CN106332772B - A kind of cross-breeding method of flax - Google Patents
A kind of cross-breeding method of flax Download PDFInfo
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- CN106332772B CN106332772B CN201610715760.XA CN201610715760A CN106332772B CN 106332772 B CN106332772 B CN 106332772B CN 201610715760 A CN201610715760 A CN 201610715760A CN 106332772 B CN106332772 B CN 106332772B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The present invention relates to flax production of hybrid seeds field, more particularly to a kind of cross-breeding method of flax includes the following steps：The male parent of flax and female parent are sowed respectively, seeding method uses bunch planting, sowing to sow the ratio progress of a line, 3 rows of maternal sowing according to male parent；After planting, 12 row rapes are planted respectively among plot surrounding and plot；Male parent is removed after the completion of female parent pollination；Flax grows to harvest and obtains flax cenospecies.A kind of cross-breeding method of flax provided by the invention, sows the male parent of flax and female parent by the way of bunch planting, effectively prevents male parent and maternal the problem of being easy doping；By planting rape, to attract honey bees pollination, increase male parent and maternal hybridization efficiency；Male parent is removed after the completion of pollination, the purity of cenospecies when the removal of male parent is conducive to improve harvest, and it is good to remove male parent ventilation effect, is more advantageous to maternal growth, enhances Dominance in border row, prevent from lodging, increase yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flax production of hybrid seeds fields, in particular to a kind of cross-breeding method of flax.
Background technology
Flax, annual herb plant, wide adaptability, resistance is strong, suitable for it is high and cold cool, arid, the sunshine-duration it is long
Area plantation, in China, flax is the important oil crops in North China, the Northwest.
The cross-breeding method of existing flax, line-spacing is small, and doping, obtained purity of hybrid are easy between male parent female parent
Not enough, also, the low output of flax kind obtained.
In view of this, special propose the present invention.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cross-breeding method of flax, this method plantation is simple, obtained flax
Purity of hybrid it is high, yield is high.
In order to realize that the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy use following technical scheme：
A kind of cross-breeding method of flax, includes the following steps：
The male parent of flax and female parent are sowed respectively, seeding method uses bunch planting, sowing to sow a line, female parent according to male parent
The ratio for sowing 3 rows carries out；
After planting, 1-2 row rapes are planted respectively among plot surrounding and plot；
Male parent is removed after the completion of female parent pollination；
Flax grows to harvest and obtains flax cenospecies.
A kind of cross-breeding method of flax provided by the invention, by the way of bunch planting to the male parent of flax and it is maternal into
Row sowing effectively prevents male parent and maternal the problem of being easy doping；By planting rape, to attract honey bees pollination, increase father
The hybridization efficiency of this and female parent；Male parent is removed after the completion of pollination, the purity of cenospecies when the removal of male parent is conducive to improve harvest,
And it is good to remove male parent ventilation effect, is more advantageous to maternal growth, enhances Dominance in border row, prevents from lodging, and increases yield.
Further, then after planting full covered ground mulch covers the soil of one layer of 1.5-2.5cm thickness on mulch.It is existing
Some flax cross-breeding methods do not cover mulch, and male parent and maternal growing way are bad；It is verified, it is covered after male parent and planting of maternal
Lid mulch, when overlay film by the sides Zhi Geng on ground, do not stay gap between film and film, one layer of thin soil of film overlying, male parent and maternal
Growth potential is obviously improved, and then provides good basis for follow-up hybridization and the promotion of cenospecies yield.
Further, the mulch is agricultural black film, thickness 0.006-0.009mm.It is verified, it is covered using agricultural black film
Lid, and preferably enhancing male parent and maternal growth potential can be reached using the black film of specific thickness, and it is basic in growth period
Without weeding.In general, the mulch breadth used is 135-150cm.
Preferably, the line-spacing of sowing is 16-18cm, hill spacing 14-16cm.So that the distance between strain strain is appropriate, improve
The utilization rate in soil, keep a full stand of seedings 4,500,000~6,000,000 plants/hm2。
Preferably, 3~4cm of seed level when bunch planting, per cave 10-15.
