CN110447528B - Method for carrying out corn three-way cross breeding and seed production by using three-line matching technology - Google Patents
Method for carrying out corn three-way cross breeding and seed production by using three-line matching technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for carrying out corn three-hybrid cross breeding and seed production by utilizing a three-line matching technology, wherein a corn male sterile line is used as a first female parent, a male fertile corn inbred line with the same line as the corn male sterile line in source is used as a maintainer line, namely a first male parent, offspring generated by the first female parent and the first male parent is used as a second female parent, and the second female parent is a male sterile line; taking a male fertile corn inbred line with a source different from a corn male sterile line as a maintainer line, namely a second male parent, hybridizing the second female parent and the second male parent, and taking the generated F1 generation seeds as a single hybrid as a third female parent which is male sterile; hybridizing the restoring line with the third female parent to produce F1 generation seed as the third mating seed. The purity of the hybrid seed meets the national triple hybrid standard with absolute certainty, the high seed production yield can be easily achieved in the seed production yield, and the new variety has absolute advantages in the market competition.
Description
Technical Field
The field belongs to the field of breeding and seed production, and relates to a method for carrying out corn three-way cross breeding and seed production by using a three-line matching technology.
Background
The conventional corn hybrid seed production field must be manually castrated, and the male ear of the female parent can be timely, cleanly and thoroughly pulled out before blooming and pollen scattering to obtain high-quality hybrid seeds, but in fact, most of the corn hybrid seed production fields are difficult to realize. The phenomenon of yield reduction caused by impure seeds and low quality is frequently repeated, and the main reason is that the castration of a seed preparation field is not timely or thorough, so that inferior seeds are generated. Seed disputes caused by the method occur every year. The most effective measure for solving the problem is to cultivate and utilize three-line corn hybrid, the female parent of the hybrid has no pollen, the artificial emasculation is not needed in the seed production field, the seed purity is guaranteed, and the artificial emasculation cost is also saved.
Although the prior art is a three-line matching technology, the single cross breeding and seed production technology is adopted in principle, the high yield is not easy to be achieved in the seed production yield, and no obvious competitive advantage exists in the market; in the prior art, a three-line matching technology is adopted, so that a layer of protection effect is achieved on property right protection, but a certain germplasm resource loss risk is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the three-line matching technology, the invention provides a method for carrying out corn three-way cross breeding and seed production by using the three-line matching technology, which has the advantages of higher seed production yield, guaranteed seed production purity and no loss of germplasm resources.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for carrying out corn triple hybrid cross breeding and seed production by utilizing a three-line matching technology comprises the steps of taking a corn male sterile line (A1) as a first female parent, taking a male fertile corn self-bred line (A2) with the same source as the corn male sterile line (A1) as a maintenance line, namely a first male parent, taking a progeny generated by the first female parent and the first male parent as a second female parent or (A1), namely an A2 male maintenance line (first male parent) xA 1 male sterile line (first female parent) → A1 male sterile line (as a second female parent), and taking the second female parent as a male sterile line; taking a male fertile maize inbred line (A3) with a different source from the maize male sterile line (A1) as a maintainer line, namely a second male parent, hybridizing the second female parent and the second male parent, and generating F1 generation seeds which are single hybrid seeds and serve as a third female parent, wherein the third female parent is male sterile; hybridizing the restoring line (C1) with the third female parent to produce F1 generation seeds as the three-cross hybrid.
Further, a method for carrying out corn three-way cross breeding and seed production by using a three-line mating technology, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: seed production of a male fertile corn inbred line (A2) and a corn male sterile line (A1):
the male fertile corn inbred line (A2) is used as a maintainer line, namely a first male parent, and the corn male sterile line (A1) is used as a first female parent, namely a sterile line; the seed production time row ratio of the male parent and the female parent is 1: 5 is more appropriate; adopting a precision hill planter on a film, adopting a 70 cm wide mulching film, three films and six rows, cultivating in wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide rows are 70 cm, the narrow rows are 40 cm, the plant spacing is 18.5 cm, and keeping 6500 seedlings per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days; the method comprises the following steps of harvesting respectively in the harvesting process, wherein the harvested male fertile corn inbred line (A2) is used as a first male parent, and the harvested corn male sterile line (A1) is used as a second female parent.
