CN105028174B - A kind of cross breeding method of high-yield corn - Google Patents
A kind of cross breeding method of high-yield corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN105028174B CN105028174B CN201510259152.8A CN201510259152A CN105028174B CN 105028174 B CN105028174 B CN 105028174B CN 201510259152 A CN201510259152 A CN 201510259152A CN 105028174 B CN105028174 B CN 105028174B
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008775 paternal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cross breeding method of high-yield corn, including：Step one, corn male parent and the first female parent are hybridized, obtained first familiar generation seed；Step 2, under the conditions of selection growth, form second cycle line colony using the selfing of F1 generation seed, one plant of selection has the special strain of screening proterties, this is specifically involved in a criminal case the generation of continuous selfing 8, cultivates into self-mating system maternal as second；Wherein, selection growth condition includes：Three treatment are carried out to milpa, it is per treatment to continue for some time, process for the first time：Seed is sowed under the conditions of low potassium, second treatment：Whne milpa it is long to seven leaf phases when, continue 10~15 days to watering pours water in corn-growing regions, third time process：The watering pours water again in milk stage is to corn-growing regions；Step 3, obtain new F1 generation seed, as high-yield corn seed with corn paternal hybrid using corn second is maternal.Selfed seed of the present invention and cenospecies are high to the utilization ratio of potassium, and yield is high, resistance to waterlogging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cross breeding method of high-yield corn.
Background
Corn has a large sowing area in China and is widely distributed, and is one of the main grains of people in northern and southwest mountainous areas of China and other dry valley areas. The harvest of corn is a great problem related to the grain safety and social stability. The generation of Shandong and Henan continues to appear continuous heavy rainstorm for several years, which causes the corn to be greatly lodged in the milk stage and seriously reduces the yield. In addition, due to the rising price of the potash fertilizer in recent years, many farmers apply less or no potash fertilizer in the corn planting process, and the waterlogging resistance of the corn is reduced and the yield is reduced. Therefore, the cultivation of corn varieties with high potassium yield, high efficiency and waterlogging resistance is one of the important ways for solving the problems of food safety, resources and environment in China in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
The invention also aims to provide a cross breeding method of high-yield corn, the second female parent of the corn and the hybrid seed obtained by screening the second female parent of the corn under the conditions of low potassium and waterlogging have high potassium absorption effect and are resistant to the waterlogging, and the prepared corn seed has high yield and strong resistance to severe environment.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a hybrid corn seed which produces plants with greatly improved potassium utilization efficiency, high yield, and resistance to flooding.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a cross breeding method of high-yield corn comprises the following steps:
step one, hybridizing a corn male parent and a corn first female parent to obtain hybrid combination F1 generation seeds;
step two, under the condition of screening planting, selfing the F1 generation seeds in the step one to form a second loop line group, selecting a specific strain with screening properties from the group, and continuously selfing the specific strain for 8 generations to cultivate a selfing line as a second female parent of the corn;
wherein,
the screening planting conditions comprise: during the growth cycle of maize, three treatments were performed on maize plants, each treatment lasting for a period of time, the first treatment: sowing seeds under low potassium condition, and carrying out secondary treatment: when the corn plants grow to the seven-leaf stage, watering water in the corn planting area until the water level is 1-5 cm higher than the ground for 10-15 days, and treating for the third time: watering the corn planting area again in the milk stage until the water level is 5-8 cm higher than the ground;
the screening traits include any three of the following traits:
and (3) corn kernel color: yellow;
plant height: 150-180 cm;
and (3) ear: the ear rows are 10-18 rows, the thousand-grain weight is 360g, and the compactness is good;
plant type: the included angle between the stem and the upper leaf of the upper ear of the plant is less than 23-28 degrees;
the ear position is low: 40-60 cm;
and step three, hybridizing the second corn female parent and the corn male parent obtained in the step two to obtain new F1 generation seeds, namely the high-yield corn seeds.
Preferably, in the cross breeding method of the high-yield corn, before sowing, base fertilizers are applied to a corn planting area: nitrogen fertilizer 100kg N/hm2100kg of P2O5/hm2And potash fertilizer 10kg K2O/hm2The first treatment is performed under conditions that result in low potassium.
Preferably, in the method for cross breeding of high-yield corn, in the second treatment, when the corn plants grow to the seven-leaf stage, water is poured into the corn planting area until the water level is 3cm higher than the ground for 12 days.
Preferably, in the method for cross breeding of high-yield corn, the third treatment lasts for 2-3 days.
