CN106332772A - Hybrid seed production method of flax - Google Patents
Hybrid seed production method of flax Download PDFInfo
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- CN106332772A CN106332772A CN201610715760.XA CN201610715760A CN106332772A CN 106332772 A CN106332772 A CN 106332772A CN 201610715760 A CN201610715760 A CN 201610715760A CN 106332772 A CN106332772 A CN 106332772A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of seed production of flax, especially to a hybrid seed production method of flax. The method comprises the following steps: respectively sowing male parent and female parent of flax, hill-dropping as a seeding method according to the ratio of one row of male parent and three rows of female parent; respectively planting 1-2 rows of oilseed rape around a land and in the middle of the land; carrying out pollination on the female parent and then removing male parent; and harvesting flax cenospecies after flax growth. According to the hybrid seed production method of flax, the male parent and female parent of flax are sowed by the hill-dropping mode so as to effectively prevent the male parent and female parent from being easily doped. By planting oilseed rape for attracting honeybee for pollination, hybridization efficiency of the male parent and female parent is enhanced. The male parent is removed after pollination, thus raising purity of the cenospecies during harvesting, achieving a good ventilation effect, being beneficial to growth of the female parent, enhancing edge growth effects, preventing lodging and increasing yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to linum production of hybrid seeds field, in particular to a kind of cross-breeding method of linum.
Background technology
Linum, annual herb plant, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, be suitable to high and cold cool, arid, the sunshine-duration long
Area plantation, in China, linum is the important oil crop in North China, the Northwest.
The cross-breeding method of existing linum, line-spacing is little, easily adulterates between male parent female parent, the purity of hybrid obtaining
Not, and, the yielding poorly of linum kind that be obtained.
In view of this, the special proposition present invention.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cross-breeding method of linum, the method is planted simply, the linum obtaining
Purity of hybrid high, yield is high.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of cross-breeding method of linum, comprises the following steps:
The male parent of linum and female parent are sowed respectively, seeding method adopts bunch planting, sowing sows a line, female parent according to male parent
The ratio sowing 3 row is carried out；
After planting, plant 1-2 row Brassica campestris L in the middle of plot surrounding and plot respectively；
Male parent is removed after the completion of maternal pollination；
Linum grows to results and obtains linum cenospecies.
A kind of cross-breeding method of linum that the present invention provides, is entered to the male parent and female parent of linum by the way of bunch planting
Row sowing, effectively prevent male parent and the problem of maternal easily doping；By planting Brassica campestris L, to attract honey bees pollination, increase father
This hybridization efficiency with female parent；Male parent is removed, the removal of male parent is conducive to improving the purity of cenospecies when harvesting after the completion of pollination,
And it is good to remove male parent ventilation effect, it is more beneficial for maternal growth, strengthens Dominance in border row, prevent from lodging, increase yield.
Further, after planting full covered ground mulch film, then covers the thick soil of one layer of 1.5-2.5cm on mulch film.Existing
Some linum cross-breeding method not covering with plastic film, male parent and maternal growing way are bad；Cover after empirical tests, male parent and planting of maternal
Lid mulch film, during overlay film by the Zhi Geng side on ground, does not stay gap, one layer of thin soil of film overlying, male parent and female parent between film and film
Growth potential is obviously improved, and then provides good basis for the lifting of follow-up hybridization and cenospecies yield.
Further, described mulch film is agricultural black film, and thickness is 0.006-0.009mm.Empirical tests, are covered using agricultural black film
Lid, and the more preferable growth potential strengthening male parent and female parent can be reached using the black film of specific thickness, and basic in trophophase
Without weeding.In general, the mulch film fabric width of employing is 135-150cm.
Preferably, the line-spacing of sowing is 16-18cm, and hill spacing is 14-16cm.So that the distance between strain strain suitably, improves
The utilization rate in soil, keep a full stand of seedings 4,500,000～6,000,000 plants/hm2.
Preferably, seed level 3～4cm during bunch planting, every cave 10-15 grain.
Further, the region that described sowing is selected is: 1950～2200 meters of height above sea level, annual precipitation is at 150～200 millimeters
Arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area.This area is relatively suitable for the growth of linum, and is easily managed.
