CN113455382A - Screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts - Google Patents
Screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/021—Methods of breeding using interspecific crosses, i.e. interspecies crosses
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- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention provides a screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts, belonging to the technical field of new peanut variety cultivation, wherein the salt-tolerant peanuts are used as female parents, and the high-oleic-acid peanuts are used as male parents for hybridization; f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed; the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant; selecting single plant seeds with oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 50-75 percent as F3 generations, and screening the single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75 percent for selection; and (3) planting the single plant with the oleic acid content of 75 percent in saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 0.4-0.5 percent, continuing to grow plants according to the single plant species, and performing salt-tolerant screening. The implementation of the invention has important significance for effectively utilizing saline-alkali soil, producing peanuts with high quality, strong health-care function and long shelf life and solving the problems of dependence on import of edible oil, safety of the edible oil and the like in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new peanut variety cultivation, and particularly relates to a screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts.
Background
Grease safety is a significant civil problem concerning economic development in China. The contradiction between the supply and the demand of edible oil in China is very prominent, the dependence on the international market is very high, the self-sufficiency rate is only 30 percent, and 70 percent of edible oil needs to be imported. In oil crops, peanuts represent 46.8% of the total production, with 50% being used as process oil. Increasing the cultivation area of the peanuts is the most effective way for solving the contradiction between the supply and the demand of edible oil in China. However, the increase of the peanut area (on non-saline-alkali land) is limited greatly because the grain safety is also important. The saline-alkali soil in China is wide and has 3-5 hundred million acres. How to develop and utilize the saline-alkali soil for planting peanuts is an important way for solving the contradiction between supply and demand of edible oil.
The main fatty acid in the peanut oil is oleic acid and linoleic acid, the total amount of the oleic acid and the linoleic acid is generally stabilized at 80-85%, and the oleic acid and the linoleic acid show obvious negative correlation. The oleic acid content of common peanut varieties is generally 35-50%, and the oleic acid content of high-oleic-acid peanuts can reach 75-84%. Oleic acid is one of important quality indexes influencing the physical and chemical stability and the nutritional value of the peanut oil, the higher the oleic acid content of the peanut oil is, the better the stability is, the peanut oil is not easy to deteriorate and is beneficial to storage, and the shelf life can be prolonged; meanwhile, the high oleic acid can selectively reduce harmful cholesterol in human blood and keep beneficial cholesterol, thereby slowing down atherosclerosis, effectively preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and the like, and having very important health care function and value. The method has the advantages of cultivating peanut varieties with salt tolerance and high oleic acid, and has important significance in effectively utilizing saline-alkali soil, improving the health-care function of peanuts, prolonging the shelf life of the peanuts, peanut products and peanut oil, relieving the pressure of shortage of edible oil in China, increasing the benefits of farmers, improving the joyful agriculture and rural areas and the like. However, no salt-tolerant high-oil peanut variety screening method exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing salt-resistant peanuts serving as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts serving as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested F2 seeds are planted into plants according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods and more single plants are selected in the harvest period, and F3 generation seeds are harvested independently;
(5) the harvested seeds of the F3 generation are used for detecting the content of fatty acid by using a near infrared instrument, and parents are used as controls;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with oleic acid content of 50-75%, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have oleic acid content of more than 75% through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 50 to 75 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting excellent single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75 percent directly; carrying out near infrared measurement on single plants with oleic acid content of 50-75%, and screening the single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75% for selection; the individual plant with the oleic acid content of 75 percent is a high oleic acid individual plant;
(9) planting selected F4 generation high oleic acid single plant seeds in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.4-0.5%, and continuing to perform salt-tolerant screening according to the plant forming rows of the single plant seeds; according to field observation in the growth period, recording that seedling emergence is regular, seedling shortage is low, plant rows with vigorous growth, upright plant shapes, moderate branch numbers, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are formed in the growth period, combining the plant rows into single plants which are mature, have multiple selected results and regular and consistent pod fruits, and mixing the single plants which are neutral in the same plant row and have consistent expression to form a salt-tolerant high-oleic acid plant system; eliminates the plant rows with poor salt tolerance and low yield caused by poor and irregular seedling emergence, dead seedlings, poor growth potential and the like due to high salinity and alkalinity of soil.
