CN108633660B - A kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents
A kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN108633660B CN108633660B CN201810394249.3A CN201810394249A CN108633660B CN 108633660 B CN108633660 B CN 108633660B CN 201810394249 A CN201810394249 A CN 201810394249A CN 108633660 B CN108633660 B CN 108633660B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings.The present invention uses the measure of " to the set mesh bag isolation of single plant Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, pollination self is solid " to obtain Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae self-mating system as breeding material first, is then hybridized (two ways: maternal sterility cross-bred and maternal fertile reciprocal cross) and obtains new varieties afterwards.The new varieties of function admirable are selected (to plant Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae breeding material on ridge using production of hybrid seeds nursery integration measure, nursery furrow plant peanut as salvia seeds growth and development shade) seedling of a large amount of function admirables can be obtained by nursery on the spot, to promote the development of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings, belong to Chinese medicine breeding technical field.
Background technique
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, scientific name: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge belongs to perennial for dicotyledon Lamiaceae Salvia
Upright herbaceous plant is distributed in the ground such as Chinese Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei, Sichuan, Jiangsu.In addition, Hubei, Gansu, Liaoning, Shaanxi,
The ground such as Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangxi are also distributed.Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is the traditional Chinese medicine in China, is used as medicine with root, have dissolving stasis, it is raw new,
Promoting blood circulation, menstruation regulating and other effects are gynaecology's key medicine, cure mainly uterine hemorrhage, irregular menstruation, blood stasis, abdominal pain, dysmenorrhoea, menostasis etc., to coronary disease
Disease also has good result.
The output of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is mainly derived from wild, and with the development of Chinese medicinal material industry, the demand of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae increasingly increases, wild
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae has been unable to meet the market demand, in addition, due to wild Salvia miltiorrhiza immoderate excavation year after year, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae stock number has been on the verge of to go out
Absolutely, the effective way for solving problem above is exactly to carry out artificial growth.The matter of utmost importance of artificial growth is: how to provide excellent
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedling meet the yield and quality requirement of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.The main problem present in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae reproductive process is as follows at present:
1, the holding of excellent variety is difficult
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is cross-pollinatd plant, and natural outcrossing selects defect individual, offspring is always 60% or so from group
There is trait segregation, show diversity, merit, which is difficult to stablize heredity, to go down.To obtain stable homozygous offspring, it is necessary to
Certain measure is taken to purify miltiorrhiza germplasm.
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae pure lines selfing will lead to viability and significantly fail, and be selfed substantially dead after 6 generations.Therefore the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae pure lines of purification
Further hybridization is needed to obtain new strain, again to improve the Optimality of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.For fertile line, general cross breeding is needed
Artificial emasculation is wanted, since the florescence of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is long, spends small, artificial emasculation heavy workload.
How Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae be sheerly, and how to simplify crossing work and further obtain excellent strain be
Problem to be solved.
2, breeding and nursery in terms of the problem of
The propagation method of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae has: cutting propagation, root division, the breeding of reed head, tissue cultures, seminal propagation etc..Due to
Root division, cutting propagation can shorten the Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth period and be commonly used by people, but the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae cultivated is due to long-term
Phenomena such as vegetative propagation, active constituent content is extremely unstable, virus infection is sick, leads to the decline of quality and yield, seriously affects
The development of clinical application and pharmaceuticals industry.Salvia seeds breeding can solve due to long-term vegetative propagation cause quality and
The problems such as yield declines.
The florescence of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is up to 3 months, while salvia seeds are very small, and mass of 1000 kernel only has 1.2 grams or so, therefore causes pellet
The collection for joining seed is very time-consuming.Salvia seeds not storage tolerance under field conditions (factors) simultaneously, germination rate is low, air drying storage
Salvia seeds are hidden, 30 days percentages of seedgermination of every placement just decline 10%, and storage time is more than half a year, and germination percentage is lower than 40%,
To seriously affect the artificial cultivation of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.Salvia seeds germination and emergence growth simultaneously requires living environment high (temperature, wet
Degree requires), not all field is all suitable for, and how to create a kind of environment of suitable nursery is also current problem to be solved.