Further, the region that the sowing is selected is：1950~2200 meters of height above sea level, annual precipitation is at 150~200 millimeters
Arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area.This area is relatively suitble to the growth of flax, and is easily managed.
Further, the plot that the sowing is selected is：Soil layer is thick, topography is flat, moisture in the soil it is good, avoid flax continuous cropping and meet
Stubble.
Usually, the preceding crop in the soil is wheat, corn, potatoes and other crops, which avoids continuous cropping and meet stubble kind
Flax is planted, is planted in this way by being spaced, the yield of flax can be improved well, and prevent some insect pests.
Further, before the sowing to the plot apply fertilizer, after fertilising revolve ground, revolve ground after harrowed, a kind of farm tools, suppression；
The fertilising is：30~45t/hm of farm manure2, 60~75kg/hm of urea2, 300~375kg/hm of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)2With
And 45~75kg/hm of potassium sulfate2。
By the fertilising before site preparation, it can ensure the nutritional need in entire flax growth period well so that flax growing way is good,
Finally obtained cenospecies yield is high.
Further, field management is carried out in entire flax growth period；
The field management is：Manpower weeding is carried out when there are weeds to drill out mulch；It pours water 1 time in squaring period, the spray of fir shape phase
Apply 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder.
By field management, flax seedling is made preferably to grow, good basis is provided for the promotion of Flax Output Index.
Further, described maternal for Thermo-sensitive sterile line, temperature when pollinating of blooming is not higher than 18 DEG C.
In the present invention, flax cenospecies can be sub- miscellaneous No. 1 of Gansu Province, and female parent is I S of sterile line, male parent is restorer 873；
Sub- miscellaneous No. 2 of Gansu Province, female parent is sterile line IS, male parent is that restorer Gansu Province is No. 10 sub-.In addition, flax cenospecies can also be existing for other
Some kinds.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) purity of hybrid made from the producing method for seed relative to existing flax cenospecies is 80% hereinafter, this hair
The cross-breeding method of the flax of bright offer, obtained cenospecies full grains, purity is high, reaches 91% or more, purity has
Prodigious raising.
(2) yield relative to the producing method for seed of existing flax cenospecies only has 130-140 jins, Hu provided by the invention
The cross-breeding method of fiber crops, yield can reach 230-240 jins, obvious effect of increasing production.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific
Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cross-breeding method of flax, includes the following steps：
1, Production Zones Suitable
1950~2200 meters of Zhangye height above sea level, annual precipitation 150~200 millimeters arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area plant.
2, selection of land, site preparation
Select soil layer is thick, topography is flat, the good plot of moisture in the soil, be advisable with corn, wheat, potato crops for rotation, avoid flax
Continuous cropping and meet stubble；
Farm manure 30t/hm is applied before revolving ground2, urea 70kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 350kg/hm2And potassium sulfate 60kg/
hm2, harrowed after rotary tillage, a kind of farm tools, suppression.
3, plastic film mulch
The full covered ground of agricultural black film for selecting breadth 140cm, thick 0.008mm, the overlay film time is determined according to soil moisture content；
When overlay film by the sides Zhi Geng on ground, do not stay gap, one layer of thin soil of film overlying, thickness to be advisable with 2cm or so between film and film.
4, selected parent combines
Female parent be I S of sterile line, the sterile line be Thermo-sensitive infertility, bloom pollination when temperature be not higher than 18 degrees Celsius；Father
This is restorer 873.
5, implantation time, specification
It was sowed -15 days on the 5th April.Parent uniformly plants specification, is sowed using uniline hill-drop drill, 3~4cm of seed level, width
The mulch of wide 140cm sows 8 rows, line-spacing 17cm, hill spacing 15cm, and density is 420,000 caves/hm2Keep a full stand of seedings per cave 10-15 left and right
4500000~5,000,000 plants/hm2。
6, implantation methods
By the sides Zhi Geng on ground, the first row plants male parent (restorer) for plantation, then plants three rows female parent (sterile line),
And so on planted；I.e. Parent is planted with the row ratio of 1 ︰ 3.In addition, planting 1 among plot surrounding and plot
Row rape, in favor of attracting honey bees pollination.
