CN111742838A - Artificial pollination method for medical industrial hemp - Google Patents
Artificial pollination method for medical industrial hemp Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial pollination method of medicinal industrial hemp, relates to a pollination method for effectively improving the maturing rate of the medicinal industrial hemp, and aims to solve the problem of low maturing rate of natural pollination of the medicinal industrial hemp. The artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting male and female plants of the same variety of medical industrial hemp as pollination samples; secondly, distinguishing female plants and male plants from the pollination samples, and transferring the male plants to an isolation greenhouse for independent cultivation; thirdly, management before pollination; fourthly, when the male flowers bloom, cutting inflorescences of the male flowers from the blooming male plants, placing the flowers in a drying container to dehydrate pollen, and knocking the inflorescences upside down to drop the pollen in the container; fifthly, pollinating by adopting male flower pollen or a flowering male plant; sixthly, after the female plant inflorescence pollinates, the seeds are cultivated until the seeds are mature. The artificial pollination method of cannabis in the pharmaceutical industry has high maturing rate, greatly improves the yield and quality of seeds, and is an efficient and practical planting technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pollination method for effectively improving the seed setting rate of medical industrial hemp.
Background
Cannabis sativa, also known as Cannabis sativa, Cannabis sativa L. Industrial hemp, also known as hemp, refers to a variety of hemp having a Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of less than 0.3%. In China, the utilization of industrial hemp relates to the fields of health-care food, medicine, textile, building materials, paper making and the like. According to the data of the national statistical bureau, the total value of the industrial hemp in China in 2017 is about 75 hundred million yuan, wherein the proportion of textile fibers is 76%, the proportion of food is 7%, and the proportion of medicinal materials is only 5%. Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the major chemical components in the pharmaceutical industry cannabis. Unlike THC, CBD has not only no hallucinogenic effect, but also has a variety of pharmacological effects on the nervous system, and has great application value in alleviating inflammation, pain, anxiety, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy, and the like. The currently discovered and applicable Cannabigerol (CBG) with higher medicinal value besides CBD, and some cannabichromel (CBC), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and the like which are less researched have higher medicinal value. The market expansion space of the medical industrial hemp in the fields of medicine, cosmetics, health food and the like is very wide in the future.
The hemp is mostly a female and male heterozygote cross pollinated plant, the difference among different varieties is large, the flowering time of the female plant and the male plant is inconsistent, the natural pollination maturing rate is low, the agricultural cultivation and utilization are adversely affected, and the medical industrial hemp mainly uses flowers and leaves of the female plant to extract medical components, and male plants are generally eliminated immediately after showing sex characteristics during planting, only the female plant is reserved for industrial production, so seeds cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low seed setting rate of natural pollination of cannabis sativa in the pharmaceutical industry, and provides an artificial pollination method of cannabis sativa in the pharmaceutical industry.
The artificial pollination method of the industrial hemp for medicine is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, sample selection:
selecting male and female plants of the same variety of medical industrial cannabis sativa as pollination samples;
selecting male plants, and planting separately:
distinguishing female plants and male plants from a pollination sample, and transferring the male plants to an isolation greenhouse for independent cultivation;
thirdly, management before pollination:
gradually opening the male flowers 2-3 weeks after the flower buds of the male plants germinate, closing a fan in an isolation greenhouse to prevent pollen from floating, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 50% -65%, turning the inflorescences of the male plants from green to yellow, reducing irrigation, accelerating the opening of the male flowers and obtaining the flowering male plants;
fourthly, pollen collection and storage:
when the male flower is opened and the calyx is opened, cutting the inflorescence of the male flower from the flowering male plant, placing the inflorescence in a drying container to dehydrate pollen, inverting the inflorescence (lightly) and knocking the inflorescence to drop the pollen in the container, and storing the pollen of the male flower at low temperature after sealing;
fifthly, pollination:
when pollen from male flowers is used for pollination, the process is as follows: after the female plant buds germinate, entering a full-bloom stage, dipping male flower pollen, smearing on the female stamen heads repeatedly for 2-5 times within 2-3 days, controlling the temperature of a pollination environment to be 22-26 ℃ and the humidity to be 50-65%, and completing pollination of inflorescences;
when pollination is performed with a flowering male plant, the procedure is as follows: the female plant is positioned in a pollination greenhouse, the male plant which blooms in the third step is transferred into the pollination greenhouse, the environmental temperature of the pollination greenhouse is controlled to be 22-26 ℃, the humidity is 50% -65%, a fan is started, the branches of the male plant are (lightly) knocked, pollen is enabled to float to the pistil stigma along with the wind for the first pollination, the second pollination is carried out after 3-4 days (the method for the second pollination is the same as that for the first pollination), and the pollination of inflorescences is completed;
sixthly, after pollination of the female plant inflorescence, cultivating until the seeds are mature, and completing artificial pollination of the hemp in the pharmaceutical industry.