Preferably, in the step (1), salt-tolerant peanuts which normally grow in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.5% are selected as female parents; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
Preferably, in step (4), the plant-shaped single plant is a single plant which has a straight plant shape, a branch number of 10 or more, and is resistant to lodging in the late growth stage.
Preferably, in step (6), the individuals having an oleic acid content of 75% or more are individuals homozygous for 2 negative genes controlling oleic acid content, and the progeny of the individuals are high oleic acid individuals without isolation.
Preferably, in step (6), the individuals with 50% -75% of oleic acid content are individuals heterozygous for 2 genes controlling oleic acid content, and the progeny of the individuals are selfed to generate negative homozygous high oleic acid individuals.
Preferably, in step (6), individuals with an oleic acid content of 50% or less are 2 individuals that are homozygous for the dominant gene controlling oleic acid content, i.e., low oleic acid individuals, and high oleic acid individuals are no longer isolated from progeny.
Preferably, the sowing in the steps (2) to (9) is single-seed sowing.
Preferably, in the single-seed sowing, ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 80-100 cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25-35 cm, the hole distance is 16-20cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
Preferably, after sowing, spraying herbicide for killing monocotyledons, and then covering with a mulching film; the requirements of sowing on a test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 150-250 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30-50 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K% of each soil, and the soil is used for preventing and controlling underground pests by using a sulfur-phosphorous pesticide.
Preferably, the proper soil moisture content sowing is selected, and the proper sowing period is achieved by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the ground to be more than 18 ℃; the soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hands, and the water content of the soil is 60-70%. If there is no rainfall, water can be added in advance to make soil moisture. During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The principle of high and low oleic acid content: the oleic acid content is controlled by 2 pairs of non-linked genes, and when the 2 pairs of genes are all negative pure, the oleic acid content is high (more than 75 percent); when dominantly pure, it appears as low oleic acid (35-45%); oleic acid content ranged from 50% to 75% when the gene was heterozygous (dominant negative genes were all present in the cells of the same plant).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention discloses a screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts by using salt-tolerant peanuts and high-oleic-acid peanuts as parents. The implementation of the invention has important significance for effectively utilizing saline-alkali soil, producing peanuts with high quality, strong health-care function and long shelf life and solving the problems of dependence on import of edible oil, safety of the edible oil and the like in China.
2) The implementation of the method has important significance for accelerating the breeding process, quickly cultivating the salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanut variety, effectively utilizing the saline-alkali soil, producing the peanuts with high quality, strong health-care function and long shelf life and solving the problems of dependence on import of edible oil, safety of the edible oil and the like in China.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown below.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing salt-resistant peanuts serving as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts serving as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested F2 seeds are planted into plants according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods and more single plants are selected in the harvest period, and F3 generation seeds are harvested independently;
(5) the harvested seeds of the F3 generation are used for detecting the content of fatty acid by using a near infrared instrument, and parents are used as controls;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with 50% of oleic acid content, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have more than 75% of oleic acid content through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 50 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting excellent single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75 percent directly; carrying out near-infrared measurement on single plants with oleic acid content of 50% in plant rows, and screening the single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75% for selection; the individual plant with the oleic acid content of 75 percent is a high oleic acid individual plant;
(9) planting selected F4 generation high oleic acid single plant seeds in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.4%, and continuing to perform salt tolerance screening according to the plant forming rows of the single plant seeds; according to field observation in the growth period, recording that seedling emergence is regular, seedling shortage is low, plant rows with vigorous growth, upright plant shapes, moderate branch numbers, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are formed in the growth period, combining the plant rows into single plants which are mature, have multiple selected results and regular and consistent pod fruits, and mixing the single plants which are neutral in the same plant row and have consistent expression to form a salt-tolerant high-oleic acid plant system; eliminates the plant rows with poor salt tolerance and low yield caused by poor and irregular seedling emergence, dead seedlings, poor growth potential and the like due to high salinity and alkalinity of soil.
