CN108401899A - A kind of producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south - Google Patents
A kind of producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south Download PDFInfo
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- CN108401899A CN108401899A CN201810466395.2A CN201810466395A CN108401899A CN 108401899 A CN108401899 A CN 108401899A CN 201810466395 A CN201810466395 A CN 201810466395A CN 108401899 A CN108401899 A CN 108401899A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south, are related to corn breeding techniques field.The producing method for seed includes：Sow step；The sowing step includes：The seed of southern tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety is seeded in and produces production of hybrid seeds region suitable for tropical corn；20 meters of the production of hybrid seeds region and conventional corn planting area interval or more.Using the producing method for seed, can southern tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety be subjected to the production of hybrid seeds in northern area, help to improve seed quality and yield, reduce production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to corn breeding techniques fields, in particular to a kind of tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south
Producing method for seed.
Background technology
Table waxy corn industry had obtained unprecedented development in recent years, and the cultivated area of fresh edible maize increases constantly,
Data show that the fresh edible maize cultivated area in the current whole nation reaches more than 1,700 ten thousand mu according to investigations, and cultivated area big in this way is to fresh food
The demand of corn seed also rises constantly, since fresh edible maize grower is small area plantation mostly, so grower
It is also more stringent to the quality requirement of seed, the purity of seed is not required nothing more than, and cleanliness, bud rate, moisture four indices are higher than country
Standard, and the presentation qualities such as color and luster, plumpness, the uniformity, mass of 1000 kernel for requiring seed also want high, and require the bud of seed
Important and influential persons is strong, emergence neat and consistent reduces life so that the picking time in later stage will also reach consistent as far as possible to be the producer
Produce cost.
There is corn seed to produce advantageous advantage, be known as national corn seed producing base for Gansu Zhangye
" natural corn seed produces kingdom ".Domestic topography is flat, fertile soil, irrigate facility, sunlight-heat reaources enrich, day and night temperature
Greatly, precipitation is few, evaporation capacity is high, air drying, and not only lovely luster, full seed, germination percentage are high for produced seed, moisture
It is low, commodity is good, the always deep favorable comment by domestic and international travelling trader, be the ideal place for producing multiple kinds of crops seed.In addition it dries
Weather conditions be highly advantageous to the storage of seeds, the storage of seeds 4 years under normal operation, germination percentage remains at 90% or more.With
Other domestic areas are compared, and seed production, storage advantage are very prominent.It produces 4.5 hundred million kg or more of high-quality hybrid corn seed per year, accounts for
40% or more of national field corn year sowing quantity can meet the nearly 200,000,000 mu of field corn production kind in China, become country
The hybrid corn seed Breeding base of grade.Such superior natural conditions are even more that the quality of production requires relatively high fresh edible maize to give birth to
Optimal selection is produced, the general consumption habit of fresh edible maize is that waxy corn is liked in the north, and corn, most of corns are liked in south
Kind is generally all planted in south, and kind all blood sources with the southern torrid zone of plantation, in the north, production seed compares tired
Difficulty, and the sweet corn seeds quality of south production at all can not be compared with the seed that Zhangye produces, many southern seeds enterprise
Sight is just placed on the best seed production base of this piece by industry, in order to comply with the demand in this market, is given birth to by the production of hybrid seeds of more than ten years
Industry is tested, especially the experience in terms of the production of fresh edible maize seed, can solve the skill that southern corn produces in the north substantially
Art problem.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south, using the production of hybrid seeds side
Southern tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety can be carried out the production of hybrid seeds in northern area, help to improve seed quality and yield by method,
Reduce production cost.
The invention is realized in this way：
A kind of producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south comprising：Sow step；
Above-mentioned sowing step includes：The seed of southern tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety is seeded in produce suitable for corn and is made
Kind region；
20 meters of the production of hybrid seeds region and conventional corn planting area interval or more, it is selected using and color selector more selected than heavy-duty machine
It can solve the isolating problem of corn and conventional corn.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, before sowing step, which further includes：Base
The selection step on ground,
The base selection step includes selecting base according to the feature of Sweet corn variety and tropical blood source characteristic
Shi Jinliang selects day and night temperature small, and level of ground water is high, and air humidity is big, and height above sea level is relatively low, and the high production of hybrid seeds region of accumulated temperature is as sweet tea jade
Rice seed production base, such as all there is above-mentioned weather item in corn planting region of the northern Zhangye close to Heihe bank
Part, sweet corn seeds of arranging production in these regions as far as possible.
