CN113455386A - Method for cultivating high-oil and high-oleic acid peanut variety - Google Patents
Method for cultivating high-oil and high-oleic acid peanut variety Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating a high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety, which belongs to the technical field of cultivating new peanut varieties, and the high-oil peanut is used as a female parent and the high-oleic acid peanut is used as a male parent for hybridization; f1 generation seed obtained after hybridization, using female parent as contrast, removing false hybrid with the same performance as female parent; and (3) obtaining seeds of F2 generation according to a single plant after the hybrid is mature, marking the single plant which meets the conditions to obtain seeds of F3 generation, preferentially selecting a high-oil high-oleic acid single plant with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75% to be selected as seeds of F4 generation, carrying out yield identification on the selected high-oil high-oleic acid strain, and carrying out a yield comparison test on the selected strain. The method can be used for obtaining peanut varieties with high oil content and high oleic acid content, the cultivation period is 6 years, the high oil peanuts and the high oleic acid peanuts are used as parents, and the method has important significance for producing peanuts with high quality, strong health care function and long shelf life, improving the oil content of the peanuts, relieving the shortage of edible oil in China, increasing the income of farmers and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of new peanut varieties, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of a high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety.
Background
Peanuts are important oil crops and economic crops in China, the seeding area of the peanuts in China is about 7000 mu to about 1700 million tons, the total yield of the peanuts accounts for 40 percent of the total yield of the peanuts in the whole world, and the peanut production plays an important role in agricultural production in China and even the whole national economy. China is a country with edible oil shortage, the self-sufficiency rate is only 30%, and 70% of China depends on import. Peanuts account for 48% of the total oil crop yield. 50% of peanuts produced in China are used for processing peanut oil. The oil content of the seeds of the common peanut variety is about 50 percent, and the oil content is 55 percent, which is a high-oil variety. As processing oil, the oil content of peanut seeds can be increased by 7% when the oil content is increased by 1%.
The main fatty acid in the peanut oil is oleic acid and linoleic acid, the total amount of the oleic acid and the linoleic acid is generally stabilized at 80-85%, and the oleic acid and the linoleic acid show obvious negative correlation. The oleic acid content of common peanut varieties is generally 35-50%, and the oleic acid content of high-oleic-acid peanuts can reach 75-84%. Oleic acid is one of important quality indexes influencing the physical and chemical stability and the nutritional value of the peanut oil, the higher the oleic acid content of the peanut oil is, the better the stability is, the peanut oil is not easy to deteriorate and is beneficial to storage, and the shelf life can be prolonged; meanwhile, the high oleic acid can selectively reduce harmful cholesterol in human blood and keep beneficial cholesterol, thereby slowing down atherosclerosis, effectively preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and the like, and having very important health care function and value.
The method has the advantages of cultivating peanut varieties with high oil and high oleic acid, and having important significance for improving the health care function of peanuts, prolonging the shelf life of the peanuts, peanut products and the peanut oil, relieving the pressure of shortage of edible oil in China, improving the peanut yield value, increasing the income of farmers, improving the joyful agriculture and rural areas and the like. The cultivation method of the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety has great influence on cultivation of the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety, so that the selection of the proper cultivation method of the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a cultivation method of a high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety, and the cultivation method can be used for obtaining the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety with a cultivation period of 6 years.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for cultivating a high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by taking high-oil peanuts as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested seeds of the F2 generation are planted into rows according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods, multiple single plants and regular and consistent pods are selected in the harvest period, and the seeds of the F3 generation are harvested from the single plants;
(5) the harvested F3 generation seeds are used for detecting the oil content and the oleic acid content by using a near infrared instrument;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with oleic acid content of 50-75%, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have oleic acid content of more than 75% through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 50 to 75 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting F4 generation individual plant seeds, determining oil content and oleic acid content by using a near-infrared instrument, selecting high-oil high-oleic acid individual plants with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75%, and eliminating other individual plants;
(9) selecting F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plant seeds, continuing to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, observing in the field in the growth period, recording the plant rows with regular seedling emergence, vigorous growth, upright plant shape, moderate branch number, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance, combining the plant rows into single plants with multiple mature results and uniform pod fruits, and mixing and harvesting the single plants with the same row and the same neutral performance to form a high-oil high-oleic acid plant system;
(10) performing yield identification on the selected high-oil high-oleic acid strain; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 1 ridge is sowed repeatedly each time; drying in the sun after harvesting, weighing the yield, measuring the oil content and the oleic acid content by a near infrared instrument, and taking a parent as a reference; the high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain is promoted to be a strain;
(11) performing yield comparison test on the selected strains; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 3 ridges are sown repeatedly each time; taking a local variety area test control variety as a control; harvesting, drying in the sun, and weighing the yield; and (4) selecting a high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain, participating in provincial variety region tests, and reporting the registration of national non-main crop varieties after the tests are passed.