To sum up, how breeding is carried out to Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and how nursery is urgent problem to be solved in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae industry development.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings.This hair
It is bright that Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae self-mating system is obtained as parent's material using the measure of " to the set mesh bag isolation of single plant Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, pollination self is solid " first
Then material is hybridized (two ways: maternal sterility cross-bred and maternal fertile reciprocal cross) and obtains new varieties afterwards.Select performance excellent
Good new varieties can obtain the seedling of a large amount of function admirables by nursery on the spot using production of hybrid seeds nursery integration measure, to promote
Into the development of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae industry.
The present invention provides a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings, characterized in that the following steps are included:
1) preparation in production of hybrid seeds nursery field
Select the field for being suitble to the production of hybrid seeds as production of hybrid seeds nursery field；In mid-October, site preparation and fertilization, and built in crop field surrounding
Pumping equipment；
2) ridging overlay film
It is planted using wide ridge, 160-170 centimetres of ridge spacing, 80-90 centimetres of ridge bottom width, ridge is 25 ± 2 centimetres high, ridge face width 40
± 5 centimetres；Black mulch film is covered on ridge；Nursery furrow between adjacent two ridge are 70-80 centimetres wide；
3) rupture of membranes is transplanted
For the maternal Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties for male sterile material: on 10 days-April 5 March in next year, 3 row Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizaes are transplanted on ridge
Seedling；Wherein maternal 2 rows of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, 30-35 centimetres of line-spacing, maternal intermediate plantation 1 row of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae male parent of two rows, with triangular in shape point of female parent
Cloth (as shown in Figure 1)；
For the maternal Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties for male-fertile material: on 10 days-April 5 March in next year, 2 row Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizaes are transplanted on ridge
Seedling, i.e. direct motion, which intersect, plants maternal 1 row, 1 row of male parent, and 20-30 centimetres of line-spacing；
4) seed maturation and nursery
Using insect pollination, the seed of both sides Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae was fallen off successively until late July on mid-June ridge, after seed shedding,
Along black mulch film fall into ridge between nursery furrow soil in, during which keep ground moistening and weeds cleaning；Rake is thin in advance at the beginning of 5 months simultaneously
Nursery furrow are flattened, 1 row of peanut is planted among furrow, are shaded for salvia seeds growth and development；
5) it harvests
It is harvested when peanut maturation at the end of September；Start to excavate Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedling in early November, selects root (nearly reed head) diameter
≤ 0.5 centimetre of seedling carries out bundling sale.
Further, line position is planted on ridge and sets laying micro irrigation pipe, and every 4 ridge is laid with one, and all standing planting area guarantees
It emerges neat, nursery and later period water and fertilizer management.
Further, every 10 mu of nursery fields, Yu Wuyue-July arrange one case honeybee, are conducive to florescence pollination.
Preferably, the fertilising of the step 1) is to combine site preparation to apply 2500 ± 200 kilograms of farmyard manure and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) per acre
15 ± 2 kilograms, or application Chinese medicine special fertilizer.
Preferably, close proximity to ground, tension, film edge are close to ridge side when the step 2) plastic film mulch, and mulching film edge buries soil
10 ± 2 centimetres or with buckle fix, compacting；In on mulch plant row earthing, 2-3 centimetres of thickness.
Above-mentioned Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties preferably obtain by the following method:
A. miltiorrhiza germplasm purifies
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge is evaluated by field plot test, is selected the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae single plant of function admirable to cover mesh bag and is isolated, real
The individual plant selfing pollination of existing Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is solid；After single-strain seed harvest, independent sunning, threshing, preservation, nursery；By 3-4 single plant
Strain after selfing selects the single plant group of function admirable miscellaneous as Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae after the evaluation of quality, yield and ecological characteristics
The parent material of friendship；
B. hybrid variety breeding
According to Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae phenotype, quality and genetic distance, selects quality good and the farther away parent's in-group of genetic distance carries out
Hybridization；Different breeding methods is used for maternal male-fertile and maternal male sterility；
For maternal male sterility: male parent and it is maternal planted by 1:2 kind, artificial pollination or insect pollination, seed blackening at
After ripe, independent harvesting, sunning, threshing, nursery select the cenospecies of function admirable as new varieties.