7, male parent is removed
Removal male parent presses sequence when plantation and removes male parent since the first row in time after the completion of pollination.Male parent is gone
Except be conducive to improve purity；It is good to remove male parent ventilation effect, is more advantageous to maternal growth, enhances Dominance in border row, prevents from lodging.
Flax throughout the growing season carries out field management, specially：Manpower weeding is carried out when there are weeds to drill out mulch, existing
The flower bud phase phase pours water 1 time, and it is appropriate that the fir shape phase should spray 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder, prevents from lodging, and enhances drought-resistant ability, promotes
Grouting increases grain weight, improves yield.
Flax field major part stalk blade turns yellow substantially to fall off, and capsule turns yellow, when seed is hardened, you can in fine day without dew
It is harvested when water.
It is computed, the yield of the sub- miscellaneous No. 1 flax cenospecies in Gansu Province is 230 jin per acre, and full seed, undope male parent, pure
Degree is 91%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cross-breeding method of flax, includes the following steps：
1, Production Zones Suitable
1950~2200 meters of Zhangye height above sea level, annual precipitation 150~200 millimeters arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area plant.
2, selection of land, site preparation
Select soil layer is thick, topography is flat, the good plot of moisture in the soil, be advisable with corn, wheat, potato crops for rotation, avoid flax
Continuous cropping and meet stubble；
Farm manure 45t/hm is applied before revolving ground2, urea 60kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300kg/hm2And potassium sulfate 45kg/
hm2, harrowed after rotary tillage, a kind of farm tools, suppression.
3, plastic film mulch
The full covered ground of agricultural black film for selecting breadth 140cm, thick 0.006mm, the overlay film time is determined according to soil moisture content；
When overlay film by the sides Zhi Geng on ground, do not stay gap, one layer of thin soil of film overlying, thickness to be advisable with 2cm or so between film and film.
4, selected parent combines
Female parent be I S of sterile line, the sterile line be Thermo-sensitive infertility, bloom pollination when temperature be not higher than 18 degrees Celsius；Father
This is restorer 873.
5, implantation time, specification
It was sowed -15 days on the 5th April.Parent uniformly plants specification, is sowed using uniline hill-drop drill, 3~4cm of seed level, width
The mulch of wide 140cm sows 8 rows, line-spacing 16cm, hill spacing 14cm, and density is 420,000 caves/hm2Left and right is protected per cave 10-15
Seedling 5,000,000~5,500,000 plant/hm2。
6, implantation methods
By the sides Zhi Geng on ground, the first row plants male parent (restorer) for plantation, then plants three rows female parent (sterile line),
And so on planted；I.e. Parent is planted with the row ratio of 1 ︰ 3.In addition, planting 2 among plot surrounding and plot
Row rape, in favor of attracting honey bees pollination.
7, male parent is removed
Removal male parent presses sequence when plantation and removes male parent since the first row in time after the completion of pollination.Male parent is gone
Except be conducive to improve purity；It is good to remove male parent ventilation effect, is more advantageous to maternal growth, enhances Dominance in border row, prevents from lodging.
Flax throughout the growing season carries out field management, specially：Manpower weeding is carried out when there are weeds to drill out mulch, existing
The flower bud phase phase pours water 1 time, and it is appropriate that the fir shape phase should spray 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder, prevents from lodging, and enhances drought-resistant ability, promotes
Grouting increases grain weight, improves yield.
Flax field major part stalk blade turns yellow substantially to fall off, and capsule turns yellow, when seed is hardened, you can in fine day without dew
It is harvested when water.
It is computed, the yield of the sub- miscellaneous No. 1 flax cenospecies in Gansu Province is 235 jin per acre, and full seed, undope male parent, pure
Degree is 92%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cross-breeding method of flax, includes the following steps：
1, Production Zones Suitable
1950~2200 meters of Zhangye height above sea level, annual precipitation 150~200 millimeters arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area plant.
2, selection of land, site preparation
Select soil layer is thick, topography is flat, the good plot of moisture in the soil, be advisable with corn, wheat, potato crops for rotation, avoid flax
Continuous cropping and meet stubble；
Farm manure 35t/hm is applied before revolving ground2, urea 75kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 375kg/hm2And potassium sulfate 75kg/
hm2, harrowed after rotary tillage, a kind of farm tools, suppression.