The artificial pollination method of the industrial hemp for medical use firstly selects the industrial hemp for medical use with the same variety or germplasm with excellent genetic genes as a parent. When the plants begin to show sex characteristics, excellent male plants growing strongly are selected as male parents and are cultured independently. Controlling the humidity when the male flowers gradually open; and when most inflorescences turn yellow from green, stopping watering, and when the top tips and leaves of the plants are slightly wilted, watering a small amount of the plants to restore the leaves, repeating the watering for 2-3 times, so that the flowers can open more quickly, and pollen collection is facilitated. After pollen is collected, the female plant is pollinated at the best time according to the flowering time of the female plant. According to different requirements, a mode of artificial pollination is selected, or a male plant is directly used for pollinating a female plant, each method is repeated for 2-3 times, and the female plant can obtain more seeds.
The artificial pollination method of the industrial hemp for medicine solves the defects that the natural pollination seed setting rate of the industrial hemp is low and the seeds are not easy to obtain, greatly improves the yield and the quality of the seeds, and is a high-efficiency and practical planting technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a male marihuana plant in the pharmaceutical industry;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of marijuana pistils in pharmaceutical industry;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the powder of the male marihuana plant in the pharmaceutical industry;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of cannabis sativa fruit set for the pharmaceutical industry of the example;
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the maturation of the seeds of Cannabis sativa of the pharmaceutical industry of the examples.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the artificial pollination method of the industrial hemp for medicine is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, sample selection:
selecting male and female plants of the same variety of medical industrial cannabis sativa as pollination samples;
selecting male plants, and planting separately:
distinguishing female plants and male plants from a pollination sample, and transferring the male plants to an isolation greenhouse for independent cultivation;
thirdly, management before pollination:
gradually opening the male flowers 2-3 weeks after the flower buds of the male plants germinate, closing a fan in an isolation greenhouse to prevent pollen from floating, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 50% -65%, turning the inflorescences of the male plants from green to yellow, reducing irrigation, accelerating the opening of the male flowers and obtaining the flowering male plants;
fourthly, pollen collection and storage:
when the male flower is opened and the calyx is opened, cutting the inflorescence of the male flower from the flowering male plant, placing the inflorescence in a drying container to dehydrate pollen, inverting the inflorescence (lightly) and knocking the inflorescence to drop the pollen in the container, and storing the pollen of the male flower at low temperature after sealing;
fifthly, pollination:
when pollen from male flowers is used for pollination, the process is as follows: after the female plant buds germinate, entering a full-bloom stage, dipping male flower pollen, smearing on the female stamen heads repeatedly for 2-5 times within 2-3 days, controlling the temperature of a pollination environment to be 22-26 ℃ and the humidity to be 50-65%, and completing pollination of inflorescences;
when pollination is performed with a flowering male plant, the procedure is as follows: the female plant is positioned in a pollination greenhouse, the male plant which blooms in the third step is transferred into the pollination greenhouse, the environmental temperature of the pollination greenhouse is controlled to be 22-26 ℃, the humidity is 50% -65%, a fan is started, the branches of the male plant are (lightly) knocked, pollen is enabled to float to the pistil stigma along with the wind for the first pollination, the second pollination is carried out after 3-4 days (the method for the second pollination is the same as that for the first pollination), and the pollination of inflorescences is completed;
sixthly, after pollination of the female plant inflorescence, cultivating until the seeds are mature, and completing artificial pollination of the hemp in the pharmaceutical industry.