Step 2: seed production of male fertile corn inbred line (A3), seed production of restorer line (C1):
1. seed production of male fertile corn inbred line (A3)
A precision hill planter on a film is adopted, 70 cm wide mulching film is used, three films and six rows are used, wide and narrow row cultivation is carried out, the wide row is 70 cm, the narrow row is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 17.5 cm, and 7000 seedlings are protected per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days; the propagation of the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) adopts two nursery plants, and the propagation needs to be carried out in the region without corn planting in 2500 m square and round.
2. Seed production of restorer line (C1)
A precision hill planter on a film is adopted, a mulching film with the width of 70 cm is used, three films and six rows are used, wide and narrow rows are used for cultivation, the width of each row is 70 cm, the width of each row is 40 cm, the row spacing is 18.5 cm, and 6500 seedlings are protected per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days; the propagation of the restorer line (C1) adopts two nursery plants, and the propagation needs to be carried out in the region without corn planting in 2500 m square and round.
And 3, step 3: f1 generation single cross seed production:
taking a male fertile corn inbred line (A3) as a maintainer line, namely a second male parent, taking a corn male sterile line (A1) as a second female parent, namely a sterile line, wherein the male-female parent-parent line ratio in seed production is 1: 5; adopting a precision hill planter on a film, adopting a 70 cm wide mulching film, three films and six rows, cultivating in wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide rows are 70 cm, the narrow rows are 40 cm, the plant spacing is 18.5 cm, and keeping 6500 seedlings per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, sowing the male parent and the female parent at the same time in the first period, sowing the male parent at the second period 4 days after the first period, and sowing the male parent at the depth of 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping water for 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days;
and 4, step 4: f1 generation three-way cross breeding:
and (3) hybridizing by using a restoring line (C1) as a third male parent and using an F1 generation single hybrid as a third female parent, wherein the row ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 5; adopting a precision hill planter on a film, adopting a 70 cm wide mulching film, three films and six rows, cultivating in wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide rows are 70 cm, the narrow rows are 40 cm, the plant spacing is 17.5 cm, and 7000 seedlings are protected per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, sowing in the same period of male and female parents, sowing the male parents in the second period 4 days after the sowing of the male parents in the first period, and sowing the male parents in the second period to a depth of 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 75-85 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, controlling the water consumption at 420-480 cubic meters, and harvesting in good time in a dripping period of 7-10 days.
Further, a method for carrying out corn triple hybrid breeding and seed production by using a three-line mating technology, wherein in the step 3, the second male parent is divided into two batches: the first batch of second male parents and the second batch of second male parents are sown at the same time, and the second batch of second male parents are sown 4 days after the first batch of second male parents are sown.
Further, a method for carrying out corn triple hybrid breeding and seed production by using a three-line mating technology, wherein the third male parent is divided into two batches in the step 4: the first batch of third male parents and the third female parents are sown at the same time, and the second batch of third male parents are sown 4 days after the first batch of third male parents are sown.
Furthermore, a method for carrying out corn triple hybrid cross breeding and seed production by utilizing a three-line matching technology, wherein in the step 4, the previous crop is selected to be excellent (green manure crop or other good crop applying organic matters), the soil layer is deep and fertile, the content of the organic matters in the soil is more than 1.2 percent, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is more than or equal to 50 mg per kilogram, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 12 mg per kilogram, and the content of salt in the soil is less than 0.2 percent; the land ploughing depth is more than 25 cm, the ploughing depth is consistent, and the upturned soil is turned uniformly; the straw is returned to the field and the green and fertile land is cut and buried well; and applying 2000-3000 kg of high-quality manure on the base before turning over the non-green manure land.
Further, a method for carrying out corn three-way cross breeding and seed production by using a three-line matching technology, wherein the step 4 further comprises the following steps of strictly fixing seedlings and removing impurities: when the corn seedlings have three leaves and one heart, the third female parent is subjected to large and small seedling removal according to the designed density, seedlings are uniformly remained, the uniform maturity of the seeds is facilitated, and the quality of the seeds is improved; and (3) reserving large and small seedlings for the third male parent, and removing over-vigorous seedlings, over-weakened seedlings and abnormal seedlings twice after jointing and before castration during final singling.