The seed sugar content of corn is relatively high, and content of starch is low, and seed is all flat, its germination, the native ability ratio in top
Compared with it is weak, require prepartion of land when selecting base, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil fertility is good, the high sandy loam of moisture in the soil be preferred.
Ground moisture in the soil will centainly be got well, and soil wants continuous, thin, and such soil seed can solve that corn top soil ability is weak, emergence with upper seeding
Difference achievees the purpose that quick emergence, full stand, seedling are complete.And it selects not planting recent years based on the plot of corn,
Such plot can prevent continuous cropping and pest and disease damage from endangering.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, before above-mentioned sowing step, above-mentioned producing method for seed also wraps
It includes：Site preparation step；
Above-mentioned site preparation step includes：The soil in above-mentioned production of hybrid seeds region deep plough and is carefully turned over, and by following Application Ratio into
Row fertilising：
Soil fertilizing per acre：Farm manure 4500-5500kg, phosphorus diammonium 20-30kg, urea 15-25kg, zinc sulfate 1-3kg
And potassium sulfate 7-13kg.
The spring in the north is air-dried, and dust storm is big, and the ground moisture in the soil in soil is not easy to preserve soil moisture, so must be carried out before plantation fine whole
Ground, it is desirable that accomplish that deep ploughing is carefully turned over, remove the stalk of field last year plantation and shabby mulch.Agriculture is applied per acre in conjunction with soil deeptillage
Family fertilizer 4500-5500kg, phosphorus diammonium 20-30kg, urea 15-25kg, zinc sulfate 1-3kg, potassium sulfate 7-13kg.Then carry out town
Pressure, accomplishes defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and Land leveling, soil is broken, stubble is net, unearthed conducive to corn.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, in above-mentioned sowing step, male parent and maternal intermission seeding
So that Parent flower synchronization.
The wrong phase：The technology of most critical generally just carries out development work in the southern corn combination of production in the previous year,
Thus the growing characters of two parents, the loose powder period of plant growing way, especially male parent, maternal spinning period, male parent are observed
Pollen amount number, the length of loose powder time, the speed of female parent spinning, the regularity and affinity etc. of plant spinning.
Result formulates rational seeding method and sowing wrong phase according to the observation.If the not trial-production observation knot of upper one year
Fruit can be adjusted in southern breeding time and tropical blood source material in the characteristic of north growth according to parent.Southern corn tool
There is tropical blood relationship, breeding time elongation is all shown as when the north produces, plant growing way is tall and big vigorous, the roomy thickness of blade or even leaf
It increased when the more southern growth of the piece number.It is wrong if two parents are without tropical blood source by taking the kind of sowing of the southern same period as an example
Phase the north and south it is almost the same, if a parent has a lighter tropical blood source, which increases 5-7 in northern breeding time
It, which should in advance sow 5-7 days, if a parent has heavier tropical blood source, the parent to increase in northern breeding time
Add 10-15 days, which should in advance sow 10-15 days.Clothes female parent be not the same period sow be subject to according to the above rule it is appropriate
Adjustment.The production of hybrid seeds of " Hua Wangtian 5 " kind in Zhangye wrong phase is：Female parent is first broadcast, female parent broadcasts a phase male parent on the 15th day after broadcasting, then
It spends 5 days and broadcasts the second stage of male parent, powder collecting day was broadcast after 5 days.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, it in above-mentioned sowing step, is broadcast using bunch planting way
Kind.
The combination stronger for male parent growing way, pollen amount is big takes " babysbreath " mode to plant；Male parent and maternal growing way
Almost, the few kind of pollen amount takes " babysbreath " that " row ratio " mode is added to sow, the group that male parent growing way is poor, pollen amount is small
Conjunction can only take " row ratio ", and mode is sowed, and to increase the ratio of male parent.
For example, south torrid zone blood relationship Sweet corn variety if it is " Hua Wangtian 5 " kind, then suggests that " babysbreath " is taken to add
The mode of " row ratio " is planted.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, it in above-mentioned sowing step, is broadcast using bunch planting way
Kind, the caves soil sowing 4800-5200 are maternal per acre, and maternal spacing in the rows is 25-30cm, line-spacing 50-55cm；
Male parent is 1 with maternal row ratio:The spacing in the rows of 6-8, male parent are 25-30cm.
