have shown that: triploid is fertile in meiosis process generation certain amount
2n or aneuploid gamete, the crossbreeding for triploid banana provide possibility.Currently, working about banana hybridization pollination
Relevant document report is considerably less, and some Basic Problems are still not very clear, lacks valuable reference.
The present invention has carried out Different Cross Combinations intermolecular hybrid affinity difference and has compared, maternal female flower difference pollination comb position and female
The flower development stage influences hybridization Setting percentage, and different pollinated stages determine the research of hybridization Setting percentage influence etc.
The optimum condition for improving banana Setting percentage has obtained a kind of method for improving banana Setting percentage, for obtain hybrid seedling into
The new varieties that one step cultivates banana fusarium wilt resistance lay the foundation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of hybridization pollination method for improving banana Setting percentage, has the advantages that Setting percentage is high, is banana
The further research of breeding provides source material abundant.
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of hybridization pollination method improving banana Setting percentage, includes the following steps:
(1) hybrid parent selects: selecting " bronze 1 " as female parent material, selects wild banana LW as male parent material.Bronze 1
It is the important cultivation of dwarf banana number for the breeding of this seminar and the dwarf banana kind that passes through through Guangxi crop varietal approval committee
Train kind, the good characteristics such as tool cold-resistant, drought resisting.LW is the wild banana kind that seminar collects in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Beiliu City
Matter.Its wild banana LW is the kind domestic in Beiliu City native country, and it is higher to have both cold-resistant, anti-blight characteristic and pollen fertility.
(2) it acquires pollen: choosing healthy growth, the paternal plant with complete male flower flower bud is worked as sampling tree in pollination
Before its 10 AM, the fresh male inflorescence of outermost layer is acquired, is fitted into sterilized Envelope bag.
(3) it pollinates: the male parent male inflorescence of acquisition being sent into maternal base immediately and is pollinated, and is more as far as possible in pollination
Paternal pollen is smeared, in repetition pollination in second day 1 time, increases fertilization probability.Female flower stays 7 combs from the beginning to the end when the pollination
Position selects intermediate comb position to pollinate;The intermediate comb position is the 3rd comb and the 4th comb.3rd comb and the 4th comb are the most healthy and the strongest, female flower
Column cap it is energetic, Enumerable infinite set is strong, and hybridization Setting percentage is higher, and it is poor to comb position end to end.The maternal female flower development rank of the pollination
Section selection has obviously opened in female flower bud petal piece, 10 ° to 80 ° of spreading angle between bract and cob, and the column cap exposed stage carries out.
The best hybridization pollination period is September ~ October.
(4) it marks: listing mark after pollination, and make a record, observation and management are reinforced to pollination plant.
(5) it collects seed: when fruit maturation or nearly maturation, taking out whole seeds from pulp in time.
The invention has the benefit that
1. a kind of hybridization pollination method for improving banana Setting percentage of the present invention, by the selection of hybrid parent, maternal female flower is different
The screening of pollination comb position, female flower development stage and pollinated stage, it is determined that the optimum condition for improving banana Setting percentage obtains
A method of banana Setting percentage is significantly improved, provides source material abundant for follow-up study, and be further banana
Breeding work lays the foundation.
2. a kind of hybridization pollination method for improving banana Setting percentage of the present invention, selects Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Beiliu City native country
Domestic kind has both cold-resistant, anti-blight characteristic and the higher wild any of several broadleaf plants resource of pollen fertility as parent material, by miscellaneous
Friendship recombinates the beneficial characteristics that natural selection long-term between species accumulates, to carry out genetic improvement to existing kind, into one
Step enriches the genetic diversity of species, provides technical support and reference for the crossbreeding work of banana.
Embodiment 2
The present invention compares Different Cross Combinations intermolecular hybrid affinity difference, and combs position and female to the different pollinations of female flower bud
The flower development stage influences hybridization Setting percentage, and different pollinated stages are studied hybridization Setting percentage influence etc..Tool
Body is as follows:
1 materials and methods
1.1 materials:
Test carries out in Wuming area, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning City proving ground.8 cross combinations are arranged in test altogether, with gold
Powder No. 1, No. 35, No. 30 and No. 32 is female parent, and using LW and RF as male parent, cross combination is respectively as follows: (1) L1 combination: bronze 1
Number × LW;(2) L2 is combined: No. 35 × LW;(3) L3 is combined: No. 30 × LW;(4) L4 is combined: No. 32 × LW;(5) R1 is combined: gold
No. 1 × RF of powder;(6) R2 is combined: No. 35 × RF;(7) R3 is combined: No. 30 × RF;(8) R4 is combined: No. 32 × RF.No. 35, No. 30
And No. 32 dwarf banana germplasm new materials for the breeding of this seminar, male parent RF are seminar in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Chongzuo City river
The wild banana germplasm that state area peace town is collected.