Further, a method for carrying out corn triple hybrid cross breeding and seed production by utilizing a triple-line mating technology, wherein in the step 3, the second male parent is cut off in time within ten days after the second male parent and the second female parent are pollinated; in the step 4, the third male parent is cut off in time within ten days after the pollination of the third male parent and the third female parent is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the technology adopts a three-line matching technology to carry out the technical method of the corn three-way cross breeding seed production, and the technology adopts the hybridization of two maintainer lines and a sterile line, thereby achieving the national three-way cross standard with absolute certainty in purity. Secondly, the technology plays a double-layer protection role in the protection of intellectual property rights due to the application of the male sterile line twice, and completely solves the risk of resource loss. Finally, in terms of seed production yield, the triple hybrid breeding technology is adopted, wherein the seeds produced by A3 xA 1 → F1 are single cross seeds, so that C1 xF 1 → (F1 is triple cross) can easily achieve higher seed production yield in terms of seed production yield, and the new variety has absolute advantage in terms of market competition.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for producing hybrid seeds by using three-line mating technology for maize three-way cross breeding.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for producing hybrid seeds by hybridizing maize three-hybrid by using a three-line mating technology, wherein a maize male sterile line (a1) is used as a first female parent, a male fertile maize inbred line (a2) which is derived from the same line as the maize male sterile line (a1) is used as a maintainer line, namely a first male parent, and a progeny generated by the first female parent and the first male parent is used as a second female parent or (a1), namely an a2 male maintainer line (first male parent) × a1 male sterile line (first female parent) → a1 male sterile line (second female parent), and the second female parent is a male sterile line; using a male fertile corn inbred line (A3) with a source different from that of the corn male sterile line (A1) as a maintainer line, namely a second male parent, hybridizing with the second male parent, and generating F1 generation seeds which are single hybrid seeds and serve as a third female parent, wherein the third female parent is male sterile; hybridizing the restoring line (C1) with the third female parent to produce F1 generation seeds as the triple hybrid.
The following describes a method for producing hybrid seeds of three-way corn hybrid by using three-line mating technology.
The method comprises the following steps: the source and seed production of the male fertile corn inbred line (A2) and the corn male sterile line (A1):
sources of male fertile corn inbred line (A2) and corn male sterile line (A1)
1. The breeding process of the male fertile corn inbred line (A2) comprises the following steps: the hybrid rice is bred by hybridizing a male parent frh-2012 of the sixth institute of agricultural science with the self-breeding strain Jingyu Z16 of the unit, selecting strains for continuous selfing, adding generations in Hainan, and selecting superior parents to 2012. Male fertile maize inbred (a2) line spectrum: Z16X frh-2012 → S1 → S2 → S3 → S4 → S5 → S6 → S7.
2. The breeding process of the male sterile line (A1) of the corn comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a corn male sterile line (A1) is found in the breeding process of a male fertile corn self-bred line (A2), the male fertile corn self-bred line (A2) and the corn male sterile line (A1) are backcrossed for multiple generations to obtain the corn male sterile line (A1), the male sterility rate reaches 100%, and the sterile line and the maintainer line are more stable in performance.
3. Through tests, the male fertile corn inbred line (A2) and the corn male sterile line (A1) are from the same inbred line, and have basically the same properties, yellow grain, dent grain type and red axis; the inbred line has the advantages of regular emergence of seedlings, strong growth potential, quick dehydration, high yield and wide multi-resistance adaptability. Area that has been tested: the application ranges of Xinjiang Qitai, five-family canals, Changji, stone river, Tacheng and Yili are wide.
(II) producing seeds of male fertile corn self-bred line (A2) and male sterile line (A1)
1. A male fertile corn inbred line (A2) as a maintainer line, namely a first male parent, and a corn male sterile line (A1) as a first female parent, namely a sterile line; seed production male and female parent row ratio is 1: 5 is suitable. The parent propagation needs to pay attention to the propagation in the region without corn planting within 2500 m square and round. The strict hybrid seed production system ensures that the purity of the male fertile corn inbred line (A2) and the corn male sterile line (A1) reaches the standard. Adopting a precision hill planter on a film, adopting 70 cm wide mulching film, three films and six rows, wide and narrow row cultivation, wide row cultivation and narrow row cultivation, wherein the width of the wide row is 70 cm, the width of the narrow row is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 18.5 cm, and 6500 seedlings are protected per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing to prevent low-temperature rotten seeds and diseases in the seedling stage, ensuring early sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; and (3) reasonably applying the fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is applied for 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer is applied to each mu, water is dropped for 8-10 times in the whole growth period, the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dropping period is 7-10 days.