3, plastic film mulch
The full covered ground of agricultural black film for selecting breadth 150cm, thick 0.007mm, the overlay film time is determined according to soil moisture content；
When overlay film by the sides Zhi Geng on ground, do not stay gap, one layer of thin soil of film overlying, thickness to be about 1.5-2.5cm between film and film.
4, selected parent combines
Female parent be I S of sterile line, the sterile line be Thermo-sensitive infertility, bloom pollination when temperature be not higher than 18 degrees Celsius；Father
This is that restorer Gansu Province is No. 10 sub-.
5, implantation time, specification
It was sowed -15 days on the 5th April.Parent uniformly plants specification, is sowed using uniline hill-drop drill, 3~4cm of seed level, width
The mulch of wide 150cm sows 8 rows, line-spacing 18cm, hill spacing 16cm, and density is 420,000 caves/hm2Keep a full stand of seedings per cave 10-15 left and right
4500000~5,000,000 plants/hm2。
6, implantation methods
By the sides Zhi Geng on ground, the first row plants male parent (restorer) for plantation, then plants three rows female parent (sterile line),
And so on planted；I.e. Parent is planted with the row ratio of 1 ︰ 3.In addition, planting 2 among plot surrounding and plot
Row rape, in favor of attracting honey bees pollination.
7, male parent is removed
Removal male parent presses sequence when plantation and removes male parent since the first row in time after the completion of pollination.Male parent is gone
Except be conducive to improve purity；It is good to remove male parent ventilation effect, is more advantageous to maternal growth, enhances Dominance in border row, prevents from lodging.
Flax throughout the growing season carries out field management, specially：Manpower weeding is carried out when there are weeds to drill out mulch, existing
The flower bud phase phase pours water 1 time, and it is appropriate that the fir shape phase should spray 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder, prevents from lodging, and enhances drought-resistant ability, promotes
Grouting increases grain weight, improves yield.
Flax field major part stalk blade turns yellow substantially to fall off, and capsule turns yellow, when seed is hardened, you can in fine day without dew
It is harvested when water.
It is computed, the yield of the sub- miscellaneous No. 2 flax cenospecies in Gansu Province is 237 jin per acre, and its full seed, and undope father
This, purity 93%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of cross-breeding method of flax, includes the following steps：
1, Production Zones Suitable
1950~2200 meters of Zhangye height above sea level, annual precipitation 150~200 millimeters arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area plant.
2, selection of land, site preparation
Select soil layer is thick, topography is flat, the good plot of moisture in the soil, be advisable with corn, wheat, potato crops for rotation, avoid flax
Continuous cropping and meet stubble；
Farm manure 45t/hm is applied before revolving ground2, urea 75kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 375kg/hm2And potassium sulfate 75kg/
hm2, harrowed after rotary tillage, a kind of farm tools, suppression.
3, plastic film mulch
The full covered ground of agricultural black film for selecting breadth 135cm, thick 0.008mm, the overlay film time is determined according to soil moisture content；
When overlay film by the sides Zhi Geng on ground, do not stay gap, one layer of thin soil of film overlying, thickness to be advisable with 2cm or so between film and film.
4, selected parent combines
Female parent be I S of sterile line, the sterile line be Thermo-sensitive infertility, bloom pollination when temperature be not higher than 18 degrees Celsius；Father
This is restorer 873.
5, implantation time, specification
It was sowed -15 days on the 5th April.Parent uniformly plants specification, is sowed using uniline hill-drop drill, 3~4cm of seed level, width
The mulch of wide 135cm sows 7 rows, and line-spacing 16cm, hill spacing 14cm, per cave 10-15, keep a full stand of seedings 5,500,000~6,000,000 plants/hm2。
6, implantation methods
By the sides Zhi Geng on ground, the first row plants male parent (restorer) for plantation, then plants three rows female parent (sterile line),
And so on planted；I.e. Parent is planted with the row ratio of 1 ︰ 3.In addition, planting 2 among plot surrounding and plot
Row rape, in favor of attracting honey bees pollination.