Preferably, in the step (1), the oil content of the high-oil peanuts is more than 55 percent; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
Preferably, in step (4), the plant-shaped single plant is a single plant which has a straight plant shape, a branch number of 10 or more, and is resistant to lodging in the late growth stage.
Preferably, in step (6), the individuals having an oleic acid content of 75% or more are individuals homozygous for 2 negative genes controlling oleic acid content, and the progeny of the individuals are high oleic acid individuals without isolation.
Preferably, in step (6), the individuals with 50% -75% of oleic acid content are individuals heterozygous for 2 genes controlling oleic acid content, and the progeny of the individuals are selfed to generate negative homozygous high oleic acid individuals.
Preferably, in step (6), individuals with an oleic acid content of 50% or less are 2 individuals that are homozygous for the dominant gene controlling oleic acid content, i.e., low oleic acid individuals, and high oleic acid individuals are no longer isolated from progeny.
Preferably, the sowing in the steps (2) to (9) is single-seed sowing; the single-seed sowing is ridging, the ridge distance is 80-100 cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25-35 cm, the hole distance is 16-20cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
Preferably, the sowing in the steps (10) to (11) is double-grain sowing; the double-seed sowing is characterized in that ridges are formed in the double-seed sowing, the ridge distance is 80-90 cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 22-30 cm, the hole distance is 16-20cm, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole.
Preferably, in the steps (2) to (11), after sowing, spraying a herbicide for killing monocotyledons, and then covering a mulching film; the requirements of sowing on a test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 150-250 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30-50 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K% of each soil, and the soil is used for preventing and controlling underground pests by using a sulfur-phosphorous pesticide.
Preferably, the proper soil moisture content sowing is selected, and the proper sowing period is achieved by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the ground to be more than 18 ℃; the soil moisture content is suitable for watering soil in advance if the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is loosened by hands and the water content of the soil is 60-70% without rainfall. During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The principle of high and low oleic acid content: the oleic acid content is controlled by 2 pairs of non-linked genes, and when the 2 pairs of genes are all negative pure, the oleic acid content is high (more than 75 percent); when dominantly pure, it appears as low oleic acid (35-45%); oleic acid content ranged from 50% to 75% when the gene was heterozygous (dominant negative genes were all present in the cells of the same plant).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the method can be used for obtaining peanut varieties with high oil content and high oleic acid content, and the cultivation period is 6 years.
2) The invention discloses a method for cultivating a high-oil high-oleic-acid peanut variety by using high-oil peanuts (with the oil content of more than 55%) and high-oleic-acid peanuts (with the oleic acid content of more than 75%) as parents. The implementation of the invention has important significance for producing the peanuts with high quality, strong health-care function and long shelf life, improving the oil content of the peanuts, relieving the pressure of shortage of edible oil in China, increasing the income of farmers and the like.