2. The male fertile corn self-bred line (A2) and the corn male sterile line (A1) are the male maintenance line and the male sterile line of the same line, and the male fertile corn self-bred line (A2) is the first male parent and the corn male sterile line (A1) is the second female parent. In 2016, the corn male sterile line (A1)4910 plants are planted, observed and recorded in a test field of agricultural science research institute of sixth faculty of military science of the production and construction of military consortium in Xinjiang, the male fertile corn inbred line (A2)990 plants are harvested, the weight of a single ear is averagely 95 g, the corn male sterile line (A1) can be harvested in each mu, and the male fertile corn inbred line (A2) is harvested 94.05 kg; the method comprises the following steps of harvesting 4870 strains of a corn male sterile line (A1) per mu, harvesting 960 strains of a male fertile corn self-bred line (A2), wherein the average weight of a single ear is 94 g, 452.91 kg of the corn male sterile line (A1) per mu and 90.24 kg of the male fertile corn self-bred line (A2) per mu through 2017 tests; in the cell of 2018, 4510 corn male sterile lines (A1) are harvested per mu, 890 male fertile corn inbred lines (A2) are harvested, the average weight of a single ear is 97 g, 432.96 kg of corn male sterile lines (A1) can be harvested per mu, and 86.33 kg of male fertile corn inbred lines (A2) are harvested per mu.
Step two: the source and seed production of the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) and the restorer line (C1):
sources of male fertile maize inbred line (A3) and restorer line (C1)
1. The breeding process of the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) comprises the following steps: the hybrid rice is bred in 2016 by hybridizing a male parent xjz-2015 of the sixth institute of agricultural science with the self-breeding strain Jingyu Zh-15 of the unit through plant selection and continuous selfing, and adding generations in Hainan. Male fertile maize inbred (a3) line spectrum: ZH-15 × xjz-2015 → S1 → S2 → S3 → S4 → S5 → S6 → S7. The male fertile corn inbred line (A3) has yellow and red axis; the inbred line (A3) has the advantages of regular emergence of seedlings, strong growth potential, grain type and half horse teeth, quick dehydration, high yield, wide multi-resistance adaptability and tested area: the application ranges of Xinjiang Qitai, five-family canals, Changji, stone river, Tacheng and Yili are wide.
2. The breeding process of the restorer line (C1) comprises the following steps: the hybrid rice is bred by hybridizing a male parent xjz-2011 of the sixth institute of agricultural science with the self-breeding strain Jingyu Zh-17 of the unit, selecting plants for continuous selfing, adding generations in Hainan, and preferably selecting and being superior to 2015. Restorer (C1) pedigree: ZH-17X xjz-2011 → S1 → S2 → S3 → S4 → S5 → S6 → S7. Restorer line (C1), yellow, red axis, and horse teeth; through tests, the restorer line (C1) has strong growth potential and wide multi-resistance adaptability, and the tested areas are as follows: the application ranges of Xinjiang Qitai, five-family canals, Changji, stone river, Tacheng and Yili are wide.
(II) seed production of male fertile corn self-bred line (A3) and restoring line (C1)
1. Seed production of male fertile corn inbred line (A3)
A precision film hill planter is adopted in a planting mode, a 70-centimeter wide mulching film, three films and six rows are adopted according to the requirements of harvesting by the hill planter, wide and narrow row cultivation is carried out, the width of each row is 70 centimeters, the width of each row is 40 centimeters, the plant spacing is 17.5 centimeters, and 7000 plants are protected per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing to prevent low-temperature seed rot and diseases in seedling stage, ensuring early sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃ and the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; and (3) fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days. The propagation of the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) adopts two nursery plants, which not only maintains the purity of the parent, but also ensures that the parent does not degenerate; strict hybrid seed production system ensures that the purity of the hybrid seeds reaches the standard; the propagation needs to be carried out in the region without corn planting within 2500 m square and round. Through tests, the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) is cultivated, observed and recorded in a test field of the sixth agricultural science research institute of the Ministry of the production and construction of the military in Xinjiang in 2016 years, 6410 male fertile corn inbred lines (A3) are harvested per mu, the weight of a single ear is 75 g on average, and the yield per mu of the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) is 480.75 kg; the method comprises the following steps of harvesting 6370 male fertile corn inbred line (A3) plants per mu through 2017 test, wherein the average weight of a single ear is 76 g, and the yield per mu of the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) is 484.12 kg; 6550 male fertile corn inbred lines (A3) are harvested in 2018 cells per mu, the weight of each ear is 75 g on average, and the yield of the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) per mu is 491.25 kg.