Further, the plot that described sowing is selected is: soil layer is thick, physical features is flat, moisture in the soil good, avoid linum continuous cropping and meet
Stubble.
Usually, the preceding crop in this soil is Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss, potatoes and other crops, and this soil is avoided continuous cropping and met stubble kind
Plant linum, so planted by interval, the yield of linum can be improved well, and prevent some insect pests.
Further, before described sowing, is applied fertilizer in described plot, rotation ground after fertilising, rotation carries out harrowing behind ground, a kind of farm tools, suppression；
Described fertilising is: farm manure 30～45t/hm2, carbamide 60～75kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300～375kg/hm2With
And potassium sulfate 45～75kg/hm2.
By the fertilising before site preparation, the nutritional need of whole linum trophophase can be ensured well so that linum growing way is good,
The cenospecies yield finally giving is high.
Further, carry out field management in whole linum growth period；
Described field management is: has weeds to get out during mulch film and carries out manpower weeding；Pour water 1 time in squaring period, the fir shape phase sprays
Apply 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder.
By field management, linum Seedling is made preferably to grow, the lifting for Flax Output Index provides good basis.
Further, described female parent is Thermo-sensitive sterile line, not higher than 18 DEG C of temperature when pollinating of blooming.
In the present invention, linum cenospecies can be sub- miscellaneous No. 1 of Gansu Province, and its female parent is sterile line s, male parent is restorer 873；
Sub- miscellaneous No. 2 of Gansu Province, its female parent is sterile line is, male parent is sub- No. 10 of restorer Gansu Province.In addition, linum cenospecies can also be existing for other
Some kinds.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) with respect to existing linum cenospecies producing method for seed be obtained purity of hybrid all below 80%, this
The cross-breeding method of the linum of bright offer, the cenospecies full grains obtaining, purity is high, reaches more than 91%, purity has
Very big raising.
(2) only has 130-140 jin with respect to the yield of the producing method for seed of existing linum cenospecies, the Hu that the present invention provides
The cross-breeding method of fiber crops, yield can reach 230-240 jin, obvious effect of increasing production.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and be not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.Unreceipted concrete in embodiment
Condition person, the condition according to normal condition or manufacturer's suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, are
Can be by the commercially available conventional products bought and obtain.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cross-breeding method of linum, comprises the following steps:
1st, Production Zones Suitable
1950～2200 meters of Zhangye height above sea level, annual precipitation is planted in 150～200 millimeters of arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area.
2nd, selection of land, site preparation
Select that soil layer is thick, physical features is flat, the good plot of moisture in the soil, be advisable with Semen Maydiss, Semen Tritici aestivi, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi crops for rotation, avoid linum
Continuous cropping and meet stubble；
Apply farm manure 30t/hm before rotation ground2, carbamide 70kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 350kg/hm2And potassium sulfate 60kg/
hm2, carry out after rotary tillage harrowing, a kind of farm tools, suppression.
3rd, plastic film mulch
From fabric width 140cm, the full covered ground of agricultural black film of thick 0.008mm, the overlay film time is determined according to soil moisture content；
During overlay film by the Zhi Geng side on ground, between film and film, do not stay gap, one layer of thin soil of film overlying, thickness with 2cm about be advisable.
4th, selected parent combination
Maternal is sterile line s, and this sterile line is that Thermo-sensitive is sterile, bloom pollination when not higher than 18 degrees Celsius of temperature；Father
This is restorer 873.
5th, implantation time, specification
In the sowing of -15 days on the 5th April.Parent unified plantation specification, using the sowing of single file hill-drop drill, seed level 3～4cm, width
The mulch film of wide 140cm sows 8 row, line-spacing 17cm, hill spacing 15cm, and density is 420,000 caves/hm2Left and right, every cave 10-15 grain, keep a full stand of seedings
4500000～5,000,000 plants/hm2.
6th, implantation methods
By the Zhi Geng side on ground, the first row plants male parent (restorer) for plantation, then plants three row female parent (sterile line),
Planted by that analogy；I.e. Parent is planted with 13 row ratio.In addition, all planting 1 in the middle of plot surrounding and plot
Row Brassica campestris L, is beneficial to attraction honey bees pollination.