Hill-drop drill, maternal spacing in the rows is generally used to be adjusted to 25-30cm, line-spacing 50-55cm when sowing, mu sowing exists
5000 caves or so, due to being that machine sowing substantially accomplishes that the sowing depth is consistent, earthing is uniform, and seeding row spacing is consistent, ensures emergence
When being capable of neat and consistent.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, after sowing step, above-mentioned producing method for seed further includes：
Overlay film step；
Above-mentioned overlay film step includes：The mulch for using thickness to be 70-80cm for 0.01-0.02mm, width carries out overlay film, when plastic film mulch
Film surface width is not less than 50cm.
According to the practically soil moisture content condition in each production of hybrid seeds region, scribing line plastic film mulch is timely carried out within 6 to 15 days prior to seeding, and scribing line is wanted
100-110cm is sought, mulch generally uses the common ground film of 0.01-0.02mm thickness 70-80cm wide best, i.e., cost-effective, and energy
Meet the needs of production of hybrid seeds, while being conducive to impurity elimination emasculation, concentrates the implementation of the measures such as fertilising and tillage and weeding.Plastic film mulch of crossing is necessary
Accomplish that the straight film of line is flat, film surface compacting compresses, and prevents strong wind wound membrane, while accomplishing that film surface wants wide when plastic film mulch, and film surface is not less than 50cm.
If it is can ensure under " babysbreath " planting patterns male parent can healthy normal growth, provide enough pollen to be maternal, really
It is normal to protect pollination.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, after overlay film step, above-mentioned producing method for seed further includes：
Put seedling thinning step；
Above-mentioned seedling thinning step of putting includes：When emergence, mulch is removed, while dialling and removing extra seedling, only retained per cave
Two seedlings；Carry out thinning when the seedling of reservation grows to six leaves, when thinning pulls out seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling, miscellaneous seedling, only retains whole
The healthy seedling that homogeneous causes.
Due to overlay film and machine sowing, part corn seedling cannot drill out mulch, the temperature after emergence under mulch in time
It is high, it is easy to cause burn seedlings phenomenon, it is necessary to timely to carry out putting seedling in emergence, ensure full stand.It is appropriate to be carried out when putting seedling
Thinning, remove extra seedling, only retain two seedlings per cave, prevent seedling from fighting for nutrient more and be unfavorable for nurturing staff.In seedling
Into final singling in the ranks when growing to six leaves, when thinning, pulls out seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling, miscellaneous seedling, only retains the healthy seedling of neat and consistent.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, after above-mentioned overlay film step, above-mentioned producing method for seed also wraps
It includes：Roguing step；
Above-mentioned roguing step includes：It is special according to the feature of parents before male parent takes out male loose powder in jointing between tasseling stage
Property is strictly distinguished miscellaneous weak plant and is pulled out.
The prophase management in corn seed farm, that is, production of hybrid seeds region is extremely important.The emphasis of prophase management is：Seedling stage will accomplish
Full stand, Miao Yun, Miao Quan, robust seedling；To accomplish that fertilizer and water management is timely before chasmogamous, drought can pour flood and can arrange；And top dressing in time, intertillage
Hoe up weeds and prevent pest and disease damage.It should be noted that the corn florescence is affected by environment very big, especially the corn typhon mouth phase
Arid during spinning to female fringe, can cause the florescence of Parent different influences so that Parent flowering asynchronism causes
The production of hybrid seeds fails.Thus, it is ensured that the soil moisture of corn seed farm, meeting drought will water in time.Especially corn toy trumpet
Mouth arrives duration of flowering, it is ensured that the moisture supply of corn.Meanwhile chance flood will drain in time.
It must carry out rogueing when seed farm prophase management to rogue, this is that the important technology of acquisition high-purity cenospecies is arranged
It applies.Its method is, in seed farm corn jointing between tasseling stage, strictly to distinguish miscellaneous weak plant according to the feature of parents and incite somebody to action
It is pulled out.
Rogueing, which is rogued, repeatedly to carry out by stages, completed before taking out male loose powder particularly with male parent, in case hybrid strain is being made
Loose powder in tilling the land.Also roguing is carried out to male parent powder collecting area simultaneously.It is special according to the fruit ear of self-mating system after harvest before threshing
Sign carries out fringe choosing, strictly removes the removal of impurities bad fringe of fringe.
Seed farm final-period management refers to the management to the maturity period after being pollinated.Should be with fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control mainly
Main task.It is required that not fertilizer deficiency, not water shortage, field ventilation and penetrating light is good, to promote development of grain and grouting, reaches the mesh of volume increase
's.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, after roguing step, above-mentioned producing method for seed also wraps
It includes：Maternal emasculation artificial pollination step；
It is above-mentioned female parent emasculation artificial pollination step include：Maternal plant tassel before loose powder, while maternal female fringe
When starting spinning, the tassel of maternal plant is removed with leaf or the method for taking off luxuriant emasculation using bud is touched.