Preferably, in the method for cross breeding of high-yield corn, water is poured into the corn planting area again in the milk stage until the water level is 6cm higher than the ground in the third treatment.
Preferably, in the method for cross breeding of the high-yield corn, in the third step, the second female parent of the corn is sown firstly, then the corn male parent of 3/5 is sown at intervals of 3-4 days, then the corn male parent of 1/5 is sown at intervals of 3-4 days, and finally the corn male parent of 1/5 is sown at intervals of 3-4 days.
Preferably, in the method for cross breeding of high-yield corn, in the step one, the corn male parent and the corn first female parent are crossed under the screening planting condition.
Preferably, in the cross breeding method of the high-yield corn, the corn male parent is Xiandao 335, and the corn female parent is Nongda 108.
A hybrid corn seed bred by any one of the methods.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the second female parent of the corn is screened under the conditions of low potassium and waterlogging, the obtained second female parent of the corn and the hybrid seed have high potassium absorption effect and are resistant to the waterlogging, and the prepared corn seed has high yield and strong resistance to severe environment. The plant grown by the seeds has greatly improved utilization efficiency of potassium, high yield and water logging resistance. The method provided by the invention is beneficial to improving the breeding efficiency of the new high-efficiency potassium corn variety, and has a wide application prospect in the field of corn breeding.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
The invention provides a cross breeding method of high-yield corn, which comprises the following steps:
step one, hybridizing a corn male parent and a corn first female parent to obtain hybrid combination F1 generation seeds;
step two, under the condition of screening planting, selfing the F1 generation seeds in the step one to form a second loop line group, selecting a specific strain with screening characters from the group, and continuously selfing the specific strain for 8 generations to cultivate a selfing line as a second female parent of the corn;
wherein,
the screening planting conditions comprise: during the growth cycle of maize, three treatments were performed on maize plants, each treatment lasting for a period of time, the first treatment: sowing seeds under low potassium condition, and carrying out secondary treatment: when the corn plants grow to the seven-leaf stage, watering water in the corn planting area until the water level is 1-5 cm higher than the ground for 10-15 days, and treating for the third time: watering the corn planting area again in the milk stage until the water level is 5-8 cm higher than the ground;
the screening traits include any three of the following traits:
and (3) corn kernel color: yellow;
plant height: 150-180 cm;
and (3) ear: the ear rows are 10-18 rows, the thousand-grain weight is 360g, and the compactness is good;
plant type: the included angle between the stem and the upper leaf of the upper ear of the plant is less than 23-28 degrees;
the ear position is low: 40-60 cm;
and step three, hybridizing the second corn female parent and the corn male parent obtained in the step two to obtain new F1 generation seeds, namely the high-yield corn seeds.
According to the invention, the second female parent of the corn is screened under the conditions of low potassium and waterlogging, the obtained second female parent of the corn and the hybrid seed have high potassium absorption effect and are resistant to the waterlogging, and the prepared corn seed has high yield and strong resistance to severe environment. The plant grown by the seeds has greatly improved utilization efficiency of potassium, high yield and water logging resistance. The method provided by the invention is beneficial to improving the breeding efficiency of the new high-efficiency potassium corn variety, and has a wide application prospect in the field of corn breeding.
In the scheme, before sowing, base fertilizer is applied to a corn planting area: nitrogen fertilizer 100kg N/hm2Phosphate fertilizer 100kgP2O5/hm2And potash fertilizer 10kg K2O/hm2The first treatment is performed under conditions that result in low potassium.
Preferably, in the second treatment, when the corn plants grow to the seven-leaf stage, water is poured into the corn planting area until the water level is 3cm higher than the ground for 12 days.
Preferably, the third treatment lasts for 2-3 days.
Preferably, in the third treatment, water is poured into the corn planting area again in the milk stage until the water level is 6cm higher than the ground.
Preferably, in the third step, the second female parent of the corn is sown firstly, then the 3/5 male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 3-4 days, then the 1/5 male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 3-4 days, and finally the 1/5 male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 3-4 days.
Preferably, in step one, the corn male parent and the corn first female parent are crossed under the screening planting condition.
Preferably, the corn male parent is Xieyu 335, and the corn female parent is nongda 108.