3) The implementation of the invention has important significance for accelerating the breeding process, quickly cultivating high-oil high-oleic acid peanut varieties, producing peanuts with high quality, strong health care function and long shelf life, improving the oil content of the peanuts, relieving the pressure of shortage of edible oil in China, increasing the income of farmers and the like.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the invention are shown below.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A method for cultivating a high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by taking high-oil peanuts as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested seeds of the F2 generation are planted into rows according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods, multiple single plants and regular and consistent pods are selected in the harvest period, and the seeds of the F3 generation are harvested from the single plants;
(5) the harvested F3 generation seeds are used for detecting the oil content and the oleic acid content by using a near infrared instrument;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with oleic acid content of 60%, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have oleic acid content of over 75% through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 60 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting F4 generation individual plant seeds, determining oil content and oleic acid content by using a near-infrared instrument, selecting high-oil high-oleic acid individual plants with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75%, and eliminating other individual plants;
(9) selecting F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plant seeds, continuing to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, observing in the field in the growth period, recording the plant rows with regular seedling emergence, vigorous growth, upright plant shape, moderate branch number, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance, combining the plant rows into single plants with multiple mature results and uniform pod fruits, and mixing and harvesting the single plants with the same row and the same neutral performance to form a high-oil high-oleic acid plant system;
(10) performing yield identification on the selected high-oil high-oleic acid strain; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 1 ridge is sowed repeatedly each time; drying in the sun after harvesting, weighing the yield, measuring the oil content and the oleic acid content by a near infrared instrument, and taking a parent as a reference; the high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain is promoted to be a strain;
(11) performing yield comparison test on the selected strains; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 3 ridges are sown repeatedly each time; taking a local variety area test control variety as a control; harvesting, drying in the sun, and weighing the yield; and (4) selecting a high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain, participating in provincial variety region tests, and reporting the registration of national non-main crop varieties after the tests are passed.
In the embodiment, in the step (1), the oil content of the high-oil peanuts is more than 55%; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
In this example, in step (4), the single plant with a good plant shape is a single plant with a vertical plant shape, a branch number of 10 or more, and lodging resistance at the late growth stage.
In this example, in step (6), the individuals having an oleic acid content of 75% or more are individuals having been homozygous for 2 negative genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof are not isolated and are high oleic acid individuals.
In this example, in step (6), the individual having an oleic acid content of 60% is an individual having 2 pairs of genes controlling the oleic acid content heterozygous, and the progeny thereof is selfed to produce a negative homozygous high oleic acid individual.
In this example, in step (6), the individual plant with an oleic acid content of 50% or less is 2 individuals that are homozygous for the dominant gene controlling the oleic acid content, i.e., the individual plant with low oleic acid, and the high oleic acid individual plant is not isolated from the offspring.
In the embodiment, the seeding in the steps (2) to (9) is single-seed seeding; the single-seed sowing is characterized in that ridges are formed in the single-seed sowing, the ridge distance is 90cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 30cm, the hole distance is 18cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
In the embodiment, the seeding in the steps (10) to (11) is double-grain seeding; in the double-seed sowing, ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 85cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25cm, the hole distance is 18cm, and 2 seeds are planted in each hole.
In the embodiment, in the steps (2) to (11), after sowing, a herbicide for killing monocotyledons is sprayed, and then a mulching film is coated; the requirements of sowing on the test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 3000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 200 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer, 40 kilograms of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K percent of each fertilizer, and the octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide is used for preventing and controlling underground pests.
In the embodiment, the proper time is selected for sowing the soil moisture content, and the proper sowing time is achieved by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the ground to be more than 18 ℃; the soil moisture content is suitable for watering in advance if the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is loosened by hands and the water content of the soil is 65 percent without rainfall. During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The principle of high and low oleic acid content: the oleic acid content is controlled by 2 pairs of non-linked genes, and when the 2 pairs of genes are all negative pure, the oleic acid content is high (more than 75 percent); when dominantly pure, it appeared as low oleic acid (40%); oleic acid content was 60% when the gene was heterozygous (dominant negative genes were all present in the cells of the same plant).