Following two mode can be used for maternal male-fertile:
It is planted 1. male parent and female parent press 1:1 kind, artificial emasculation, artificial pollination, after seed blackening is mature, individually harvest, dry,
Threshing, nursery；Aforesaid operations will be repeated after male parent and maternal exchange simultaneously, the miscellaneous of function admirable is then selected by nursery result
Kind is handed over to be used as new varieties；
2. male parent and maternal 1:1 kind of pressing are planted, each other the reciprocal cross artificial pollination of Parent or insect pollination, seed blackening
After maturation, harvesting, sunning, threshing, nursery, select the cenospecies of function admirable as new varieties together.
The network interface size criteria of above-mentioned mesh bag are as follows: prevent Pollinating Insect from passing in and out.In order to guarantee the suitable of individual plant selfing pollination
Benefit carries out, and several honeybees can be put into mesh bag and carry out pollination self to single plant Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, a kind of excellent breeding mode is provided
The present invention use first the measure of " to the set mesh bag isolation of single plant Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, pollination self is solid " purify to obtain Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae it is pure
After system, hybrid seed is obtained after then being hybridized.The present invention purifies the mode of single plant Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae set mesh bag isolation, method
Simply, effectively.It is the step of being hybridized with male parent using maternal male sterile material, eliminate emasculation, fairly simple.Using mother
This male-fertile material is hybridized with male parent, and the two Parent reciprocal cross each other does not need emasculation yet, is more favorable to simultaneously
Choose the seedling offspring of function admirable.
2, production of hybrid seeds nursery integration
Present invention overlay film on ridge carries out the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae production of hybrid seeds, and mid-June to late July salvia seeds fall off successively.Seed is de-
Fall behind, is slid in the soil under ridge along the unregistered land film on ridge, nursery of germinateing on the spot.Shaded simultaneously by the peanut under ridge,
And micro irrigation pipe moisturizing, make Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae directly nursery on the spot under suitable illumination and damp condition.Which has not only saved receipts
The manpower consumption of collection and sowing salvia seeds also solves the problem of artificial storage causes salvia seeds germination percentage to reduce, simultaneously
The present invention also provides under suitable illumination (shade) and damp condition for nursery on the spot, it is ensured that the seedling emergence rate of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and
Survival rate.Production of hybrid seeds nursery integration of the present invention, 1 mu of field can be able to be 40 mu or so of pellet with 200,000 plants of output or so of seedling
Join field and the seedling of F1 generation is provided.
3, it ensure that the Optimality of seedling
The present invention obtains Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae pure lines by the selfing in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae single plant 3-4 generation, then directly uses the seed of hybrid seeding just
The problem of ground nursery obtains a large amount of F1 generation seedling, prevents viability caused by new varieties inbreeding of more generation from significantly failing, it is ensured that
The Optimality of seedling.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram in 3 Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae production of hybrid seeds nursery field (maternal male sterility) of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the purification of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
Bagging is isolated after field plot test is evaluated, through mesh bag single plant in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, reaches individual plant selfing pollination
It is solid；After single-strain seed harvest, independent sunning, threshing, preservation, nursery.Strain after 3-4 individual plant selfing, by product
Matter, yield and ecological characteristics screening, select parent material of the different single plant groups as cross combination.
Wherein female parent code name 2010081-4 (fertile) is that Mengyin Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Local variety was collected in 2006, plantation, identified, warp
Four individual plant selfing purifying are crossed, group shows consistent strain.Its main feature is that: plant type is compact, 40-55 centimetres of full-bloom stage plant height,
Branch 3-5, the multiple leaflet in leaf oval, green, 3 or 5；Wheel locusta, 6-8 pieces of little Hua number, corolla darkviolet, florescence are partially late；Root
Brownish red divides root 8-11 item, and fibrous root is few, and thick 8-10 centimetres of fresh root, fresh root are 30-35 centimetres long, single-strain fresh weight 0.30-0.35 thousand
Gram.
Male parent code name 2010166-1 is that Juxian County Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Local variety was collected in 2006, plantation, identified, by four single plants
Selfing purifying, group show consistent strain.Plant type is upright, 60-65 centimetres of full-bloom stage plant height, branch 5-7, leaf oval, shallow
The multiple leaflet in green, 5 or 7；Wheel locusta, 8-10 pieces of little Hua number, corolla darkviolet, florescence are moderate；Root rufous divides root 10-11
Item, thick 8-10 centimetres of fresh root, fresh root are 30-35 centimetres long, and 0.40-0.45 kilograms of single-strain fresh weight.