A hybrid corn seed bred by any one of the methods.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cross breeding method of high-yield corn comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing a corn male parent Yu 335 and a corn first female parent Fangda 108 to obtain hybrid combination F1 generation seeds;
(2) before F1 generation seeds are sown, base fertilizers are applied to a corn planting area: nitrogen fertilizer 100kg N/hm2Phosphate fertilizer 100kgP2O5/hm2And potash fertilizer 10kg K2O/hm2To form low potassium condition, and then sowing seeds of F1 generation. F1 generation seeds are selfed to form a second loop line group, when the corn plants grow to the seven-leaf stage, water is poured into the corn planting area until the water level is 1cm higher than the ground for 15 days, water is poured into the corn planting area again until the water level is 5cm higher than the ground in the milk stage, and the third treatment lasts for 3 days; during the growth of corn, observing the shape of each plant, selecting a specific strain with screening properties from the group, and harvesting seeds F2 of the specific strain, wherein the screening properties comprise any three of the following properties:
and (3) corn kernel color: yellow;
plant height: 180 cm;
and (3) ear: the row number of the ears is 18, the thousand grain weight is 360g, and the compactness is good;
plant type: the included angle between the stem and the upper leaf of the upper ear of the plant is less than 28 degrees;
the ear position is low: 60 cm;
(3) under the condition of screening planting, the seeds F2 of the specific strain are continuously selfed for 8 generations, so that the screening shape is stabilized to form a genetically stable strain line as a second female parent of the corn;
(4) and hybridizing the second female parent and the corn male parent firstly with jade 335 to obtain a new F1 generation hybrid seed, namely the high-yield corn seed. The specific sowing time in the hybridization process is as follows: the second female parent of the corn is sown firstly, then the male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 3/5 every 4 days, then the male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 1/5 every 4 days, and finally the male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 1/5 every 4 days. Thus, all the second corn female parents can be guaranteed to have the proper pollen of the corn male parents for hybridization, and high-yield corn seeds with the best characters can be obtained.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the method for cross breeding of high-yield maize comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing a corn male parent Yu 335 and a corn first female parent Fangda 108 to obtain hybrid combination F1 generation seeds;
(2) before F1 generation seeds are sown, base fertilizers are applied to a corn planting area: nitrogen fertilizer 100kg N/hm2Phosphate fertilizer 100kgP2O5/hm2And potash fertilizer 10kg K2O/hm2To form low potassium condition, and then sowing seeds of F1 generation. F1 generation seeds are selfed to form a second loop line group, when the corn plants grow to the seven-leaf stage, water is poured into the corn planting area until the water level is 3cm higher than the ground for 12 days, water is poured into the corn planting area again until the water level is 6cm higher than the ground in the milk stage, and the third treatment lasts for 2.5 days; during the growth of corn, observing the shape of each plant, selecting a specific strain with screening characters from the group, and harvesting seeds F2 of the specific strain, wherein the specific strain has the following screening characters:
and (3) corn kernel color: yellow;
plant height: 165 cm;
and (3) ear: the number of rows of ears is 14, the thousand kernel weight is 360g, and the compactness is good;
plant type: the included angle between the stem and the upper leaf of the upper ear of the plant is less than 25 degrees;
the ear position is low: 50 cm;
(3) under the condition of screening planting, the seeds F2 of the specific strain are continuously selfed for 8 generations, so that the screening shape is stabilized to form a genetically stable strain line as a second female parent of the corn;
(4) and hybridizing the second female parent and the corn male parent firstly with jade 335 to obtain a new F1 generation hybrid seed, namely the high-yield corn seed. The specific sowing time in the hybridization process is as follows: the second female parent of the corn is sown firstly, then the male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 3/5 days, then the male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 1/5 days, and finally the male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 1/5 days. Thus, all the second corn female parents can be guaranteed to have the proper pollen of the corn male parents for hybridization, and high-yield corn seeds with the best characters can be obtained.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the method for cross breeding of high-yield maize comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing a corn male parent Yu 335 and a corn first female parent Fangda 108 to obtain hybrid combination F1 generation seeds;
(2) before F1 generation seeds are sown, base fertilizers are applied to a corn planting area: nitrogen fertilizer 100kg N/hm2Phosphate fertilizer 100kgP2O5/hm2And potash fertilizer 10kg K2O/hm2To form low potassium condition, and then sowing seeds of F1 generation. F1 generation seeds are selfed to form a second loop line group, when the corn plants grow to the seven-leaf stage, water is poured into the corn planting area until the water level is 5cm higher than the ground for 10 days, water is poured into the corn planting area again until the water level is 8cm higher than the ground in the milk stage, and the third treatment lasts for 2 days; during the growth of corn, observing the shape of each plant, selecting a specific strain with screening characters from the group, and harvesting seeds F2 of the specific strain, wherein the specific strain has the following screening characters:
and (3) corn kernel color: yellow;
plant height: 150 cm;
and (3) ear: the row number of the ears is 10, the thousand grain weight is 360g, and the compactness is good;
plant type: the included angle between the stem and the upper leaf of the upper ear of the plant is less than 23 degrees;
the ear position is low: 40 cm;
(3) under the condition of screening planting, the seeds F2 of the specific strain are continuously selfed for 8 generations, so that the screening shape is stabilized to form a genetically stable strain line as a second female parent of the corn;
(4) and hybridizing the second female parent and the corn male parent firstly with jade 335 to obtain a new F1 generation hybrid seed, namely the high-yield corn seed. The specific sowing time in the hybridization process is as follows: the second female parent of the corn is sown firstly, then the male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 3/5 every 4 days, then the male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 1/5 every 4 days, and finally the male parent of the corn is sown at intervals of 1/5 every 4 days. Thus, all the second corn female parents can be guaranteed to have the proper pollen of the corn male parents for hybridization, and high-yield corn seeds with the best characters can be obtained.