Example 2
A method for cultivating a high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by taking high-oil peanuts as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested seeds of the F2 generation are planted into rows according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods, multiple single plants and regular and consistent pods are selected in the harvest period, and the seeds of the F3 generation are harvested from the single plants;
(5) the harvested F3 generation seeds are used for detecting the oil content and the oleic acid content by using a near infrared instrument;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with 50% of oleic acid content, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have more than 75% of oleic acid content through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 50 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting F4 generation individual plant seeds, determining oil content and oleic acid content by using a near-infrared instrument, selecting high-oil high-oleic acid individual plants with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75%, and eliminating other individual plants;
(9) selecting F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plant seeds, continuing to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, observing in the field in the growth period, recording the plant rows with regular seedling emergence, vigorous growth, upright plant shape, moderate branch number, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance, combining the plant rows into single plants with multiple mature results and uniform pod fruits, and mixing and harvesting the single plants with the same row and the same neutral performance to form a high-oil high-oleic acid plant system;
(10) performing yield identification on the selected high-oil high-oleic acid strain; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 1 ridge is sowed repeatedly each time; drying in the sun after harvesting, weighing the yield, measuring the oil content and the oleic acid content by a near infrared instrument, and taking a parent as a reference; the high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain is promoted to be a strain;
(11) performing yield comparison test on the selected strains; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 3 ridges are sown repeatedly each time; taking a local variety area test control variety as a control; harvesting, drying in the sun, and weighing the yield; and (4) selecting a high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain, participating in provincial variety region tests, and reporting the registration of national non-main crop varieties after the tests are passed.
In the embodiment, in the step (1), the oil content of the high-oil peanuts is more than 55%; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
In this example, in step (4), the single plant with a good plant shape is a single plant with a vertical plant shape, a branch number of 10 or more, and lodging resistance at the late growth stage.
In this example, in step (6), the individuals having an oleic acid content of 75% or more are individuals having been homozygous for 2 negative genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof are not isolated and are high oleic acid individuals.
In this embodiment, in the step (6), the individual plant having 50% to 75% oleic acid content is a 2-pair individual plant heterozygous for the gene controlling oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof is selfed to produce a negative homozygous high oleic acid individual plant.
In this example, in step (6), the individual plant with an oleic acid content of 50% or less is 2 individuals that are homozygous for the dominant gene controlling the oleic acid content, i.e., the individual plant with low oleic acid, and the high oleic acid individual plant is not isolated from the offspring.
In the embodiment, the seeding in the steps (2) to (9) is single-seed seeding; the single-seed sowing is characterized in that ridges are formed in the single-seed sowing, the ridge distance is 80cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25cm, the hole distance is 16cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
In the embodiment, the seeding in the steps (10) to (11) is double-grain seeding; in the double-seed sowing, ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 80cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 22cm, the hole distance is 16cm, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole.
In the embodiment, in the steps (2) to (11), after sowing, a herbicide for killing monocotyledons is sprayed, and then a mulching film is coated; the requirements of sowing on the test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 2000 kg of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 150 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K percent of each fertilizer, and the octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide is used for preventing and controlling underground pests.
In the embodiment, the proper time is selected for sowing the soil moisture content, and the proper sowing time is achieved by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the ground to be more than 18 ℃; the soil moisture content is suitable for watering in advance if the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is loosened by hands and the water content of the soil is 60 percent without rainfall. During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The principle of high and low oleic acid content: the oleic acid content is controlled by 2 pairs of non-linked genes, and when the 2 pairs of genes are all negative pure, the oleic acid content is high (more than 75 percent); when dominantly pure, it appeared as low oleic acid (35%); oleic acid content was 50% when the gene was heterozygous (dominant negative genes were all present in the cells of the same plant).
Example 3
A method for cultivating a high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by taking high-oil peanuts as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested seeds of the F2 generation are planted into rows according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods, multiple single plants and regular and consistent pods are selected in the harvest period, and the seeds of the F3 generation are harvested from the single plants;
(5) the harvested F3 generation seeds are used for detecting the oil content and the oleic acid content by using a near infrared instrument;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of 75 percent, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 75 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting F4 generation individual plant seeds, determining oil content and oleic acid content by using a near-infrared instrument, selecting high-oil high-oleic acid individual plants with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75%, and eliminating other individual plants;
(9) selecting F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plant seeds, continuing to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, observing in the field in the growth period, recording the plant rows with regular seedling emergence, vigorous growth, upright plant shape, moderate branch number, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance, combining the plant rows into single plants with multiple mature results and uniform pod fruits, and mixing and harvesting the single plants with the same row and the same neutral performance to form a high-oil high-oleic acid plant system;
(10) performing yield identification on the selected high-oil high-oleic acid strain; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 1 ridge is sowed repeatedly each time; drying in the sun after harvesting, weighing the yield, measuring the oil content and the oleic acid content by a near infrared instrument, and taking a parent as a reference; the high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain is promoted to be a strain;
(11) performing yield comparison test on the selected strains; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 3 ridges are sown repeatedly each time; taking a local variety area test control variety as a control; harvesting, drying in the sun, and weighing the yield; and (4) selecting a high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain, participating in provincial variety region tests, and reporting the registration of national non-main crop varieties after the tests are passed.