In the embodiment, in the step (1), salt-tolerant peanuts which normally grow in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.5% are selected as female parents; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
In this example, in step (4), the single plant with a good plant shape is a single plant with a vertical plant shape, a branch number of 10 or more, and lodging resistance at the late growth stage.
In this example, in step (6), the individuals having an oleic acid content of 75% or more are individuals having been homozygous for 2 negative genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof are not isolated and are high oleic acid individuals.
In this embodiment, in the step (6), the individual plant having 50% to 75% oleic acid content is a 2-pair individual plant heterozygous for the gene controlling oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof is selfed to produce a negative homozygous high oleic acid individual plant.
In this example, in step (6), the individual plant with an oleic acid content of 50% or less is 2 individuals that are homozygous for the dominant gene controlling the oleic acid content, i.e., the individual plant with low oleic acid, and the high oleic acid individual plant is not isolated from the offspring.
In this embodiment, the seeding in steps (2) to (9) is single-seed seeding.
In the embodiment, in the single-seed sowing, ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 80cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25cm, the hole distance is 16cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
In the embodiment, after sowing, herbicide for killing monocotyledons is sprayed and then mulching films are coated; the requirements of sowing on the test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 2000 kg of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 150 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K percent of each fertilizer, and the octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide is used for preventing and controlling underground pests.
In the embodiment, the proper time is selected for sowing the soil moisture content, and the proper sowing time is achieved by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the ground to be more than 18 ℃; the soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hands, and the water content of the soil is 60 percent. If there is no rainfall, water can be added in advance to make soil moisture. During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The principle of high and low oleic acid content: the oleic acid content is controlled by 2 pairs of non-linked genes, and when the 2 pairs of genes are all negative pure, the oleic acid content is high (more than 75 percent); when dominantly pure, it appeared as low oleic acid (35%); oleic acid content was 50% when the gene was heterozygous (dominant negative genes were all present in the cells of the same plant).
Example 2
A screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing salt-resistant peanuts serving as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts serving as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested F2 seeds are planted into plants according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods and more single plants are selected in the harvest period, and F3 generation seeds are harvested independently;
(5) the harvested seeds of the F3 generation are used for detecting the content of fatty acid by using a near infrared instrument, and parents are used as controls;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of 75 percent, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 75 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting excellent single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75 percent directly; carrying out near-infrared measurement on single plants with oleic acid content of 75% in plant rows, and screening the single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75% for selection; the individual plant with the oleic acid content of 75 percent is a high oleic acid individual plant;
(9) planting selected F4 generation high oleic acid single plant seeds in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.5%, and continuing to perform salt tolerance screening according to the plant forming rows of the single plant seeds; according to field observation in the growth period, recording that seedling emergence is regular, seedling shortage is low, plant rows with vigorous growth, upright plant shapes, moderate branch numbers, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are formed in the growth period, combining the plant rows into single plants which are mature, have multiple selected results and regular and consistent pod fruits, and mixing the single plants which are neutral in the same plant row and have consistent expression to form a salt-tolerant high-oleic acid plant system; eliminates the plant rows with poor salt tolerance and low yield caused by poor and irregular seedling emergence, dead seedlings, poor growth potential and the like due to high salinity and alkalinity of soil.
In the embodiment, in the step (1), salt-tolerant peanuts which normally grow in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.5% are selected as female parents; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
In this example, in step (4), the single plant with a good plant shape is a single plant with a vertical plant shape, a branch number of 10 or more, and lodging resistance at the late growth stage.
In this example, in step (6), the individuals having an oleic acid content of 75% or more are individuals having been homozygous for 2 negative genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof are not isolated and are high oleic acid individuals.
In this example, in step (6), the individual with an oleic acid content of 75% is an individual heterozygous for 2 pairs of genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof is selfed to generate a negative homozygous high oleic acid individual.