1.2 test method
1.2.1 Different Cross Combinations intermolecular hybrid affinity difference compares
Healthy growth is chosen in Guangxi Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences's biotechnology research institute plantation of cultivar resources to be had completely
The paternal plant of male flower flower bud acquires the fresh male inflorescence of outermost layer, is packed into sterilized letter as sampling tree before 10:00 on the day of pollination
In envelope, maternal base is sent to immediately and carries out pollination work.Test is all made of usual manner pollination, and more as far as possible in pollination
Paternal pollen is smeared, in repetition pollination in second day 1 time, increases fertilization probability, listing mark after pollination, and making a record, to awarding
Powder plant reinforces observation and management, when fruit maturation or nearly maturation, takes out whole seeds from pulp in time.
1.2.2 maternal female flower difference pollination comb position and female flower development stage influence hybridization Setting percentage
It is research object by 4 Different Cross Combinations of male parent of LW.7 combs are uniformly stayed for examination hybridization female parent material, count each group
Situation that the single comb for closing the corresponding comb sequence of 1 to 7 comb sets seeds situation and single fruit is set seeds.And open a business according between maternal female flower bract and cob
The open process of female flower is divided into 3 stages by angle, and the 1st stage was that female flower bract will be opened or just be opened, bract and cob
Between spreading angle less than 10 °, column cap is wrapped up by female flower, and female flower is more tender at this time;2nd stage was that female flower bud petal piece is obviously opened
It puts, 10 ° to 80 ° of spreading angle between bract and cob, column cap is exposed;3rd stage spreading angle between female flower bud petal piece and cob
It greater than 80 ° or has fallen off, column cap is exposed, and column cap is dried in various degree, and column cap viscosity is decreased obviously.Count 3 stages of each combination
Single fruit is set seeds situation.
1.2.3 different pollinated stages influence hybridization Setting percentage
It tests and is carried out in January, 2017 to December, after female parent takes out flower bud, be divided into 6 periods according to environment temperature, January, 2 months is
1st period, 7.5 ~ 10.4 DEG C of temperature on average;March, April are 15.5 ~ 22.8 DEG C of the 2nd period temperature on average;When May, June are the 3rd
26.4 ~ 32.8 DEG C of phase temperature on average;July, August are 27.8 ~ 34.9 DEG C of the 4th period temperature on average;September, October were the 5th period,
17.8 ~ 28.6 DEG C of temperature on average;November, December were the 6th period, 8.2 ~ 18.6 DEG C of temperature on average, were pollinated 1 time at interval of 2 ~ 5 d.
1.2.4 hybrid seed counts
Statistics hybrid seed sum, every processing can complete the pollination strain number of seed harvest and correspond to fruit index, and it is average to calculate single fruit
Seed number=seed sum/pollination fruit refers to sum, the difference of analysis different disposal combination single fruit Setting percentage.
2 test results
2.1 Different Cross Combinations intermolecular hybrid affinity differences compare
The plant quantity that every combination can collect seed is respectively 9 ~ 22 plants and differs, about 4 to 6 months acquirement seeds after hybridization pollination test,
Then quantity statistics are carried out, such as table 1.Each cross combination can obtain hybrid seed, but the quantity variance for obtaining hybrid seed is aobvious
It writes, single fruit Setting percentage is respectively 5 ~ 1420 there is also significant difference, various combination hybrid seed sum, the average seed of single fruit
Number is respectively 0.009 ~ 1.980.
Wherein, L1 combination is highest with the cross combination cenospecies subnumber and Setting percentage of No. 1 × LW of bronze, and bronze 1
Number seed number is combined with the cross experiment R1 of another male parent material RF and Setting percentage is also higher as female parent, respectively 657
Grain and 0.896 occupies in 8 combinations the 2nd, illustrates under test conditions, makees maternal cross combination compatibility for bronze 1 and is better than
Other combinations show preferable in terms of Setting percentage;And No. 35, No. 30 and No. 32 are poor with the affine sex expression of male parent material,
It may be related from the different female parent material meiosis processes fertility for generating gamete.
(LW hybridizes identical female parent material with RF), and cenospecies subnumber and single fruit Setting percentage exist from different male parents respectively
Difference, overall performance is lower for the cross combination Setting percentage that RF makees male parent, and when being measured to pollen germination power, it has been found that
RF pollen amount and germination rate are lower than LW, therefore from the point of view of improving Setting percentage, and LW ratio RF is preferably to be used as male parent material.