7th, remove male parent
Remove male parent after the completion of pollination in time, from the beginning of the first row, remove male parent by order during plantation.The going of male parent
Remove and be conducive to improving purity；Remove male parent ventilation effect good, be more beneficial for maternal growth, strengthen Dominance in border row, prevent from lodging.
Linum throughout the growing season carries out field management, particularly as follows: have weeds to get out during mulch film carrying out manpower weeding, existing
The flower bud phase phase pours water 1 time, and the fir shape phase should spray 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder in right amount, prevents from lodging, strengthens drought-resistant ability, promotes
Grouting, increases grain weight, improves yield.
Linum field major part stalk blade substantially turns yellow and comes off, and capsule turns yellow, when seed is hardening, you can no reveal in fine day
Harvest during water.
It is computed, the yield of the miscellaneous No. 1 linum cenospecies in every mu of Gansu Province Asia is 230 jin, its full seed, and undope male parent, pure
Spend for 91%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cross-breeding method of linum, comprises the following steps:
1st, Production Zones Suitable
1950～2200 meters of Zhangye height above sea level, annual precipitation is planted in 150～200 millimeters of arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area.
2nd, selection of land, site preparation
Select that soil layer is thick, physical features is flat, the good plot of moisture in the soil, be advisable with Semen Maydiss, Semen Tritici aestivi, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi crops for rotation, avoid linum
Continuous cropping and meet stubble；
Apply farm manure 45t/hm before rotation ground2, carbamide 60kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300kg/hm2And potassium sulfate 45kg/
hm2, carry out after rotary tillage harrowing, a kind of farm tools, suppression.
3rd, plastic film mulch
From fabric width 140cm, the full covered ground of agricultural black film of thick 0.006mm, the overlay film time is determined according to soil moisture content；
During overlay film by the Zhi Geng side on ground, between film and film, do not stay gap, one layer of thin soil of film overlying, thickness with 2cm about be advisable.
4th, selected parent combination
Maternal is sterile line s, and this sterile line is that Thermo-sensitive is sterile, bloom pollination when not higher than 18 degrees Celsius of temperature；Father
This is restorer 873.
5th, implantation time, specification
In the sowing of -15 days on the 5th April.Parent unified plantation specification, using the sowing of single file hill-drop drill, seed level 3～4cm, width
8 row sowed by the mulch film of wide 140cm, and line-spacing is 16cm, hill spacing 14cm, and density is 420,000 caves/hm2Left and right, every cave 10-15 grain, protect
5,000,000～5,500,000 plants/hm of Seedling2.
6th, implantation methods
By the Zhi Geng side on ground, the first row plants male parent (restorer) for plantation, then plants three row female parent (sterile line),
Planted by that analogy；I.e. Parent is planted with 13 row ratio.In addition, all planting 2 in the middle of plot surrounding and plot
Row Brassica campestris L, is beneficial to attraction honey bees pollination.
7th, remove male parent
Remove male parent after the completion of pollination in time, from the beginning of the first row, remove male parent by order during plantation.The going of male parent
Remove and be conducive to improving purity；Remove male parent ventilation effect good, be more beneficial for maternal growth, strengthen Dominance in border row, prevent from lodging.
Linum throughout the growing season carries out field management, particularly as follows: have weeds to get out during mulch film carrying out manpower weeding, existing
The flower bud phase phase pours water 1 time, and the fir shape phase should spray 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder in right amount, prevents from lodging, strengthens drought-resistant ability, promotes
Grouting, increases grain weight, improves yield.
Linum field major part stalk blade substantially turns yellow and comes off, and capsule turns yellow, when seed is hardening, you can no reveal in fine day
Harvest during water.
It is computed, the yield of the miscellaneous No. 1 linum cenospecies in every mu of Gansu Province Asia is 235 jin, its full seed, and undope male parent, pure
Spend for 92%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cross-breeding method of linum, comprises the following steps:
1st, Production Zones Suitable
1950～2200 meters of Zhangye height above sea level, annual precipitation is planted in 150～200 millimeters of arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area.
2nd, selection of land, site preparation
Select that soil layer is thick, physical features is flat, the good plot of moisture in the soil, be advisable with Semen Maydiss, Semen Tritici aestivi, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi crops for rotation, avoid linum
Continuous cropping and meet stubble；
Apply farm manure 35t/hm before rotation ground2, carbamide 75kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 375kg/hm2And potassium sulfate 75kg/
hm2, carry out after rotary tillage harrowing, a kind of farm tools, suppression.