As described above, according to the invention, the second female parent of the corn with excellent shape is screened by planting conditions such as low potassium and waterlogging, so that the hybridized corn seed has high yield and waterlogging resistance in production, can efficiently utilize potassium, reduces agricultural production cost and improves the yield and quality of the corn.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A cross breeding method of high-yield corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, hybridizing a corn male parent and a corn first female parent to obtain hybrid combination F1 generation seeds;
step two, under the condition of screening planting, selfing the F1 generation seeds in the step one to form a second loop line group, selecting a specific strain with screening characters from the group, and continuously selfing the specific strain for 8 generations to cultivate a selfing line as a second female parent of the corn;
wherein,
the screening planting conditions comprise: during the growth cycle of maize, three treatments were performed on maize plants, each treatment lasting for a period of time, the first treatment: sowing seeds under low potassium condition, and carrying out secondary treatment: when the corn plants grow to the seven-leaf stage, watering water in the corn planting area until the water level is 1-5 cm higher than the ground for 10-15 days, and treating for the third time: watering the corn planting area again in the milk stage until the water level is 5-8 cm higher than the ground;
the screening traits include any three of the following traits:
and (3) corn kernel color: yellow;
plant height: 150-180 cm;
and (3) ear: the ear rows are 10-18 rows, the thousand-grain weight is 360g, and the compactness is good;
plant type: the included angle between the stem and the upper leaf of the upper ear of the plant is less than 23-28 degrees;
the ear position is low: 40-60 cm;
step three, hybridizing the second corn female parent and the corn male parent obtained in the step two to obtain new F1 generation seeds, namely high-yield corn seeds;
the corn male parent is Xian Yu 335, and the corn first female parent is nong Da 108;
before sowing, applying base fertilizer in a corn planting area: nitrogen fertilizer 100kg N/hm2100kg of P2O5/hm2And potash fertilizer 10kgK2O/hm2The first treatment is performed under conditions that result in low potassium.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second treatment is carried out by watering the corn growing area until the corn plants grow to the seven-leaf stage, until the water level is 3cm above the ground for 12 days.
3. A method of cross breeding high yielding corn as claimed in claim 1 wherein the third treatment lasts for 2-3 days.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the third step of watering the corn-growing area again at the stage of milk maturity is carried out until the water level is 6cm above the ground.
5. The method for crossbreeding high-yield corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the second female parent of corn is sown firstly, then the male parent of corn is sown at 3/5 at intervals of 3-4 days, then the male parent of corn is sown at 1/5 at intervals of 3-4 days, and finally the male parent of corn is sown at 1/5 at intervals of 3-4 days.
6. A method of cross-breeding high yielding corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step one, the corn male parent and the corn first female parent are crossed under the screening planting condition.
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| CN109042312A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2018-12-21 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of corn cross breeding method |
| CN116569831B (en) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-12-26 | 宿迁中江种业有限公司 | Breeding method of heat-resistant high-yield soybean variety |
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| CN102090323A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-06-15 | 山东冠丰种业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding high-yield maize hybrid |
| CN102577926A (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2012-07-18 | 唐祈林 | Method for breeding novel waterlogging-tolerant maize variety by using special waterlogging tolerance of teosinte |
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