Maternal emasculation is the main task of corn middle term management, and timely, thorough, the clean emasculation of female parent is sweet tea jade when the production of hybrid seeds
The Center Technology link of metric system kind success or failure.Technically require by the tassel of maternal plant in seed farm before loose powder in time, one
Strain is thoroughly pulled out with not leaking.To ensure that the quality of maternal emasculation, kind belong to the Sweet corn variety that male and female compare coordination, emasculation is outstanding
Its should be noted that i.e. maternal tassel when just appearing with regard to loose powder, while the maternal female fringe in part has begun to spin, and when emasculation answers
It takes and touches bud with leaf or the method for taking off luxuriant emasculation.It is exactly to be wrapped in blade before tassel exposes top blade when being touched with hand
When tassel, tassel can be pulled out with 1-2 piece tops；Or push the blade for encasing tassel with hand aside, tassel is pulled out.Pull out tassel
When entire tassel is pulled out completely, cannot fracture, cannot there are branch or tassel Remained mass.
Emasculation will carry out in daily morning, must be thorough by maternal tassel before at 10 points in the morning, the head of emasculation all over and two times
It has to singly carry out emasculation by strain line by line, can never walk randomly dew strain emasculation, and otherwise the result of emasculation can be very poor, problem
It is more, many troubles and additional production cost are brought to the emasculation work in later stage, while seed quality can be influenced, head time and two
It after emasculation, is mainly monitored in field plots surrounding, about monitors 10 days or so daily, carry out corn emasculation
It inspects for acceptance.The tassel pulled out must take seed farm, or feeding livestock out of, or dig pit and bury.What maternal emasculation was strict
Seeding technique measure, in real work, due to weather is for example rainy or other reasons, often resulting in cannot be timely
Thorough emasculation, this phenomenon must be prevented, it is necessary to be accomplished stopped by neither wind or rain.It inspects for acceptance in conjunction with maternal emasculation, most
The sick and weak late strain in field should be pulled out together when latter time emasculation, not only can ensure emasculation quality, while field can be improved
Between ventilation and penetrating light condition, improve hybrid seed yield and seed quality.
Maternal emasculation is often carried out with the same period of being pollinated.For the Parent florescence is uncoordinated or the seed farm of flowering asynchronism, answer
This takes the measure of artificial supplementary pollination." Hua Wangtian 5 " production of hybrid seeds must plant male parent powder collecting field, carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned producing method for seed further includes：Male parent cuts off step；
Above-mentioned male parent cuts off step：After male parent has awarded powder, paternal plant is removed from production of hybrid seeds region.
In order to ensure seed production purity, hybrid seed yield and quality are improved, impurity of seeds probability is reduced, powder should have been awarded in male parent
Afterwards, paternal plant is surgeried in time.It takes this measure that can improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition of maternal plant, improves production of hybrid seeds production
Amount improves seed quality.It has been also convenient for the later stage harvest of seed simultaneously.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned producing method for seed further includes：Harvest and drying step.
Corn water content in harvest is after pollination at about 45-50 days, and seed can be ripe, and the bract of maturity symbol fruit ear is
Through whole flavescence, the most tops of seed have collapsed, shrinkage.It must handle with care when harvesting, and be adopted using Turnround basket
Receipts and roping.
It to dry after harvest, during drying and storage, to take timely measure in time, prevent seed from generating heat, is mouldy,
It endures cold, ensures that the germination percentage of seed is unaffected.Durings fruit ear drying, storage etc., to prevent and mix.It should be particularly noted that
It is mouldy that influence of the weather to seed during seed drying, prolonged rainy weather and low temperature cause a large amount of sweet corn seeds
Go bad and endure cold, has seriously affected the germination percentage of seed.Being also noted that when being dried for corn prevents the sprinkle of rainwater, causes
Seed appearance color change influences the appearance commodity of seed, reduces seed quality.
Certainly, it should be noted that in order to enable production of hybrid seeds corn more adapts to the weather conditions in the north, in hybrid seeding
Just arranged upper one year the parental seed of hybrid seeding to be produced in the north, the plot in parental seed breeding field should select soil fertility condition
It is better, the higher production of hybrid seeds regional choice plot almost the same with hybrid seed production weather conditions of the relatively low accumulated temperature of height above sea level is best
It is not plant the production of hybrid seeds plot of corn in recent years as breeding field.