Thus also illustrate, the apolegamy of hybrid strain material influences crossbreeding success or not very big.Bronze 1 is made maternal hybridization
It combines compatibility and is better than other combinations;LW is best male parent material.
The difference of Setting percentage between 1 Different Cross Combinations of table
The different pollination comb positions of 2.2 female flower buds and pollination female flower development stage influence hybridization Setting percentage
Bract is successively unfolded at interval of 1 ~ 2 d after male bud extraction is sagging, this test female parent material uniformly stays 7 combs, each to handle
Different plants pollination comb position has differences because pollination same day bract degree of opening is different, and every single plant pollination comb position and comb number are not
It is identical to the greatest extent.Same plant difference comb position is set seeds, and situation is also different, and the single comb highest seed number of L1 combination is 142, and is singly combed minimum
Seed number is 0;For the seed number that the different fruits of same comb obtain between referring to there is also significant difference, single fruit highest seed number is 27,
And the minimum seed number of single fruit is 0, through quantity statistics such as table 2.
In addition to the head (the 1st comb) of L4 combination and tail (the 7th comb) two combs there is no seed, other comb positions can be planted
Son.It is respectively 12.318 ~ 36.001 that L1, which combines the average seed number that different pollination combs position is singly combed, the average seed number difference of single fruit
It is 0.712 ~ 2.081;L2 combination is single, and to comb average seed number be 0.168 ~ 2.806, and the single fruit seed number that be averaged is 0.010 ~ 0.167;
L3 combination is single, and to comb average seed number be 0.200 ~ 5.160, and the single fruit seed number that be averaged is 0.012 ~ 0.309.According to the 1st comb to the 7th
The sequence of comb, single to comb downward trend after Setting percentage and the overall performance of single fruit Setting percentage first rise out, i.e., intermediate 3rd comb, the 4th comb
It is higher to hybridize Setting percentage, and the comb of head two (the 1st comb, the 2nd comb) and the comb of tail two (the 5th comb, the 6th comb) Setting percentage are lower.Illustrate difference
Pollination comb position and fruit refer to intermolecular hybrid Setting percentage, and there are significant differences.Pass through the knot of the 1st comb to pollination maternal plant fruit ear to the 7th comb
Seed effect is compared analysis, the 3rd comb of centre, the 4th comb hybridization Setting percentage highest
The difference of the different pollination comb interdigit Setting percentages of table 2
From table 3 it can be seen that each cross combination of the 1st stage obtains a certain number of hybrid seeds, i.e., when female flower bud petal piece is
It will open or just open, just have been provided with Enumerable infinite set when column cap is also in closed state;Bract spreading angle increases later, column
The solid effect of head pollination also rises with it, and the 2nd stage respectively combined single fruit Setting percentage index and increases than the 1st stage;When the 3rd stage
Bract spreading angle is greater than after 80 °, and hybridization pollination Setting percentage declines than the 2nd stage, so relatively managing to guarantee that column cap is in
That thinks awards the phase, and hybridization pollination is preferably carried out 10 ° to 80 ° of bract spreading angle of the 2nd stage.Pass through bract difference the first transaction of a day's business angle
The comparative studies of degree hybridization Setting percentage, when 2 stage that 10 ° to 80 ° of bract spreading angle, carries out hybridization pollination single fruit Setting percentage
Highest.
The difference of the different female flower development stage pollination hybridization Setting percentages of table 3
2.3 different pollinated stages influence hybridization Setting percentage
There are certain influence in different hybridization pollination periods on the acquisition of banana hybrid seed, this test is respectively in January to December to mother
This material carries out test of pollination, the situation performance difference of setting seeds of Different Cross Combinations.The hybridization examination that September, October are carried out
It tests and was divided into for the 5th phase, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region In Nanning Area is late summer, weather at the beginning of the autumn at this time, illumination, moderate temperature, and environment is dry
It feels well penetrating, strain rate is set seeds in remaining each combination and single fruit seed number was significantly lower than for the 5th phase, and see Table 4 for details.Therefore, climatic environment item
The relatively comfortable September of part, October carry out hybridization pollination test, and it is more preferable to hybridize situation of setting seeds.Meanwhile the germination test in later period
It was found that in the seed of the convenient September of environmental condition and hybridization acquisition in October, seed has embryo rate also relatively high, equally also says
Bright, environmental factor has an impact to cross compatibility.Hybridization pollination period more has in the relatively comfortable September of climatic environment condition, October
Conducive to pollen germination and fertilization.
The difference of the different pollinated stage hybridization Setting percentages of table 4