In the embodiment, in the step (1), the oil content of the high-oil peanuts is more than 55%; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
In this example, in step (4), the single plant with a good plant shape is a single plant with a vertical plant shape, a branch number of 10 or more, and lodging resistance at the late growth stage.
In this example, in step (6), the individuals having an oleic acid content of 75% or more are individuals having been homozygous for 2 negative genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof are not isolated and are high oleic acid individuals.
In this example, in step (6), the individual with an oleic acid content of 75% is an individual heterozygous for 2 pairs of genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the progeny thereof is selfed to generate a negative homozygous high oleic acid individual.
In this example, in step (6), the individual plant with an oleic acid content of 50% or less is 2 individuals that are homozygous for the dominant gene controlling the oleic acid content, i.e., the individual plant with low oleic acid, and the high oleic acid individual plant is not isolated from the offspring.
In the embodiment, the seeding in the steps (2) to (9) is single-seed seeding; the single-seed sowing is ridging, the ridge distance is 100cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 35cm, the hole distance is 20cm, and 1 seed is sowed in each hole.
In the embodiment, the seeding in the steps (10) to (11) is double-grain seeding; the double-seed sowing is characterized in that ridging is carried out, the ridge distance is 90cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 30cm, the hole distance is 20cm, and 2 seeds are sowed in each hole.
In the embodiment, in the steps (2) to (11), after sowing, a herbicide for killing monocotyledons is sprayed, and then a mulching film is coated; the requirements of sowing on the test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 4000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu or 250 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer is used before ploughing, 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K percent of each soil is used, and the octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide is used for preventing and controlling underground pests.
In the embodiment, the proper time is selected for sowing the soil moisture content, and the proper sowing time is achieved by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the ground to be more than 18 ℃; the soil moisture content is suitable for watering in advance if the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is loosened by hands and the water content of the soil is 70 percent without rainfall. During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The principle of high and low oleic acid content: the oleic acid content is controlled by 2 pairs of non-linked genes, and when the 2 pairs of genes are all negative pure, the oleic acid content is high (more than 75 percent); when dominantly pure, it appeared as low oleic acid (45%); oleic acid content was 75% when the genes were heterozygous (dominant negative genes were all present in the cells of the same plant).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Other technical features than those described in the specification are known to those skilled in the art, and are not described herein in detail in order to highlight the innovative features of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method of a high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by taking high-oil peanuts as a female parent and high-oleic-acid peanuts as a male parent;
(2) f1 generation seeds obtained after hybridization are sowed in a field, the female parent is used as a control, and a false hybrid with the same performance as the female parent is removed;
(3) the hybrid with different expression from the female parent is mature and then F2 generation seeds are harvested according to a single plant;
(4) the harvested seeds of the F2 generation are planted into rows according to single plants, the single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked by field observation during the growth period, the single plants with concentrated pods, multiple single plants and regular and consistent pods are selected in the harvest period, and the seeds of the F3 generation are harvested from the single plants;
(5) the harvested F3 generation seeds are used for detecting the oil content and the oleic acid content by using a near infrared instrument;
(6) selecting a single plant with the oleic acid content of more than 75%, and not measuring the oleic acid content any more in a later breeding generation; in addition, selecting a single plant with oleic acid content of 50-75%, continuously measuring the oleic acid content in later generations, and finally selecting 2 pairs of single plants which are homozygous for negative genes and have oleic acid content of more than 75% through selfing and homozygosis; eliminating single plants with oleic acid content below 50%;
(7) f3 generation single plant seeds with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent and 50 to 75 percent continue to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, and F4 generation single plant seeds with good plant shape, multiple single plant fruits, regular and full pods, consistent pod shape and size and strong disease resistance are selected;
(8) selecting F4 generation individual plant seeds, determining oil content and oleic acid content by using a near-infrared instrument, selecting high-oil high-oleic acid individual plants with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75%, and eliminating other individual plants;