Maternal code name 2010125-1 (infertility) is to collect, plantation, identify, hair in 2006 from Qufu Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Local variety
Existing male sterility single plant builds group through root segment vegetative propagation, and group shows consistent strain.Its main feature is that: plant type half is upright, contains
40-45 centimetres of florescence plant height, branch 3-5, the multiple leaflet in leaf oval, light green color, 3 or 5；Take turns locusta, little Hua number 6 or 8 pieces, flower
It is preced with lavender, spends that small, the florescence is moderate；Root rufous divides root 5-8 item, and thick 6-8 centimetres of fresh root, fresh root are 25-30 centimetres long, single plant
0.20-0.35 kilograms of fresh weight.
Male parent code name 2010198-1, Mengyin Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Local variety is in collection in 2006, plantation, identification, certainly by four single plants
Purifying is handed over, group shows consistent strain.Its main feature is that: plant type is upright, 65-70 centimetres of full-bloom stage plant height, and branch 6-8, leaf
The multiple leaflet in oval, light green color, 5 or 7；Locusta is taken turns, flower tongue is long, little Hua number 8 or 10 pieces, corolla darkviolet, and the florescence is moderate；Root is red
Brown divides root 10-12 item, and thick 9-10 centimetres of fresh root, fresh root are 35-40 centimetres long, and 0.42-0.48 kilograms of single-strain fresh weight.
Embodiment 2: cenospecies ZJ20132006 breeding and seedling breeding.
The cenospecies female parent code name 2010081-4 (fertile), male parent code name 2010166-1.
1 cenospecies ZJ20132006 breeding
Maternal 2010081-4 (fertile) and male parent 2010166-1 are planted by the row such as 1:1.
The selection of 1.1 breeding fields
Select in the region that 5 kilometers of periphery is distributed without plantation Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae or wild Salvia miltiorrhiza, soil layer is deep, it is loose it is fertile,
Well-drained loam plot, avoids clay.
1.2 site preparation and fertilization
At the end of October, site preparation is combined to apply 2500 kilograms and 15 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of farmyard manure per acre.Unified tractor-ploughing is carried out, it is deep
30 centimetres of pine or more, Panasonic is real on soil；Leveling, rake are thin.Crop field surrounding builds 1.5 meters wide, deep 1 meter of gutter, linker
Pumping equipment outside ground.
1.3 kinds of plants
Select 90 centimetres of broadly films, 0.01 centimetre of thickness of black degradable mulch overlay film, close proximity to ground when plastic film mulch is drawn
Tightly, film edge is buried about 10 centimetres of soil or is fixed with buckle, compacting.In on film plant row earthing, 2-3 centimetres of thickness.
10 days-April 5 March in next year, plant 2 row of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedling on film, maternal 1 row of direct motion intersection plantation 2010081-4,
1 row of 2010166-1 male parent, 20 centimetres of line-spacing, 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
Routine Management.
1.4 artificial emasculations, hybridization
Female parent chooses out sepal with the tip of tip tweezers, gently takes out two when bud does not open, becomes larger at the top of sepal
Stamen, an inflorescence, which disposably selects, is >=10 little Hua for a combination, cuts off remaining flower, and take out top bud, puts on
Sulfuric acid paper bag, is fixed with special racks, carries out mark and mark is listed；To acquire paternal pollen, remove sack in 1-2 days, use
Writing brush is viscous to take a small amount of pollen, awards on the column cap of the little Hua of emasculation, again bagging, writes down date and pollination quantity.Pollination about 30
After seed blackening is mature after it, independent harvesting, sunning, threshing, nursery.Crosses participate in 2-3 variety test, comprehensive
The performance assessment criteria such as quality, yield, resistance are analyzed, the strain for selecting general performance excellent participates in regional testing and pilot production,
It carries out expert appraisal to appraise through discussion, name.
Male parent and maternal exchange (i.e. male parent code name 2010081-4, maternal code name 2010166-1) are similarly grasped
Make, the seed of acquisition is also similarly appraised through discussion.