The pollination process of the embodiment needs to be carried out under aseptic conditions, and all tools used for pollination need to be sterilized by using a sterilizing device.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that in the second step, when the medicinal industrial hemp plant grows for 4-6 weeks, the female plant and the male plant are distinguished, the inflorescence primordium shape growing at the joint of the new leaf and the main stem of the plant (new) is distinguished, the inflorescence primordium of the female plant is pear-shaped and is provided with white villus (pistil); the inflorescence primordia of the male plants carry pollen sacs.
In this embodiment, the female and male plants are visually distinguished, and the anthotagen of the male plant has no white fuzz but some sac-like structures (anthers). Also, males are usually taller than females, with irregular branches and fewer leaves and internodes.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first and second embodiments is that the male plant in the third step is applied with potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer in the early bud stage.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that in step three, when the inflorescence of the male plant changes from green to yellow, the irrigation reduction means that when the top branch and the leaves of the male plant just wither, the branch and the leaves are restored by watering, and the wilting watering process is repeated for 2-3 times.
The irrigation reduction of the embodiment is to water a small amount of water to restore the male plant when the top branch and leaves of the male plant are slightly wilted, repeat for 2-3 times, enable the flower to open more quickly and facilitate the collection of pollen.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the first to the fourth embodiments in that pollen is dropped into a container in the fourth step, and then the pollen is sieved to remove impurities.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is that the male flower pollen is preserved at 0-5 ℃ for 3 months in step four.
The present embodiment is generally used within 20 to 30 days after refrigeration. After taking out, the glass bottle is placed at room temperature for several hours and then opened again to prevent the pollen from being affected with moisture and losing activity. Avoiding moisture, high temperature and ultraviolet radiation.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is that the male flower pollen is preserved at-20 ℃ to-18 ℃ for 12 months in step four.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between the first embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that in the fifth embodiment, a brush or cotton is used for dipping the male flower pollen.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between the embodiment and one of the eighth embodiment is that the pollination greenhouse in the fifth step is covered with isolation cloth at the periphery and the top of the rectangular frame, and the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of the pollination greenhouse is (2-2.5) multiplied by (2.2-2.5).
The wall of the left and right side room of the pollination greenhouse of the embodiment is provided with a fan, and the fan and the plants are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the difference between the embodiment and the ninth embodiment is that in the fifth step, male plants in the pollination greenhouse are located in the middle of the greenhouse, and 6-7 female plants are placed around the greenhouse.
In this embodiment, the male and female plants are potted plants.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the difference between this embodiment and the first to tenth embodiments is that in the sixth step, the female plants are cultivated for 4-6 weeks after the inflorescence pollination until the seeds are mature.