The management in parent field is managed by the field management of production of hybrid seeds corn, to be devoted more time and energy in terms of fertility, pest and disease damage
It is more stringent in terms of prevention, strive for that the parental seed of production is full seed, not the healthy seed of disease carrying germ.
The impurity elimination of parent：The purity of cenospecies and the purity of parent have certain influence, and the impurity elimination in parent propagation field is one
Important work, for the first time impurity elimination are carried out in thinning, final singling, are then appeared successively in toy trumpet mouth phase, typhon mouth phase, tassel
When, when tassel loose powder, so that the hybrid strain of different characteristic at the end of pollination each growthdevelopmental stage is all cut off, ensure parent
The purity of this seed, or even the early and late plant of loose powder, spinning is cut off and leaves and takes loose powder, the consistent plant of spinning concentration as seed collecting
Plant finally carries out the thorough impurity elimination of fruit ear successively again in processing threshing.
The processing and coating of seed, processing preceding combination fruit ear impurity elimination should be bad the fruit ear, maturation for having disease infestation to cross
Fruit ear is all rejected, and when processing screens out using classifying screen larger grain and compared with small-sized seed, leaves and takes seed conduct of uniform size
Parental seed ensures the seed sprouting neat and consistent of production.Since sweet corn seeds are easily broken when processing sweet corn seeds, institute
Threshing must be carried out using the thresing machine of slowspeed machine in threshing, by specific gravity classificatory, the essence of color selector after threshing
Choosing, sweet corn seeds can reach seed quality requirement.Packaging：Since sweet corn seeds are sold in south, seed is transported toward south
To prevent neutron absorption moisture during defeated and when inventory, packed using three layers in packaging, one is put again among two layers of woven bag
Layer polybag.Seed can be prevented moist, mouldy well.
The pest and disease damage of Table waxy corn occurs than more serious, and when coating selects the preferable coating agent of quality, general using first
Bright+7.4 grams of water formulas of fringe of 1 gram of+0.6 gram of+1 gram of Fludioxonil and metaiaxy of the sharp victory of coating agent just reached, are coated the seed of 1kg.Prevention effect in this way
Fruit is very good, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage, reduces the risk of seed in spite of illness, prevents seed seed decay caused by by disease infection
Loss.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south is " Hua Wangtian 5 "
Kind.
Certainly, the specific kind of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south is during the actual production of hybrid seeds, and breeder can be with
It according to circumstances selects, however it is not limited to " Hua Wangtian 5 " kind.
To sum up, the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south provided by the invention, is applicable in north
Southern torrid zone blood relationship Sweet corn variety, improves seed production and quality.
Specific implementation mode
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The feature and performance of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides by taking southern tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety " Hua Wangtian 5 " as an example, the production of hybrid seeds to the present embodiment
Method illustrates, which introduces from Guangzhou modern times Jin Suizhong industry Co., Ltd.
Kind 2016-2017 continuously manufactures experimently seed in Guangdong, Hainan, the result is that 90 kilograms of crop, calculates kind
50 yuan or so of sub- cost per kilogram, and the germination percentage of seed only has 70%.
The step of producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south provided in this embodiment, is as follows：
1, selection production of hybrid seeds region
Select day and night temperature small as possible when selecting base according to the feature of " Hua Wangtian 5 " Sweet corn variety, underground
Water level is high, and air humidity is big, and height above sea level is relatively low, the high production of hybrid seeds regional production corn of accumulated temperature；
The seed sugar content of " Hua Wangtian 5 " corn is relatively high, content of starch bottom, seed be all it is flat, its germination,
The native ability in top compares weak, and prepartion of land, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage is required to facilitate when select base, soil fertility is good, the high sand of moisture in the soil
Loam is preferred, and based on the plot for not planting corn recent years, such plot can prevent continuous cropping and pest and disease damage
Harm.Ground moisture in the soil will centainly be got well, and the good seed of ground moisture in the soil can be with upper seeding, and solution corn emergence is poor, the native ability in top is weak, reaches and quickly goes out
The full purpose of seedling, full stand, seedling；
In Zhangye all there is above-mentioned condition in the planting area of Heihe bank, selects the Wujiang River town villages Guan Zhai as system
Kind base, implements 100 mu of production of hybrid seeds area.