The cenospecies erect plants, plant type is compact, and the florescence is partially late, full-bloom stage plant height 76cm, stem green, villosity, point
Number 2.6, blade oval or ellipse, blade face is more smooth, and plant type is compact.At the beginning of pale reddish brown, 5 months early flowering seasons, in ripe type.Seed
Ellipse, black, mass of 1000 kernel 1.2g.Root item number 11~13, hair root is rare, elongated cylindrical, slightly curved song, long 32~40cm, directly
1.3~1.5cm of diameter, surface brownish red or dark brownish red, it is coarse, have vertical wrinkle.Good, the suitable cultivation of cold-resistant, drought resisting, high yield characteristic
Density in planting is 8000 plants or so per acre, and fresh root yield reaches as high as 3530kg per acre.By the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
(2015) prescriptive procedure measures: the total content of tanshinone IIA, Cryptotanshinone and salvia miltiorrhiza bge I is 0.49%, and content of danshinolic acid B is
5.13%.And male parent female parent reciprocal cross performance is not much different, the varieties and characteristics are excellent, and the production of hybrid seeds for carrying out the kind in next step is educated
Seedling, to carry out the plantation of subsequent large area.
2 production of hybrid seeds nursery
2.1 multiplication fields selection: with 1.1.
2.2 site preparation and fertilizations: with 1.2.
2.3 ridging overlay films
It is planted using wide ridge duplicate rows, 160-170 centimetres of ridge spacing, 80-90 centimetres of ridge bottom width, ridge is 25 centimetres high, ridge face width
40 centimetres.Select 90 centimetres broadly film, 0.01 centimetre of thickness of black degradable mulch covered, close proximity to ground when plastic film mulch,
It tenses, film edge is close to ridge side, buries about 10 centimetres of soil or is fixed with buckle, compacting.In plantation row earthing, thickness 2- on film
3 centimetres.
The transplanting of 2.4 ruptures of membranes
Transplanting on 10 days-April 5 March in next year Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedling, 2 rows are transplanted on ridge, and direct motion intersects plantation 2010081-4 female parent 1
Row, 1 row of 2010166-1 male parent, 20 centimetres of line-spacing, 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
2.5 water-fertilizer integral
Plant line position on ridge and set laying micro irrigation pipe, every 4 ridge is laid with one, all standing planting area, guarantee emergence it is neat,
Nursery and later period water and fertilizer management.
2.6 insect pollination
Every 10 mu of nursery fields, Yu Yinian May-July arrange one case honeybee, are conducive to florescence pollination.
3 nursery furrow prepare
3.1 nursery furrow arrange
Furrow face width 70-80cm between adjacent two ridge, on ridge after parent's transplanting, nursery furrow leveling rake is thin.
Make peanut between 3.2
At the beginning of 5 months in nursery furrow between cultivate peanut 1 row, about 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows, to provide shading, sharp salvia seeds are sprouted, are mentioned
Higher survival rate harvests when peanut maturation at the end of September.
3.3 seeds maturation and nursery
Mid-June, hybrid seed (Parent each other, the seed of reciprocal cross) falls off successively on ridge, until late July.Kind
It after son falls off, is fallen between (or wind is blown into) ridge in soil along black thin film, during which keeps ground moistening and weeds cleaning.
The harvesting of 3.4 seedlings
After early November, start artificial excavation.
3.5 Seedling Assortment
The seedling of nearly straight diameter≤0.5 centimetre of reed head root of seedling is selected, bundling sale, other seedling rejects are carried out.
After above-mentioned measure, field can be with the seedling of 21.5 ten thousand plants of output or so straight diameter≤0.5 centimetre, these kinds per acre
Seedling can be used for the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae cultivation on 43 mu of ground.
The material of reciprocal cross is existed simultaneously in the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedling, it is easier to choose the seedling of function admirable.
Embodiment 3: cenospecies ZJ20132011 breeding and production of hybrid seeds nursery
The cenospecies female parent code name 2010125-1 (male sterility), male parent code name 2010198-1.
1 crossbreeding
1.1 breeding field selections
Select in the region that 5 kilometers of periphery is distributed without plantation Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae or wild Salvia miltiorrhiza, soil layer is deep, it is loose it is fertile,
Well-drained loam plot, avoids clay.
1.2 site preparation and fertilization
At the end of October, site preparation is combined to apply 2500 kilograms of farmyard manure and 15 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or Chinese medicine special fertilizer per acre.