Example (b): the artificial pollination method of the industrial hemp for medicine is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, sample selection:
selecting male and female plants of the same medical industrial hemp as pollination samples, wherein the pollination among different varieties can generate highly unstable genes, the genetic difference is large, the seed quality is influenced, and selecting high-quality medical industrial hemp varieties with strong adaptability, strong stress resistance and high yield as the pollination samples; firstly sowing and raising seedlings, and then carrying out pot culture, wherein the embodiment adopts Qing hemp No. 5 medicinal industrial hemp;
selecting male plants, and planting separately:
distinguishing female plants from male plants when the pollination sample grows to 5 weeks, and distinguishing the form of an inflorescence primordium newly grown at the joint of a new leaf and a main stem by naked eyes, wherein the primordium of the flowers of the female plants is pear-shaped and is provided with white villi (pistil); the male plant has the similar shape of the inflorescence primordium but no white fluff and has a sac-like structure (pollen sac), and is generally higher than the female plant, irregular branches and less leaves and internodes, the female plant and the male plant are distinguished, and the male plant is separately transferred into an isolation greenhouse to be protected from the pollution of other pollen; if the pollination is single plant pollination, 4-7 female plants are placed around the male plant and wrapped by gauze to avoid the pollution of other pollen, and if the pollination is carried out in a greenhouse, the male plant is placed in an isolation space independently;
thirdly, management before pollination:
the method comprises the following steps that normal water and fertilizer management is kept in the flowering period of female plants, and male plants have high requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, so that monopotassium phosphate fertilizer is applied to the male plants at the initial budding stage to support the male plants to grow rapidly, male flowers begin to open gradually 3 weeks after flower buds of the male plants germinate, a fan is turned off in a greenhouse to prevent pollen from floating, air exchange is kept to avoid humidity increase, the environment humidity is controlled to be 50-65%, most inflorescences turn green to yellow after 10 days, irrigation is reduced to enable the flowers to open more rapidly, and the flowering male plants are obtained;
fourthly, pollen collection and storage:
keeping humidity in a greenhouse at 50-65%, opening male flowers when the flower calyx is opened, exposing anthers in the air and releasing mature pollen, collecting pollen, cutting inflorescences of the male flowers from the flowering male plants, placing in a drying container for 2 days to dehydrate the pollen, inverting the inflorescences (lightly) to knock, dropping the pollen in the container, sieving the pollen, sealing the pollen in a dry glass bottle or a dehumidifying tank, and placing in a refrigerator for cold preservation at 2 ℃;
fifthly, pollination:
when pollen from male flowers is used for pollination, the process is as follows: allowing the female plant flower buds to enter a full-bloom stage 5 weeks after germination, when the length of white wool (pistil) reaches the longest length, pollinating, dipping male pollen, smearing on the heads of the pistil pillars, repeatedly smearing for 4 times within 2-3 days, selecting inflorescences with good stigma development for pollination, cutting off inflorescences without pollination to avoid wasting nutrients, controlling the temperature of a pollination environment to be 24 ℃ and the humidity to be 50-65%, and completing pollination of the inflorescences;
when pollination is performed with a flowering male plant, the procedure is as follows: the female plant is positioned in a pollination greenhouse, the male plant which blooms in the third step is transferred into the pollination greenhouse, the male plant in the pollination greenhouse is positioned in the middle of the greenhouse, 7 female plants are placed around the male plant, the diameters of the male plant and the female plant are 40cm, the environmental temperature of the pollination greenhouse is controlled to be 24 ℃, the humidity is 50-65%, a fan is started, branches of the male plant are (lightly) knocked, pollen is scattered onto a pistil stigma along with wind for first pollination, watering is carried out, the pollination is carried out for the second time (the method for the second pollination is the same as that for the first pollination), and the pollination of the inflorescence is completed;
and after pollination of the inflorescence of the female plant, cultivating the female plant until the seeds are mature, and finishing artificial pollination of the hemp in the pharmaceutical industry.
In the pollination process, the male plants with the strongest growth vigor, the largest blossoming, the highest pollen yield and the highest pollen density are selected as much as possible, so that the same male parent pollinates as many female parents as possible, and seeds with excellent and uniform genetic shapes are obtained. The pollen collection in step four is carried out in an environment with low humidity, because the pollen can die rapidly when the humidity is higher than 75%.