2. Seed production of restorer line (C1)
A precision hill planter on a film is adopted, a mulching film with the width of 70 cm is used, three films and six rows are used, wide and narrow rows are used for cultivation, the width of each row is 70 cm, the width of each row is 40 cm, the row spacing is 18.5 cm, and 6500 seedlings are protected per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days; the propagation of the restorer line (C1) adopts two nursery plants, and the propagation needs to be carried out in the region without corn planting in 2500 m square and round. The restorer line (C1) is planted, observed and recorded in a test field of agricultural science research institute of sixth college of agriculture and science of Xinjiang in 2016, 5950 restorer line (C1) plants are harvested per mu, the average weight of a single spike is 85 g, and the yield per mu is 505.75 kg; the test in 2017 shows that 5870 restorer lines (C1) are harvested per mu, the weight of each ear is 82 g on average, and the yield per mu is 481.34 kg.
Step three: the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) is taken as a second male parent, and the male sterile line (A1) is taken as a second female parent for hybridization to generate F1 generation single hybrid, and the male sterility rate of the F1 generation single hybrid reaches 100 percent. F1 generation single cross breeding:
the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) is used as a maintainer line, namely a second male parent, the corn male sterile line (A1) is used as a second female parent, namely a sterile line, the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) is hybridized with the corn male sterile line (A1), the F1 generation single hybrid is generated, the male-female line row ratio of seed production is 1: 5. in the hybrid seed production, attention is paid to the region without corn planting within 2500 m square and round. The strict hybrid seed production system ensures that the purity of the generated F1 generation single cross hybrid reaches the standard. A sowing mode: a precision hill planter on a film is adopted, 70 cm wide mulching film, three films and six rows are adopted according to the harvesting requirement of the hill planter, wide rows and narrow rows are cultivated, the width rows are 70 cm, the width rows are 40 cm, the plant spacing is 18.5 cm, and 6500 plants are protected per mu. And removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre in land preparation. Seed coating: and (3) coating by using a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing to prevent low-temperature seed rot and diseases in a seedling stage and ensure early sowing. Sowing in advance: and (3) starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, sowing the male parent and the female parent at the same time, sowing the male parent at the second period 4 days after the sowing of the male parent at the first period, and sowing the male parent at the second period to a depth of 4-5 cm. And (4) reasonably applying fertilizers, wherein the fertilizers are applied for 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, and 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer is applied per mu. Dripping water for 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days. Early cutting of male parent: and (4) timely cutting off the male parent within ten days after pollination is finished so as to enhance the ventilation and light transmission capability and exert the advantages of the side row. Timely mechanical harvesting: when the bracts of the ears are dry and yellow, the seeds lose water and become bright, and then the self-propelled corn harvester can be used for harvesting. And (4) drying the fruit cluster in the air until the moisture content is within 20%, threshing the fruit cluster after the fruit cluster is qualified (otherwise, the breaking rate is high), and warehousing the fruit cluster when the fruit cluster is dried until the moisture content is 13%.
Through experiments, the male fertile corn inbred line (A3) is taken as a male parent and is hybridized with the corn male sterile line (A1), and the male sterility rate of the generated F1 generation single hybrid reaches 100%. Through tests, in 2016 years, the strain is planted, observed and recorded in a test field of agricultural science research institute of sixth faculty of military science of Xinjiang production and construction of the strain, 4895 single hybrid strains of F1 generations are harvested per mu, the weight of each spike is average 94 g, and the yield per mu of the single hybrid strains of F1 generations is 460.3 kg; after 2017 tests, 4820 single-cross hybrid strains of the F1 generation are harvested per mu, the average weight of the single spike is 95 g, and the yield per mu of the single-cross hybrid strains of the F1 generation is 457.9 kg; 4980 single-cross seeds of the F1 generation are harvested per mu in 2018, the average weight of the single panicle is 96 g, and the yield per mu of the single-cross seeds of the F1 generation is 478.08 kg.