7, male parent is removed
Removal male parent presses sequence when plantation and removes male parent since the first row in time after the completion of pollination.Male parent is gone
Except be conducive to improve purity；It is good to remove male parent ventilation effect, is more advantageous to maternal growth, enhances Dominance in border row, prevents from lodging.
Flax throughout the growing season carries out field management, specially：Manpower weeding is carried out when there are weeds to drill out mulch, existing
The flower bud phase phase pours water 1 time, and it is appropriate that the fir shape phase should spray 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder, prevents from lodging, and enhances drought-resistant ability, promotes
Grouting increases grain weight, improves yield.
Flax field major part stalk blade turns yellow substantially to fall off, and capsule turns yellow, when seed is hardened, you can in fine day without dew
It is harvested when water.
It is computed, the yield of the sub- miscellaneous No. 1 flax cenospecies in Gansu Province is 240 jin per acre, and full seed, undope male parent, pure
Degree is 95%.
In addition, the cenospecies cultivated in the present invention can also be other flax Hybrids.
The cross-breeding method of the flax provided through the invention, the quality and yield of obtained cenospecies have prodigious
It is promoted, relative to existing output increased 70% or more, obvious effect of increasing production, purity is also significantly improved.
The method of existing hybrid seeding is：Planting Row Distance is 12-13cm, is sowed by the way of broadcasting sowing, after planting not
Overlay film, other conditions are almost the same with the embodiment of the present invention.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, it will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's
Many other change and modification can be made in the case of spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including belonging to all such changes and modifications in the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of cross-breeding method of flax, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The male parent of flax and female parent are sowed respectively, seeding method uses bunch planting, and sowing sows a line according to male parent, female parent is sowed
The ratio of 3 rows carries out；
After planting, 1-2 row rapes are planted respectively among plot surrounding and plot；
Male parent is removed after the completion of female parent pollination；
Flax grows to harvest and obtains flax cenospecies；
The line-spacing of sowing is 16-18cm, hill spacing 14-16cm；
Described maternal for Thermo-sensitive sterile line, temperature when pollinating of blooming is not higher than 18 DEG C.
2. the cross-breeding method of flax according to claim 1, which is characterized in that after planting full covered ground mulch,
Then one layer of soil is covered on mulch.
3. the cross-breeding method of flax according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the mulch is agricultural black film, is adopted
The thickness of mulch is 0.006-0.009mm.
4. the cross-breeding method of flax according to claim 1, which is characterized in that 3~4cm of seed level when bunch planting, per cave
10-15.
5. according to the cross-breeding method of claim 1-4 any one of them flax, which is characterized in that the sowing was selected
Region is：1950~2200 meters of height above sea level, arid of the annual precipitation at 150~200 millimeters, Semi-arid Mountain Area.
6. the cross-breeding method of flax according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the plot that the sowing is selected is：
Soil layer is thick, topography is flat, moisture in the soil it is good, avoid flax continuous cropping and meet stubble.
7. the cross-breeding method of flax according to claim 6, which is characterized in that it applies fertilizer to the plot before sowing,
After fertilising revolve ground, revolve ground after harrowed, a kind of farm tools, suppression；
The fertilising is：30~45t/hm of farm manure2, 60~75kg/hm of urea2, 300~375kg/hm of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)2And sulphur
Sour 45~75kg/hm of potassium2。
8. the cross-breeding method of flax according to claim 1, which is characterized in that carried out in entire flax growth period
Field management；
The field management is：Manpower weeding is carried out when there are weeds to drill out mulch；It pours water 1 time in squaring period, the fir shape phase sprays
15% paclobutrazol wettable powder.
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| CN109349098A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-19 | 长江大学 | A kind of cotton hybrid seed production method |
| CN111742838A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-09 | 黑龙江润地汉麻科技有限公司 | Artificial pollination method for medical industrial hemp |
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| CN101243769A (en) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for flax hybridization by using male sterile of flax |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Jiu Chunqing Inventor after: Wang Juan Inventor after: Fan Huiling Inventor after: Shang Jianguo Inventor after: Nie Fei Inventor after: Lai Xingguo Inventor before: Jiu Chunqing Inventor before: Fan Huiling Inventor before: Shang Jianguo Inventor before: Nie Fei Inventor before: Lai Xingguo |