2, whole
The spring in the north is air-dried, and dust storm is big, and the ground moisture in the soil in soil is not easy to preserve soil moisture, so planting of sweet corn is all using covering
Film bunch planting way is planted, so must carry out fine site preparation before plantation, it is desirable that is accomplished that autumn deep ploughing is carefully turned over, is removed the plantation of field last year
Stalk and shabby mulch.Apply 5000 kilograms of farm manure, 25 kilograms of phosphorus diammonium, 20 public affairs of urea per acre in conjunction with soil deeptillage
Jin, 2 kilograms of zinc sulfate, 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate.It is then suppressed, accomplishes defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, Land leveling, soil is broken, stubble is net, is conducive to
Corn is unearthed.According to the practically soil moisture content condition in base, scribing line plastic film mulch is timely carried out within 6 to 15 days prior to seeding, and scribing line requires
100-110cm。
3, it sows
The corn production of hybrid seeds according to for many years knowhow and custom, the combination stronger for male parent growing way, pollen amount is big
" babysbreath " mode is taken to plant；Male parent and the maternal kind that growing way is similar, pollen amount is few, take " babysbreath " to add " row ratio "
Mode is sowed, and the combination that male parent growing way is poor, pollen amount is small can only take " row ratio " mode to sow, and increases the ratio of male parent
Example.
" Hua Wangtian 5 " kind takes " babysbreath " to add the mode of " row ratio ".The technology of most critical, it is beautiful in the southern sweet tea of production
When meter Zu He, development work is just generally carried out in the previous year, thus the growing characters of two parents of observation, the growing way of plant, especially
It is father, maternal loose powder spinning period, the size of paternal pollen amount, the length of loose powder time, the speed of female parent spinning, entirety
The regularity of plant spinning and affinity etc..
It is first to broadcast female parent to formulate " Hua Wangtian 5 " rational seeding method and sowing wrong phase according to the observation result of last year,
Female parent broadcasts a phase male parent on the 15th day after broadcasting, and the second stage of male parent was broadcast after 5 days.
Thickness of sowing：Hill-drop drill, maternal spacing in the rows is generally used to be adjusted to 25-28cm, line-spacing 55-60cm when sowing,
Mu sowing adds " babysbreath " mode to sow in 4500 caves or so, male parent using " row ratio ", and " row ratio " is 1:7, " row ratio " male parent
Spacing in the rows is adjusted to 25-28cm, and " babysbreath " male parent spacing in the rows is 55cm, and mu sowing is in 4500 caves or so, due to being that machine sows base
Accomplish that the sowing depth is consistent on this, earthing is uniform, and seeding row spacing is consistent, and ensureing being capable of neat and consistent when emerging.
4, overlay film
Mulch generally uses the common ground film of 0.01-0.02mm thickness 70-80cm wide best, i.e., cost-effective, and can meet
The demand of the production of hybrid seeds, while being conducive to impurity elimination emasculation, concentrate the implementation of the measures such as fertilising and tillage and weeding.
Scribing line plastic film mulch must accomplish that the straight film of line is flat, and film surface compacting compresses, and prevents strong wind wound membrane, while accomplishing film surface when plastic film mulch
Want wide, film surface is not less than 50cm, can ensure under " babysbreath " planting patterns male parent can healthy normal growth, carried for female parent
For enough pollen, it is ensured that pollination is normal.
5, seedling thinning is put
Due to overlay film and machine sowing, part corn seedling cannot drill out mulch, the temperature after emergence under mulch in time
It is high, it is easy to cause burn seedlings phenomenon, it is necessary to timely to carry out putting seedling in emergence, ensure full stand.It is appropriate to be carried out when putting seedling
Thinning, remove extra seedling, only retain two seedlings per cave, prevent seedling from fighting for nutrient more and be unfavorable for nurturing staff.In seedling
Into final singling in the ranks when long six leaf, when thinning, pulls out seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling, miscellaneous seedling, only retains the healthy seedling of neat and consistent.
6, stringent roguing
In corn jointing between tasseling stage, according to the feature of " Hua Wangtian 5 " parent remove field plant up to,
The plant that leaf color is dark green, growing way is abnormal.Rogueing, which is rogued, repeatedly to carry out by stages, and is completed before taking out male loose powder.In order to avoid miscellaneous
Strain loose powder in seed farm.Also roguing is carried out to male parent powder collecting area simultaneously.It, be according to self-mating system after harvest before threshing
Fruit ear feature carries out fringe choosing, strictly removes the removal of impurities bad fringe of fringe.Seed farm final-period management refers to the management to the maturity period after being pollinated.It is main
It will should be using fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control as main task.It is required that not fertilizer deficiency, not water shortage, field ventilation and penetrating light is good, to promote
Into development of grain and grouting, achieve the purpose that volume increase.