Step four: the restorer line (C1) is used as a third male parent, the F1 generation single cross hybrid is used as a third female parent for hybridization, and the produced F1 generation seeds are the three-cross hybrid (production seeds). F1 generation seeds are three-way cross (production seeds):
and (3) hybridizing by using a restoring line (C1) as a third male parent and using an F1 generation single hybrid as a third female parent, wherein the row ratio of the male parent to the female parent of seed production is 1: 5. in the hybrid seed production, attention is paid to the region without corn planting within 2500 m square and round. The strict hybrid seed production system ensures that the purity of the F1 generation seeds, namely the triple hybrid, reaches the standard. A sowing mode: a precision hill planter on a film is adopted, a 70 cm wide mulching film, three films and six rows are adopted according to the harvesting requirement of the hill planter, wide and narrow row cultivation is carried out, the wide row is 70 cm, the narrow row is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 17.5 cm, and 7000 plants are protected per mu. And removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre in land preparation. The method selects the previous stubble (green manure stubble or other good stubble applying organic matters), has deep and fertile soil layer, soil organic matter content of more than 1.2 percent, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of more than or equal to 50 mg per kg, quick-acting phosphorus of more than or equal to 12 mg per kg and soil salt content of less than 0.2 percent. The land ploughing depth is more than 25 cm, the ploughing depth is consistent, and the upturned soil is turned uniformly; the straw is returned to the field and the green and fertile land is cut and buried well; and applying 2000-3000 kg of high-quality manure on the base before turning over the non-green manure land. Seed coating: and (3) coating by using a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing to prevent low-temperature seed rot and diseases in the seedling stage and ensure early sowing. Sowing: and (3) starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, sowing the male parent and the female parent at the same time, sowing the male parent at the second period 4 days after the sowing of the male parent at the first period, and sowing the male parent at the second period to a depth of 4-5 cm. Strictly fixing seedlings and removing impurities: when three leaves are used for one heart and 5 leaves are used for one heart, according to the designed density, the female parent removes big and small seedlings and uniformly retains the seedlings so as to ensure balanced growth, be beneficial to consistent seed maturity and improve the seed quality; the male parent keeps big and small seedlings, and the over-vigorous seedlings, the over-weak seedlings and the abnormal seedlings are removed twice from the node pulling to the castration in the final singling. And (3) reasonably applying fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is applied for 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, 75-85 kilograms of special corn fertilizer is applied to each mu, water is dropped for 8-10 times in the whole growth period, the water consumption is 420-480 cubic meters, and the water dropping period is 7-10 days. Early cutting of male parent: and the male parent is cut off in time within ten days after pollination so as to enhance the ventilation and light transmission capability and exert the advantages of both sides and rows. Timely mechanical harvesting: when the bracts of the ears are dry and yellow, the seeds lose water and become bright, and then the self-propelled corn harvester can be used for harvesting. And (4) drying the fruit cluster in the air until the moisture content is within 20%, threshing the fruit cluster after the fruit cluster is qualified (otherwise, the breaking rate is high), and warehousing the fruit cluster when the fruit cluster is dried until the moisture content is 13%. As the F1 generation is used as the single cross species as the third female parent, the growth potential is stronger, the multi-resistance adaptability is wide, the yield is high, and the test: the strain is planted, observed and recorded in a test field of the institute of agricultural science and research of the sixth faculty of the Ministry of military science and technology in Xinjiang in 2016, F1-generation three-way hybrids are harvested per mu, the weight of a single ear is averagely 125 g, and the yield of the F1-generation three-way hybrids per mu is 695 kg; 5640F 1 generation three-way cross hybrid strains are harvested per mu in 2017, the average weight of a single spike is 126 g, and the yield per mu of the F1 generation three-way cross hybrid strains is 716.28 kg; 5580 plants of the three-way hybrid of the F1 generation are harvested per mu in 2018, the average weight of the single spike is 130 g, and the yield per mu of the three-way hybrid of the F1 generation is 725.4 kg.
Example 1:
in the test field of the sixth department of agricultural sciences in 2018, a restorer line (C1) is used as a male parent, and an F1 generation single hybrid is used as a third female parent for hybrid seed production, compared with the new jade No. 18 seed production. The precision hill planter is equally adopted, 70 cm wide mulching films, three films and six rows are adopted according to the harvesting requirements of the hill planter, the cultivation is carried out on wide rows and narrow rows, the wide rows are 70 cm, the narrow rows are 40 cm, the plant spacing is 17 cm, and 7000 seedlings are protected per mu. Parent row ratio 1: and 5, seed production. Under the same water and fertilizer management conditions, 5580 strains of the three-way hybrid of the F1 generation are harvested per mu, the average weight of a single ear is 130 g, and the yield per mu of the three-way hybrid of the F1 generation is 725.4 kg. F1 generations of single hybrid 5685 New Zeya No. 18 are harvested in each plot, the average weight of each spike is 92 g, and the yield of each single hybrid of New Zeya No. 18 is 523.02 kg. And (3) test results: the seed production yield of the F1 generation triple hybrid is 202.38 kilograms per mu higher than that of the Xinyu No. 18 single hybrid; the purity of the F1 generation triple hybrid reaches 98.2 percent, the purity of the Xinyu No. 18 single hybrid reaches 96.1 percent, and the purity of the Xinyu No. 18 single hybrid is 2.1 percent higher than that of the Xinyu No. 18 single hybrid; saving the male drawing cost by 200 yuan per mu.