Unified tractor-ploughing is carried out, 30 centimetres of subsoiling or more, Panasonic is real on soil；Leveling, rake are thin.Crop field surrounding builds 1.5 meters wide, 1 meter of depth
Gutter, connect base outlet drainage facility.
1.3 kinds of plants
Select 90 centimetres of broadly films, 0.01 centimetre of thickness of black degradable mulch carries out overlay film, close proximity to ground when plastic film mulch,
It tenses, film edge is buried about 10 centimetres of soil or fixed with buckle, compacting.In on film plant row earthing, 2-3 centimetres of thickness.
Transplanting on 10 days-April 5 March in next year Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedling, rupture of membranes are transplanted, and 3 rows are transplanted on film, 30 centimetres of line-spacing, direct motion intersects
Maternal 2 rows of plantation 2010125-1 (male sterility), 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows；Woody intermediate plantation 1 row of 2010166-1 male parent of two rows, strain
Away from 30 centimetres, with maternal distribution (as shown in Figure 1) triangular in shape.
1.4 harvest seeds
By insect or artificial pollination, after seed blackening is mature, independent harvesting, sunning, threshing, nursery.Crosses ginseng
Add 2-3 variety test, the performance assessment criteria such as comprehensive analysis quality, yield, resistance, the strain for selecting general performance excellent
Regional testing and pilot production are participated in, expert appraisal is carried out and appraises through discussion, name.
The kind erect plants, the florescence is partially late, full-bloom stage plant height 70cm or so, and branch amount 1-2, stem stem leaf piece 8
~10, flower tongue is longer with fruit ear, respectively 38cm and 29cm, and number of flowers about 100, corolla is larger, upper lip length 2.2cm,
Single plant fruit ear number 5~6, middle part blade tip leaflet is of medium size, length-width ratio about 1.3；Seed ellipse, black, mass of 1000 kernel
1.35 gram.Well developed root system, root color depth is red or reddish brown, root long 35cm or more, and main root diameter 1.7cm, lateral root diameter is averagely about
0.75cm, root item number 10~15.Its yield is high, quality is good, and Shandong main producing region yield fresh goods potentiality are 3000kg/667m2More than.
It is measured by the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2015) prescriptive procedure: the total content of tanshinone IIA, Cryptotanshinone and salvia miltiorrhiza bge I
0.32%, content of danshinolic acid B 7.44%；Its disease resistance is preferable, high and stable yields, 8333 plants/667m of suitable planting density2.It should
Varieties and characteristics are excellent, carry out the production of hybrid seeds nursery of the kind in next step, to carry out the plantation of subsequent large area.
2 production of hybrid seeds
2.1 multiplication fields selection: with 1.1.
2.2 site preparation and fertilizations: with 1.2.
2.3 ridging overlay films
It is planted using wide ridge size row, 160-170 centimetres of ridge spacing, 80-90 centimetres of ridge bottom width, ridge is 25 centimetres high, ridge face
It is 40 centimetres wide.Select 90 centimetres broadly film, 0.01 centimetre of thickness of black degradable mulch covered, when plastic film mulch closely
Face, tension, film edge are close to ridge side, bury about 10 centimetres of soil or are fixed with buckle, compacting.It is thick in plantation row earthing on film
2-3 centimetres of degree.
The transplanting of 2.4 ruptures of membranes
Transplanting on 10 days-April 5 March in next year Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedling transplants 3 rows on ridge, and 30 centimetres of line-spacing, direct motion intersects plantation
2010125-1 (male sterility) 2 rows of female parent, 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows；Woody intermediate plantation 1 row of 2010166-1 male parent of two rows, spacing in the rows 30
Centimetre, with maternal distribution (as shown in Figure 1) triangular in shape.
2.5 water-fertilizer integral
Plant line position on ridge and set laying micro irrigation pipe, every 4 ridge is laid with one, all standing planting area, guarantee emergence it is neat,
Nursery and later period water and fertilizer management.
2.6 insect density
Every 10 mu of nursery fields, Yu Wuyue-July arrange one case honeybee, are conducive to florescence pollination.
3 nursery
3.1 nursery furrow arrange
Furrow face width 70-80cm between adjacent two ridge, on ridge after parent's transplanting, leveling rake is thin.
Make peanut between 3.2
It cultivates peanut between bottom of trench at the beginning of 5 months 1 row, 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows, to ensure that salvia seeds are sprouted, emergence rate is improved, in September
When the peanut maturation of bottom, harvested.