3rd, plastic film mulch
From fabric width 150cm, the full covered ground of agricultural black film of thick 0.007mm, the overlay film time is determined according to soil moisture content；
During overlay film by the Zhi Geng side on ground, do not stay gap, one layer of thin soil of film overlying between film and film, thickness is about 1.5-2.5cm.
4th, selected parent combination
Maternal is sterile line s, and this sterile line is that Thermo-sensitive is sterile, bloom pollination when not higher than 18 degrees Celsius of temperature；Father
This is sub- No. 10 of restorer Gansu Province.
5th, implantation time, specification
In the sowing of -15 days on the 5th April.Parent unified plantation specification, using the sowing of single file hill-drop drill, seed level 3～4cm, width
The mulch film of wide 150cm sows 8 row, line-spacing 18cm, hill spacing 16cm, and density is 420,000 caves/hm2Left and right, every cave 10-15 grain, keep a full stand of seedings
4500000～5,000,000 plants/hm2.
6th, implantation methods
By the Zhi Geng side on ground, the first row plants male parent (restorer) for plantation, then plants three row female parent (sterile line),
Planted by that analogy；I.e. Parent is planted with 13 row ratio.In addition, all planting 2 in the middle of plot surrounding and plot
Row Brassica campestris L, is beneficial to attraction honey bees pollination.
7th, remove male parent
Remove male parent after the completion of pollination in time, from the beginning of the first row, remove male parent by order during plantation.The going of male parent
Remove and be conducive to improving purity；Remove male parent ventilation effect good, be more beneficial for maternal growth, strengthen Dominance in border row, prevent from lodging.
Linum throughout the growing season carries out field management, particularly as follows: have weeds to get out during mulch film carrying out manpower weeding, existing
The flower bud phase phase pours water 1 time, and the fir shape phase should spray 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder in right amount, prevents from lodging, strengthens drought-resistant ability, promotes
Grouting, increases grain weight, improves yield.
Linum field major part stalk blade substantially turns yellow and comes off, and capsule turns yellow, when seed is hardening, you can no reveal in fine day
Harvest during water.
It is computed, the yield of the miscellaneous No. 2 linum cenospecies in every mu of Gansu Province Asia is 237 jin, and its full seed, and undope father
This, purity is 93%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of cross-breeding method of linum, comprises the following steps:
1st, Production Zones Suitable
1950～2200 meters of Zhangye height above sea level, annual precipitation is planted in 150～200 millimeters of arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area.
2nd, selection of land, site preparation
Select that soil layer is thick, physical features is flat, the good plot of moisture in the soil, be advisable with Semen Maydiss, Semen Tritici aestivi, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi crops for rotation, avoid linum
Continuous cropping and meet stubble；
Apply farm manure 45t/hm before rotation ground2, carbamide 75kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 375kg/hm2And potassium sulfate 75kg/
hm2, carry out after rotary tillage harrowing, a kind of farm tools, suppression.
3rd, plastic film mulch
From fabric width 135cm, the full covered ground of agricultural black film of thick 0.008mm, the overlay film time is determined according to soil moisture content；
During overlay film by the Zhi Geng side on ground, between film and film, do not stay gap, one layer of thin soil of film overlying, thickness with 2cm about be advisable.
4th, selected parent combination
Maternal is sterile line s, and this sterile line is that Thermo-sensitive is sterile, bloom pollination when not higher than 18 degrees Celsius of temperature；Father
This is restorer 873.
5th, implantation time, specification
In the sowing of -15 days on the 5th April.Parent unified plantation specification, using the sowing of single file hill-drop drill, seed level 3～4cm, width
The mulch film of wide 135cm sows 7 row, line-spacing 16cm, hill spacing 14cm, every cave 10-15 grain, and keep a full stand of seedings 5,500,000～6,000,000 plants/hm2.
6th, implantation methods
By the Zhi Geng side on ground, the first row plants male parent (restorer) for plantation, then plants three row female parent (sterile line),
Planted by that analogy；I.e. Parent is planted with 13 row ratio.In addition, all planting 2 in the middle of plot surrounding and plot
Row Brassica campestris L, is beneficial to attraction honey bees pollination.