In the fifth step of the embodiment, when pollen of male flowers is adopted for pollination, 600-800 seeds can be obtained from each plant; when the flowering male plant is adopted for pollination, more than 1 thousand seeds can be produced from each plant, and the pollination seed setting rate of the hemp in the pharmaceutical industry is improved.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial pollination method of cannabis sativa in pharmaceutical industry, which is characterized in that the artificial pollination method is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, sample selection:
selecting male and female plants of the same variety of medical industrial cannabis sativa as pollination samples;
selecting male plants, and planting separately:
distinguishing female plants and male plants from a pollination sample, and transferring the male plants to an isolation greenhouse for independent cultivation;
thirdly, management before pollination:
after 2-3 weeks of flower buds of the male plants germinate, the male flowers gradually open, the fan is closed in the isolation greenhouse, the humidity in the greenhouse is kept at 50% -65%, when the inflorescence of the male plants changes from green to yellow, irrigation is reduced, the opening of the male flowers is accelerated, and the flowering male plants are obtained;
fourthly, pollen collection and storage:
when the male flower is opened and the calyx is opened, cutting the inflorescence of the male flower from the flowering male plant, placing the inflorescence in a drying container to dehydrate pollen, inverting the inflorescence and knocking the inflorescence to drop the pollen in the container, and sealing the container and storing the pollen of the male flower at a low temperature;
fifthly, pollination:
when pollen from male flowers is used for pollination, the process is as follows: after the female plant buds germinate, entering a full-bloom stage, dipping male flower pollen, smearing on the female stamen heads repeatedly for 2-5 times within 2-3 days, controlling the temperature of a pollination environment to be 22-26 ℃ and the humidity to be 50-65%, and completing pollination of inflorescences;
when pollination is performed with a flowering male plant, the procedure is as follows: the female plant is positioned in a pollination greenhouse, the male plant which blooms in the third step is transferred into the pollination greenhouse, the environmental temperature of the pollination greenhouse is controlled to be 22-26 ℃, the humidity is 50% -65%, a fan is started, branches of the male plant are knocked, pollen is scattered onto a pistil stigma along with wind for first pollination, and second pollination is carried out after 3-4 days, so that the pollination of inflorescences is completed;
sixthly, after pollination of the female plant inflorescence, cultivating until the seeds are mature, and completing artificial pollination of the hemp in the pharmaceutical industry.
2. The artificial pollination method of cannabis sativa used in pharmaceutical industry according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, when the cannabis sativa used in pharmaceutical industry grows for 4-6 weeks, the female plant and the male plant are distinguished, the inflorescence primordium form growing at the joint of the new leaves and the main stem of the plants is distinguished, the inflorescence primordium of the female plant is pear-shaped and has white villus; the inflorescence primordia of the male plants carry pollen sacs.
3. The method for artificially pollinating cannabis sativa L.in pharmaceutical industry according to claim 1, wherein the male plant in step three is applied with potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer at the early stage of budding.
4. The method of artificially pollinating cannabis sativa used in pharmaceutical industry according to claim 1, wherein pollen is dropped into the container in the fourth step, and then the pollen is sieved to remove impurities.
5. The artificial pollination method of cannabis sativa L.in pharmaceutical industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the male flower pollen is preserved for 3 months at 0-5 ℃ in step four.
6. The artificial pollination method of cannabis sativa L.in pharmaceutical industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the male pollen is preserved for 12 months at-20 ℃ to-18 ℃ in step four.
7. The method for artificially pollinating hemp used in pharmaceutical industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, pollen of male flowers is dipped with a brush or cotton.
8. The artificial pollination method of cannabis sativa used in pharmaceutical industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pollination greenhouse in step five is covered with isolation cloth around and on the top of a rectangular frame, and the length x width x height of the pollination greenhouse is (2-2.5) x (2.2-2.5).
9. The artificial pollination method of cannabis sativa used in pharmaceutical industry according to claim 1, wherein in step five, a male plant in the pollination greenhouse is located in the middle of the greenhouse, and 6-7 female plants are placed around the greenhouse.
10. The artificial pollination method of cannabis sativa L.in pharmaceutical industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the female plant in step six is cultivated for 4-6 weeks after inflorescence pollination until the seed is mature.
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| CN114303820A (en) * | 2022-02-06 | 2022-04-12 | 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for efficiently producing female hemp seeds in pharmaceutical industry |
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