In this example, in step (6), the individual plant with an oleic acid content of 50% or less is 2 individuals that are homozygous for the dominant gene controlling the oleic acid content, i.e., the individual plant with low oleic acid, and the high oleic acid individual plant is not isolated from the offspring.
In this embodiment, the seeding in steps (2) to (9) is single-seed seeding.
In the embodiment, in the single-seed sowing, ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 100cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 35cm, the hole distance is 20cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
In the embodiment, after sowing, herbicide for killing monocotyledons is sprayed and then mulching films are coated; the requirements of sowing on the test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 4000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu or 250 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer is used before ploughing, 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K percent of each soil is used, and the octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide is used for preventing and controlling underground pests.
In the embodiment, the proper time is selected for sowing the soil moisture content, and the proper sowing time is achieved by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the ground to be more than 18 ℃; the soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hands, and the water content of the soil is 70 percent. If there is no rainfall, water can be added in advance to make soil moisture. During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The principle of high and low oleic acid content: the oleic acid content is controlled by 2 pairs of non-linked genes, and when the 2 pairs of genes are all negative pure, the oleic acid content is high (more than 75 percent); when dominantly pure, it appeared as low oleic acid (45%); oleic acid content was 75% when the genes were heterozygous (dominant negative genes were all present in the cells of the same plant).
Example 3
A screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing salt-resistant peanuts serving as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts serving as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested F2 seeds are planted into plants according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods and more single plants are selected in the harvest period, and F3 generation seeds are harvested independently;
(5) the harvested seeds of the F3 generation are used for detecting the content of fatty acid by using a near infrared instrument, and parents are used as controls;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with oleic acid content of 60%, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have oleic acid content of over 75% through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 60 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting excellent single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75 percent directly; carrying out near-infrared measurement on the single plants with the oleic acid content of 60% in plant rows, and screening the single plants with the oleic acid content of more than 75% for selection; the individual plant with the oleic acid content of 75 percent is a high oleic acid individual plant;
(9) planting selected F4 generation high oleic acid single plant seeds in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.45%, and continuing to perform salt tolerance screening according to the plant forming rows of the single plant seeds; according to field observation in the growth period, recording that seedling emergence is regular, seedling shortage is low, plant rows with vigorous growth, upright plant shapes, moderate branch numbers, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are formed in the growth period, combining the plant rows into single plants which are mature, have multiple selected results and regular and consistent pod fruits, and mixing the single plants which are neutral in the same plant row and have consistent expression to form a salt-tolerant high-oleic acid plant system; eliminates the plant rows with poor salt tolerance and low yield caused by poor and irregular seedling emergence, dead seedlings, poor growth potential and the like due to high salinity and alkalinity of soil.
In the embodiment, in the step (1), salt-tolerant peanuts which normally grow in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.5% are selected as female parents; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
In this example, in step (4), the single plant with a good plant shape is a single plant with a vertical plant shape, a branch number of 10 or more, and lodging resistance at the late growth stage.
In this example, in step (6), the individuals having an oleic acid content of 75% or more are individuals having been homozygous for 2 negative genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof are not isolated and are high oleic acid individuals.
In this example, in step (6), the individual having an oleic acid content of 60% is an individual having 2 pairs of genes controlling the oleic acid content heterozygous, and the progeny thereof is selfed to produce a negative homozygous high oleic acid individual.
In this example, in step (6), the individual plant with an oleic acid content of 50% or less is 2 individuals that are homozygous for the dominant gene controlling the oleic acid content, i.e., the individual plant with low oleic acid, and the high oleic acid individual plant is not isolated from the offspring.
In this embodiment, the seeding in steps (2) to (9) is single-seed seeding.
In the embodiment, in the single-seed sowing, ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 90cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 30cm, the hole distance is 18cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
In the embodiment, after sowing, herbicide for killing monocotyledons is sprayed and then mulching films are coated; the requirements of sowing on the test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 3000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 200 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer, 40 kilograms of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K percent of each fertilizer, and the octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide is used for preventing and controlling underground pests.