7th, remove male parent
Remove male parent after the completion of pollination in time, from the beginning of the first row, remove male parent by order during plantation.The going of male parent
Remove and be conducive to improving purity；Remove male parent ventilation effect good, be more beneficial for maternal growth, strengthen Dominance in border row, prevent from lodging.
Linum throughout the growing season carries out field management, particularly as follows: have weeds to get out during mulch film carrying out manpower weeding, existing
The flower bud phase phase pours water 1 time, and the fir shape phase should spray 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder in right amount, prevents from lodging, strengthens drought-resistant ability, promotes
Grouting, increases grain weight, improves yield.
Linum field major part stalk blade substantially turns yellow and comes off, and capsule turns yellow, when seed is hardening, you can no reveal in fine day
Harvest during water.
It is computed, the yield of the miscellaneous No. 1 linum cenospecies in every mu of Gansu Province Asia is 240 jin, its full seed, and undope male parent, pure
Spend for 95%.
In addition, the cenospecies cultivated in the present invention can also be other linum Hybrids.
The cross-breeding method of the linum being provided by the present invention, the quality and yield of the cenospecies obtaining all has very big
Lifting, with respect to existing output increased all more than 70%, obvious effect of increasing production, purity is also significantly improved.
The method of existing hybrid seeding is: Planting Row Distance is 12-13cm, is sowed, after planting not by the way of broadcasting sowing
Overlay film, other conditions are basically identical with the embodiment of the present invention.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but it will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's
Many other changes can be made in the case of spirit and scope and change.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including all such changes and modifications belonging in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cross-breeding method of linum is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
The male parent of linum and female parent are sowed respectively, seeding method adopts bunch planting, sowing sows a line, maternal sowing according to male parent
The ratio of 3 row is carried out；
After planting, plant 1-2 row Brassica campestris L in the middle of plot surrounding and plot respectively；
Male parent is removed after the completion of maternal pollination；
Linum grows to results and obtains linum cenospecies.
2. the cross-breeding method of linum according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that after planting full covered ground mulch film,
Then one layer of soil is covered on mulch film.
3. the cross-breeding method of linum according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described mulch film is agricultural black film, is adopted
The thickness of mulch film is 0.006-0.009mm.
4. linum according to claim 1 cross-breeding method it is characterised in that sowing line-spacing be 16-18cm, cave
Away from for 14-16cm.
5. the cross-breeding method of linum according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that seed level 3～4cm, every cave during bunch planting
10-15 grain.
6. the linum according to any one of claim 1-5 cross-breeding method it is characterised in that described sowing select
Region is: 1950～2200 meters of height above sea level, annual precipitation 150～200 millimeters arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area.
7. the cross-breeding method of linum according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that the plot that described sowing is selected is:
Soil layer is thick, physical features is flat, moisture in the soil good, avoid linum continuous cropping and meet stubble.
8. linum according to claim 7 cross-breeding method it is characterised in that sowing before to described plot apply fertilizer,
Rotation ground after fertilising, rotation carries out harrowing behind ground, a kind of farm tools, suppression；
Described fertilising is: farm manure 30～45t/hm2, carbamide 60～75kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300～375kg/hm2And sulfur
Sour potassium 45～75kg/hm2.
9. the cross-breeding method of linum according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that carry out in whole linum growth period
Field management；
Described field management is: has weeds to get out during mulch film and carries out manpower weeding；Pour water 1 time in squaring period, the fir shape phase sprays
15% paclobutrazol wettable powder.
10. the cross-breeding method of linum according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described female parent is sterile for Thermo-sensitive
System, not higher than 18 DEG C of temperature when pollinating of blooming.
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| CN109349098A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-19 | 长江大学 | A kind of cotton hybrid seed production method |
| CN111742838A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-09 | 黑龙江润地汉麻科技有限公司 | Artificial pollination method for medical industrial hemp |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106718003A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-31 | 镇江市丹徒区艺之林林果专业合作社 | A kind of flax and the strip cropping implantation methods of fern fiber crops |
| CN109349098A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-19 | 长江大学 | A kind of cotton hybrid seed production method |
| CN111742838A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-09 | 黑龙江润地汉麻科技有限公司 | Artificial pollination method for medical industrial hemp |
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