7, maternal stringent, timely emasculation
Maternal tassel is when just appearing with regard to loose powder, while the maternal female fringe in part has begun to spin, and takes and touches luxuriant band
Leaf or when taking off the method emasculation of luxuriant emasculation.
It is exactly that, when touching tassel of the packet in blade with hand, can be incited somebody to action with 1-2 piece tops before tassel exposes top blade
Tassel is pulled out；Or push the blade for encasing tassel with hand aside, tassel is pulled out.Entire tassel is pulled out completely when pulling out tassel
It removes, cannot fracture, it cannot there are branch or tassel Remained mass.
8, artificial supplementary pollination and method
The sowing wrong phase at the florescence observed when manufacturing experimently " Hua Wangtian 5 " according to the previous year, " Hua Wangtian 5 " is first to broadcast mother
This, female parent broadcasts first phase male parent on the 18th day after broadcasting, female parent broadcasts second phase male parent on the 23rd day after broadcasting, two are broadcast in order to which period insured spy adds
Phase powder collecting old farmer sheet both broadcast 2 mu of male parent powder collecting fields in the 14th day after female parent is broadcast, and broadcast 2 mu of male parent powder collectings within the 27th day after female parent is broadcast
Field.Due to climate reasons " Hua Wangtian 5 " male parent loose powder some morning compared with last year, situation timely takes maternal early go according to the observation
It is male and cut fruit ear bract technical measures, by cutting bract work, basic 60% maternal spinning and the second stage of male parent loose powder time three times
It meets, then carries out artificial pollination using second batch powder collecting field, finally pollinating solid can reach 7 one-tenth.Artificial pollination takes powder to adopt
Field is taken directly to take powder and indoor culture pollen, it is exactly with plastic tub at 10 o'clock of every morning in powder collecting field that field, which directly takes powder,
In the pollen on the male parent tassel bloomed shaken down whole concentrations；Indoor culture pollen has already passed through field for the first time
The tassel of powder is shaken in field, and band leaf is folded down entire tassel and is placed on equipped in syrup vial before 5 points in the afternoon, cultivation
The room of pollen requires humidity in 70%, temperature at 30 degree, and 1000 watts of light bulb carries out illumination, can by cultivation in 15 hours
Collect many pollen.Artificial pollination method filters out pollen and anther shell with gauze kerchief, and a small amount of talcum is mixed in pollen
Powder prevents pollen from luming, ready pollen in 5 centimetres of diameter, long 15 centimetres of bamboo pipe, in bamboo tube opening section
Cover with silk stocking, be with bamboo pipe because its moisture absorption, it is heat-insulated do not make pollen is rotten to lose vigor, by pollen tube maternal when pollination
Above filigree 5 centimeters gently shake it is several under see that pollen is fallen on filigree, if without female fringe of pollinating in time filigree compared with
The long filigree that about 5 centimeter lengths are cut with scissors carries out, in this way pollination it is general want just to can guarantee for 2 to 3 times it is solid well.
9, male parent is cut off
In order to ensure seed production purity, hybrid seed yield and quality are improved, impurity of seeds probability is reduced, powder should have been awarded in male parent
Afterwards, paternal plant is surgeried in time.It takes this measure that can improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition of maternal plant, improves production of hybrid seeds production
Amount improves seed quality.It has been also convenient for the later stage harvest of seed simultaneously.Male parent water-removing is improve hybrid seed yield and quality effective
Measure should actively be carried out.
10, harvest processing
" Hua Wangtian 5 " maturity symbol：The bract of fruit ear all turns yellow, and the most tops of seed have collapsed, shrinkage.
It to dry after harvest, during drying and storage, to take timely measure in time, prevent seed from generating heat, is mouldy,
It endures cold, ensures that the germination percentage of seed is unaffected.Durings fruit ear drying, storage etc., to prevent and mix.It should be particularly noted that
It is mouldy that influence of the weather to seed during seed drying, prolonged rainy weather and low temperature cause a large amount of sweet corn seeds
Go bad and endure cold, has seriously affected the germination percentage of seed.Being also noted that when being dried for corn prevents the sprinkle of rainwater, causes
Seed appearance color change, the appearance commodity for influencing seed are seen, and seed quality is reduced.Since the kind breeding time is too long, so that
It is ripe later, drying work cannot have been completed by the drying of normal natural conditions, ensured that seed moisture content can be up to standard, taken drying
Method gives corn dehydration in time, reduces moisture, it is ensured that seed tooth rate.