In the embodiment, the proper time is selected for sowing the soil moisture content, and the proper sowing time is achieved by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the ground to be more than 18 ℃; the soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hands, and the soil moisture content is 65 percent. If there is no rainfall, water can be added in advance to make soil moisture. During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The principle of high and low oleic acid content: the oleic acid content is controlled by 2 pairs of non-linked genes, and when the 2 pairs of genes are all negative pure, the oleic acid content is high (more than 75 percent); when dominantly pure, it appeared as low oleic acid (40%); oleic acid content was 60% when the gene was heterozygous (dominant negative genes were all present in the cells of the same plant).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Other technical features than those described in the specification are known to those skilled in the art, and are not described herein in detail in order to highlight the innovative features of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A screening method of salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing salt-resistant peanuts serving as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts serving as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested F2 seeds are planted into plants according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods and more single plants are selected in the harvest period, and F3 generation seeds are harvested independently;
(5) the harvested seeds of the F3 generation are used for detecting the content of fatty acid by using a near infrared instrument, and parents are used as controls;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with oleic acid content of 50-75%, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have oleic acid content of more than 75% through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 50 to 75 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting excellent single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75 percent directly; carrying out near infrared measurement on single plants with oleic acid content of 50-75%, and screening the single plants with oleic acid content of more than 75% for selection; the individual plant with the oleic acid content of 75 percent is a high oleic acid individual plant;
(9) planting selected F4 generation high oleic acid single plant seeds in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.4-0.5%, and continuing to perform salt-tolerant screening according to the plant forming rows of the single plant seeds; according to field observation in the growth period, recording that seedling emergence is regular, seedling shortage is low, plant rows with vigorous growth, upright plant shapes, moderate branch numbers, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are formed in the growth period, combining the plant rows into single plants which are mature, have multiple selected results and regular and consistent pod fruits, and mixing the single plants which are neutral in the same plant row and have consistent expression to form a salt-tolerant high-oleic acid plant system; eliminates the plant rows with poor salt tolerance and low yield caused by poor and irregular seedling emergence, dead seedlings, poor growth potential and the like due to high salinity and alkalinity of soil.
2. The method for screening salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), salt-tolerant peanuts which normally grow in saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.5% are selected as female parents; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
3. The method for screening salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the single plant with good plant shape is a single plant with upright plant shape, more than 10 branches and lodging resistance in the later growth period.
4. The method for screening salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (6), the individuals with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent are 2 individuals homozygous for the negative genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the offspring of the individuals can not be separated and are all high-oleic acid individuals.
5. The method for screening salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (6), the individual plant with 50-75% of oleic acid content is 2 individuals heterozygous for the gene controlling the oleic acid content, and the subsequent generations are selfed to generate a negative homozygous high oleic acid individual plant.
6. The method for screening salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (6), the individual plant with the oleic acid content of less than 50 percent is 2 homozygous dominant genes for controlling the oleic acid content, namely the individual plant with low oleic acid, and the high oleic acid individual plant can not be separated from the offspring.
7. The method for screening salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) sowing in the steps (2) to (9), wherein the sowing is single-seed sowing.
8. The method for screening salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: in the single-seed sowing, ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 80-100 cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25-35 cm, the hole distance is 16-20cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
9. The method for screening salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts according to claim 1 or 7, which is characterized in that: after sowing, spraying herbicide for killing monocotyledons and then covering with a mulching film; the requirements of sowing on a test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 150-250 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30-50 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K% of each soil, and the soil is used for preventing and controlling underground pests by using a sulfur-phosphorous pesticide.
10. The method for screening salt-tolerant high-oleic-acid peanuts according to claim 9, which is characterized in that: selecting soil with proper soil moisture content for sowing in proper period, and keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days to be more than 18 ℃ to be the proper sowing period; the soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hands, and the water content of the soil is 60-70%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115039653A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-13 | 山东青农产业发展有限公司 | Planting method for peanut breeding |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115039653A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-13 | 山东青农产业发展有限公司 | Planting method for peanut breeding |
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