Example 2:
in 2018, the soil conditions of two corn seed production fields in a sixth military household farm are basically the same, F1 generations of three-way hybrid 100 mu and new jade 18 number single-way hybrid 100 mu are propagated respectively, a precision film hill planter is adopted in the cultivation mode, a 70-centimeter wide mulching film, three films and six rows are adopted, wide and narrow row cultivation is adopted, a wide row is 70 centimeters, a narrow row is 40 centimeters, the plant spacing is 17 centimeters, and 7000 seedlings are protected per mu. Parent row ratio 1: and 5, seed production. Under the condition of equal water and fertilizer management, using a restorer line (C1) as a male parent and using F1 generation single cross hybrid as a female parent to carry out hybrid seed production for 100 mu, and producing 77500 kg of F1 generation triple cross hybrid; producing 51000 kilograms of Xinyu No. 18 single cross hybrid seeds from 100 mu of Xinyu No. 18 seed production fields; the total yield of the F1 generation three hybrid is 26500 kg higher than that of the Xinyu No. 18 single hybrid; through identification, the purity of the triple hybrid is 97.3 percent, the purity of the Xinyu 18 is 96.2 percent, the purity of the F1 generation triple hybrid is 1.1 percent higher than that of the Xinyu 18 single hybrid, and the emasculation cost is 20000 yuan saved in the seed production process of the F1 generation triple hybrid in 100 mu land.
Claims (6)
1. A method for carrying out corn three-way cross breeding and seed production by utilizing a three-line mating technology is characterized in that:
taking a corn male sterile line A1 as a first female parent, taking a male fertile corn inbred line A2 which is sourced from the same line as the corn male sterile line A1 as a maintainer line, namely a first male parent, taking a progeny generated by the first female parent and the first male parent as a second female parent or A1, namely a first male parent of an A2 male maintainer line, multiplied by the first female parent of an A1 male sterile line → an A1 male sterile line as a second female parent, wherein the second female parent is a male sterile line;
taking a male fertile corn inbred line A3 with a source different from that of the corn male sterile line A1 as a maintainer line, namely a second male parent, hybridizing the second female parent and the second male parent, and generating F1 generation seeds which are single hybrid seeds and serve as a third female parent, wherein the third female parent is male sterile;
hybridizing a restoring line C1 with the third female parent to generate F1 generation seeds, namely the three-way cross seeds;
the method comprises the following steps of:
step 1: seed production of a male fertile corn inbred line A2 and a corn male sterile line A1; the male fertile corn inbred line A2 is used as a maintainer line, namely a first male parent, and the corn male sterile line A1 is used as a first female parent, namely a sterile line; the seed production time row ratio of the male parent and the female parent is 1: 5; adopting a precision hill planter on a film, adopting a 70 cm wide mulching film, three films and six rows, cultivating in wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide rows are 70 cm, the narrow rows are 40 cm, the plant spacing is 18.5 cm, and keeping 6500 seedlings per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days; harvesting respectively in the harvesting process, wherein the harvested male fertile corn inbred line A2 is used as a first male parent, and the harvested corn male sterile line A1 is used as a second female parent;
step 2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) seed production of a male fertile corn inbred line A3 and seed production of a restorer line C1;
the seed production of the male fertile corn inbred line A3 specifically comprises the following steps:
a precision hill planter on a film is adopted, 70 cm wide mulching film is used, three films and six rows are used, wide and narrow row cultivation is carried out, the wide row is 70 cm, the narrow row is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 17.5 cm, and 7000 seedlings are protected per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days; the propagation of the male fertile corn inbred line A3 adopts two nursery plants, and the propagation needs to be carried out in a region without corn planting in 2500 m square and round;
the seed production of the restorer line C1 specifically comprises the following steps: a precision hill planter on a film is adopted, 70 cm wide mulching film is used, three films and six rows are used, wide and narrow rows are used for cultivation, the wide rows are 70 cm, the narrow rows are 40 cm, the plant spacing is 18.5 cm, and 6500 seedlings are kept per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days; the propagation of the restorer line C1 adopts two nursery gardens, and the propagation needs to be carried out in the region with 2500 m square and round but no corn planting;
and step 3: f1 generation single cross seed production;
taking a male fertile corn inbred line A3 as a maintainer line, namely a second male parent, taking a corn male sterile line A1 as a second female parent, namely a sterile line, wherein the male-female line row ratio is 1: 5; a precision hill planter on a film is adopted, 70 cm wide mulching film is adopted, three films and six rows are adopted, wide and narrow rows are adopted for cultivation, the wide rows are 70 cm, the narrow rows are 40 cm, the plant spacing is 18.5 cm, and 6500 seedlings are kept per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 70-75 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, wherein the water consumption is 380-420 cubic meters, and the dripping period is 7-10 days;