The production of hybrid seeds results contrast of " Hua Wangtian 5 " Sweet corn variety is ideal, and average product reaches 180 kilograms per acre, seed
Of good quality, bud rate is up to 91%, converts into seed costs 20 yuan/kilogram, and it is more to save cost half compared with southern production.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any made by repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south, which is characterized in that it includes：Sow step；
The sowing step includes：The seed of southern tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety is seeded in suitable for tropical corn production system
Kind region；
20 meters of the production of hybrid seeds region and conventional corn planting area interval or more.
2. the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south according to claim 1, which is characterized in that broadcast described
Before kind step, the producing method for seed further includes：Site preparation step；
The site preparation step includes：The soil in the production of hybrid seeds region deep plough and is carefully turned over, and is applied by following Application Ratio
Fertilizer：
Soil fertilizing per acre：Farm manure 4500-5500kg, phosphorus diammonium 20-30kg, urea 15-25kg, zinc sulfate 1-3kg and
Potassium sulfate 7-13kg.
3. the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south according to claim 2, which is characterized in that broadcast described
In kind step, male parent is with maternal intermission seeding so that Parent flower synchronization.
4. the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south according to claim 3, which is characterized in that broadcast described
In kind step, sowed using bunch planting way.
5. the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south according to claim 4, which is characterized in that broadcast described
It in kind step, is sowed using bunch planting way, the caves soil sowing 4800-5200 are maternal per acre, and maternal spacing in the rows is 25-
30cm, line-spacing 50-55cm；
Male parent is 1 with maternal row ratio:The spacing in the rows of 6-8, male parent are 25-30cm.
6. the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that broadcasting
After kind step, the producing method for seed further includes：Overlay film step；
The overlay film step includes：The mulch for using thickness to be 70-80cm for 0.01-0.02mm, width carries out overlay film, film surface when plastic film mulch
Width is not less than 50cm.
7. the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south according to claim 6, which is characterized in that walked in overlay film
After rapid, the producing method for seed further includes：Put seedling thinning step；
The seedling thinning step of putting includes：When emergence, mulch is removed, while dialling and removing extra seedling, only retains two per cave
Seedling；Carry out thinning when the seedling of reservation grows to six leaves, when thinning pulls out seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling, miscellaneous seedling, only retains neat one
The healthy seedling of cause.
8. the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south according to claim 6, which is characterized in that covered described
After film step, the producing method for seed further includes：Roguing step；
The roguing step includes：It is tight according to the feature of parents before male parent takes out male loose powder in jointing between tasseling stage
Lattice are distinguished miscellaneous weak plant and are pulled out.
9. the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south according to claim 8, which is characterized in that gone in impurity elimination
After bad step, the producing method for seed further includes：Maternal emasculation artificial pollination step；
It is described female parent emasculation artificial pollination step include：Maternal plant tassel before loose powder, maternal female fringe starts to spin
When, the tassel of maternal plant is removed with leaf or the method for taking off luxuriant emasculation using bud is touched.
10. the producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the system
Kind of method further includes：Male parent cuts off step；
The male parent cuts off step：After male parent has awarded powder, paternal plant is removed from production of hybrid seeds region.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110447528A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-15 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | It is a kind of to carry out Maize Tri-crossed Hybrid crossbreeding producing method for seed using three series mating technology |
| CN111518940A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 华南师范大学 | Method for detecting Wx1 molecular marker and applying Wx1 molecular marker to sweet waxy corn breeding |
| CN113940168A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sweet corn seed treatment method |
-
2018
- 2018-05-16 CN CN201810466395.2A patent/CN108401899A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 卢文佳等: "广东甜玉米品种在西北地区的繁制种技术", 《中国种业》 * |
| 周积兵等: "超甜玉米种子生产技术规程", 《中国种业》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110447528A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-15 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | It is a kind of to carry out Maize Tri-crossed Hybrid crossbreeding producing method for seed using three series mating technology |
| CN110447528B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-09-23 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | Method for carrying out corn three-way cross breeding and seed production by using three-line matching technology |
| CN111518940A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 华南师范大学 | Method for detecting Wx1 molecular marker and applying Wx1 molecular marker to sweet waxy corn breeding |
| CN113940168A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sweet corn seed treatment method |
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