(9) selecting F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plant seeds, continuing to grow into plant rows according to the single plant seeds, observing in the field in the growth period, recording the plant rows with regular seedling emergence, vigorous growth, upright plant shape, moderate branch number, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance, combining the plant rows into single plants with multiple mature results and uniform pod fruits, and mixing and harvesting the single plants with the same row and the same neutral performance to form a high-oil high-oleic acid plant system;
(10) performing yield identification on the selected high-oil high-oleic acid strain; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 1 ridge is sowed repeatedly each time; drying in the sun after harvesting, weighing the yield, measuring the oil content and the oleic acid content by a near infrared instrument, and taking a parent as a reference; the high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain is promoted to be a strain;
(11) performing yield comparison test on the selected strains; the test is repeated for 3 times, and 3 ridges are sown repeatedly each time; taking a local variety area test control variety as a control; harvesting, drying in the sun, and weighing the yield; and (4) selecting a high-yield high-oil high-oleic acid strain, participating in provincial variety region tests, and reporting the registration of national non-main crop varieties after the tests are passed.
2. The method for cultivating the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the oil content of the high-oil peanuts is more than 55 percent; the oleic acid content of the high oleic acid peanuts is more than 75 percent.
3. The method for cultivating the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the single plant with good plant shape is a single plant with upright plant shape, more than 10 branches and lodging resistance in the later growth period.
4. The method for cultivating the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the individuals with the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent are 2 individuals homozygous for the negative genes controlling the oleic acid content, and the offspring of the individuals can not be separated and are all high-oleic acid individuals.
5. The method for cultivating the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the individual plant with 50-75% of oleic acid content is 2 individuals heterozygous for the gene controlling the oleic acid content, and the subsequent generations are selfed to generate a negative homozygous high oleic acid individual plant.
6. The method for cultivating the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the individual plant with the oleic acid content of less than 50 percent is 2 homozygous dominant genes for controlling the oleic acid content, namely the individual plant with low oleic acid, and the high oleic acid individual plant can not be separated from the offspring.
7. The method for cultivating the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: sowing in the steps (2) to (9) is single-seed sowing; the single-seed sowing is ridging, the ridge distance is 80-100 cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25-35 cm, the hole distance is 16-20cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
8. The method for cultivating the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: sowing in the steps (10) to (11) is carried out, wherein double-grain sowing is carried out; the double-seed sowing is characterized in that ridges are formed in the double-seed sowing, the ridge distance is 80-90 cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 22-30 cm, the hole distance is 16-20cm, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole.
9. The method for cultivating the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the steps (2) - (11), after sowing, spraying a herbicide for killing monocotyledons, and then covering a mulching film; the requirements of sowing on a test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 150-250 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30-50 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K% of each soil, and the soil is used for preventing and controlling underground pests by using a sulfur-phosphorous pesticide.
10. The method for cultivating the high-oil high-oleic acid peanut variety according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: selecting soil with proper soil moisture content for sowing in proper period, and keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days to be more than 18 ℃ to be the proper sowing period; the soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hands, and the water content of the soil is 60-70%.
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| CN202110900768.4A CN113455386A (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2021-08-06 | Method for cultivating high-oil and high-oleic acid peanut variety |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115005039A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-06 | 山东青农产业发展有限公司 | Breeding method of novel peanut variety |
| CN115530068A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-12-30 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for rapidly breeding high-sugar high-oleic acid peanut variety |
-
2021
- 2021-08-06 CN CN202110900768.4A patent/CN113455386A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115005039A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-06 | 山东青农产业发展有限公司 | Breeding method of novel peanut variety |
| CN115530068A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-12-30 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for rapidly breeding high-sugar high-oleic acid peanut variety |
| CN115530068B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2023-08-08 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for rapidly breeding high-sugar high-oleic acid peanut varieties |
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