and 4, step 4: f1 generation three-way cross breeding;
and (3) hybridizing by using a restorer line C1 as a third male parent and a F1 generation single hybrid as a third female parent, wherein the row ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 5; adopting a precision hill planter on a film, adopting 70 cm wide mulching film, three films and six rows, cultivating in wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide rows are 70 cm, the narrow rows are 40 cm, the plant spacing is 17.5 cm, and 7000 seedlings are protected per mu; removing 100-120 g of acetochlor in each acre during land preparation; coating with a special seed coating agent 10-15 days before sowing, and starting sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes 8 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is 4-5 cm; fertilizing 4-5 times along with water in the whole growth period, using 75-85 kilograms of special corn fertilizer per mu, dripping 8-10 times in the whole growth period, controlling the water consumption at 420-480 cubic meters, and harvesting in good time in a dripping period of 7-10 days.
2. The method for the hybrid breeding and seed production of the corn triple hybrid by using the triple line mating technology as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 3, the second male parent is divided into two batches: the first batch of second male parents and the second batch of second male parents are sown at the same time, and the second batch of second male parents are sown 4 days after the first batch of second male parents are sown.
3. The method for carrying out corn three-way cross breeding and seed production by using the three-line mating technology as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 4, the third male parent is divided into two batches: the first batch of third male parents and the third female parents are sown at the same time, and the second batch of third male parents are sown 4 days after the first batch of third male parents are sown.
4. The method for the hybrid breeding and seed production of the corn triple hybrid by using the triple line mating technology as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step 4, the previous stubble is good, the soil layer is deep and fertile, the content of soil organic matters is more than 1.2%, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is more than or equal to 50 mg per kilogram, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 12 mg per kilogram, and the salt content of the soil is less than 0.2%; the land ploughing depth is more than 25 cm, the ploughing depth is consistent, and the upturned soil is ploughed uniformly; the straw is returned to the field and the green and fertile land is cut and buried well; applying 2000-3000 kg of high-quality manure on the base before ploughing the non-green manure land; the excellent previous stubble is green manure stubble or good stubble applying organic matters.
5. The method for the hybrid breeding and seed production of the corn triple hybrid by using the triple line mating technology as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the step 4 also comprises strict steps of final singling and impurity removal: when the corn seedlings have three leaves and one heart, the third female parent is subjected to large and small seedling removal according to the designed density, seedlings are uniformly remained, the uniform maturity of the seeds is facilitated, and the quality of the seeds is improved; and (3) reserving large and small seedlings for the third male parent, and removing over-vigorous seedlings, over-weakened seedlings and abnormal seedlings twice after jointing and before castration during final singling.
6. The method for the hybrid breeding and seed production of the corn triple hybrid by using the triple line mating technology as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step 3, the second male parent is cut off timely within ten days after the pollination of the second male parent and the second female parent is finished; in the step 4, the third male parent is cut off in time within ten days after the pollination of the third male parent and the third female parent is finished.
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| CN107593423A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-19 | 辽宁省农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of new method using male sterility quick breeding Maize Combination |
| CN108401899A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-08-17 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south |
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| CN101406137A (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2009-04-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cytoplasmic male sterility production method of fresh corn silk |
| CN107593423A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-19 | 辽宁省农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of new method using male sterility quick breeding Maize Combination |
| CN108401899A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-08-17 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of producing method for seed of the tropical blood relationship Sweet corn variety in south |
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