3.3 seeds maturation and nursery
Mid-June, seed fall off successively, until late July.After seed shedding, fall into along black thin film (or wind
Enter) between ridge in soil, during which keep ground moistening and weeds cleaning.
The harvesting of 3.4 seedlings
After early November, start artificial excavation.
3.5 Seedling Assortment
The seedling of nearly straight diameter≤0.5 centimetre of reed head root of seedling is selected, bundling sale, other seedling rejects are carried out.
After above-mentioned measure, 1 mu of field can produce to obtain 200,000 plants of seedling of Jing≤0.5 centimetre Zhi, can be used for
The Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae cultivation on 40 mu of ground.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings, characterized in that the following steps are included:
1) preparation in production of hybrid seeds nursery field
In mid-October, to production of hybrid seeds nursery field site preparation and fertilization, and pumping equipment is built in crop field surrounding；
2) ridging overlay film
It is planted using wide ridge, black mulch film is covered on ridge, be nursery furrow under ridge；Line position is planted on ridge sets laying micro irrigation pipe, every 4
Ridge is laid with one, all standing planting area；
3) rupture of membranes is transplanted
For the maternal Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties for male sterile material: transplanting 3 row Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedlings on ridge 10 days-April 5 March in next year；
Wherein maternal 2 rows of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, 30-35 centimetres of line-spacing, maternal intermediate plantation 1 row of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae male parent of two rows, with maternal distribution triangular in shape；
For the maternal Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties for male-fertile material: 2 row Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedlings are transplanted on ridge 10 days-April 5 March in next year,
Direct motion, which intersects, plants maternal 1 row, 1 row of male parent, and the reciprocal cross mode of Parent hybridizes each other, and 20-30 centimetres of line-spacing；
4) seed maturation and nursery
Using insect pollination, the seed of both sides Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae was fallen off successively until late July on mid-June ridge, after seed shedding, along black
Color mulch is fallen between ridge in the soil of nursery furrow；Peanut is planted among nursery furrow in advance at the beginning of 5 months simultaneously, is at this time salvia seeds
Growth and development shade；
5) it harvests
It is harvested when peanut maturation at the end of September；Start to excavate Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seedling in early November, selects the kind of Jing≤0.5 centimetre root Zhi
Seedling carries out bundling sale.
2. a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, characterized in that the wide ridge of the step 2),
160-170 centimetres of ridge spacing, ridge is 25 ± 2 centimetres high, and 40 ± 5 centimetres of ridge top width, the nursery furrow between adjacent two ridge are 70-80 lis wide
Rice, nursery furrow plant 1 row of peanut.
3. a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, characterized in that every 10 mu of nursery fields, in 5
The moon-July arranges one case honeybee, is conducive to florescence pollination.
4. a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, characterized in that tight when the step 2) plastic film mulch
It pastes ground, tense, film edge is close to ridge side, and mulching film edge is buried 10 ± 2 centimetres of soil or fixed with buckle, compacting；In mulch
Upper plantation row earthing, 2-3 centimetres of thickness.
5. a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings as described in any one of claim 1-4, characterized in that Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is new
Kind obtains by the following method:
A. miltiorrhiza germplasm purifies
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge by field plot test evaluate, select function admirable Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae single plant cover mesh bag carry out Pollinating Insect every
From, realize Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae individual plant selfing pollination it is solid；After single-strain seed harvest, independent sunning, threshing, preservation, nursery；By 3-4
Strain after secondary individual plant selfing, by quality, yield and ecological characteristics evaluation after, select the single plant group of function admirable as
The parent material of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae hybridization；
B. hybrid variety breeding
According to Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae phenotype, quality and genetic distance, selection quality is good and the farther away parent's in-group of genetic distance hybridizes.
6. a kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae new varieties production of hybrid seeds method for culturing seedlings as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that in order to guarantee that individual plant selfing is awarded
Powder is gone on smoothly, and honeybee is put into mesh bag and carries out pollination self to single plant Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.
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| CN102715079A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-10-10 | 西北农林科技大学 | Breeding method of novel variety of red-rooted salvia |
| CN105594417A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-05-25 | 金沙亿众现代科技农业产业有限公司 | Planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza |
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