CN109349098A - A kind of cotton hybrid seed production method - Google Patents
A kind of cotton hybrid seed production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109349098A CN109349098A CN201811322369.9A CN201811322369A CN109349098A CN 109349098 A CN109349098 A CN 109349098A CN 201811322369 A CN201811322369 A CN 201811322369A CN 109349098 A CN109349098 A CN 109349098A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/027—Apparatus for pollination
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cotton hybrid seed production methods, selection including cotton seeds, selection plot site preparation, flowering plant and the alternate plantation of cotton seeds and put honey bees pollination in a suitable place to breed.Cotton hybrid seed production method provided by the invention, by the selection of cotton seeds, plot site preparation, flowering plant and cotton seeds it is alternate plantation and put in a suitable place to breed honey bees pollination and etc. combine closely, the method that traditional artificial emasculation hybrid seeding can be substituted, and can sufficiently hybridize between cotton plants, also improve the natural outcrossing of cotton；Compared with traditional artificial emasculation method, method of the invention is easy to operate, time and labour saving, and breeding cost reduces one times or so, also significantly reduces labor intensity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to a kind of cotton hybrid seed production method.
Background technique
The production and application of cotton crossbreed have played raising output of cotton, improvement quality, enhancing resistance etc. important
Effect.However, the production method of cotton crossbreed mainly uses the producing method for seed (accounting for 90% or more) of artificial emasculation pollination at present.
As the labor cost of Cotton in China main producing region and surrounding area rises year by year, cenospecies production cost improves year by year, lead
The Seed enterprises for causing many to be engaged in producing seeds of hybrid cotton are hard to carry on, to be unfavorable for the further large-scale promotion benefit of hybrid cotton
With.
Artificial emasculation is process the most cumbersome in cotton crossbreed, needs a large amount of labour.According to blooming for cotton
Habit, there has been proposed the utilization ways of different cotton hybrid vigors, and there are commonly nuclear male sterility two line methods, cytoplasm
Male sterility three line method and chemical emasculation method etc..The two line method in China, three line method and chemical emasculation method are all very promising, though
These right producing method for seed have their own characteristics each and advantage, but drawback is also very prominent.Two line method needs repeatedly to identify during the production of hybrid seeds
50% fertile plant is pulled out, link is cumbersome, more time-consuming；Elite restorer line parent management of the three line method due to strong restoring force
Scarcity, cross combination apolegamy limited by parent's quantity, and strong superior hybrid crosses breeding is difficult；Chemical Castration Technology is also killed
Male agent and environment influence and show different sensibility, and the stability of gametocidal effect is still to be improved.In contrast, it manually goes
Male method is the main path that current large area utilizes cotton hybrid vigor, is that cotton heterosis utilization area is most so far both at home and abroad
Greatly, the best approach of effect.Cotton " manual detasseling method " hybrid seeding, exactly using manually by the hero in the bud that will be bloomed
Stamen is peeled off, and recycling manually awards the pollen of other cotton plants on the colored column cap of this piece, thus the system for the advantage that hybridizes
Kind method, advantage have the characteristics that the combined sorting period is short, parental apolegamy range is wide.But using artificial emasculation, pollination
Method produces cotton crossbreed, and not only process is tedious for emasculation, also generally existing time-consuming, large labor intensity and high production cost
The problem of, limit the utilization and development of cotton hybrid vigor.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned technical deficiency, a kind of cotton hybrid seed production method is proposed, solve existing skill
Process is tedious, time-consuming, large labor intensity and the technical issues of high production cost for emasculation in art.
To reach above-mentioned technical purpose, technical solution of the present invention provides a kind of cotton hybrid seed production method, including as follows
Step:
S1. 4~6 kinds of not cotton variety of critical defect or the mixing of the seed of strain are selected；Simultaneous selection July 15~
The seed of September flowering plant on the 15th is spare；
S2. the plot of cotton was not planted before selection, the plot was carried out in conjunction with base fertilizer within 5~7 days prior to seeding deep
It turns over and site preparation；
S3. in mid or late April, according to 500~1200 plants/per acre, line-spacing is 0.9~1.1m, and spacing in the rows is 0.9~1.1m's
Cropping pattern sowing cotton seed, surrounding when sowing in the plot reserve two rows as protection row respectively, and the protection is gone
Not sowing cotton seed；It is sowed according to the florescence of the flowering plant, the flowering plant and cotton use alternate plantation, line-spacing
For 0.8~1.2m, the cropping pattern that spacing in the rows is 0.4~0.7m is sowed, in the upper all plantation flowering plants of protection row；
The S4.7 middle of the month to late September puts honeybee in a suitable place to breed in the plot for having planted cotton and flowering plant and pollinates.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect comprise that
1, cotton hybrid seed production method provided by the invention, by the selection of cotton seeds, plot site preparation, flowering plant and
Cotton seeds it is alternate plantation and put in a suitable place to breed honey bees pollination and etc. combine closely, traditional artificial emasculation hybrid seeding can be substituted
Method, and can sufficiently hybridize between cotton plants, also improve the natural outcrossing of cotton；
2, compared with traditional artificial emasculation method, method of the invention is easy to operate, time and labour saving, and breeding cost reduces
One times or so, also significantly reduce labor intensity.
Specific embodiment
A kind of cotton hybrid seed production method is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) when cotton harvesting, 4~6 kinds of cottons without the critical defects such as damaged, rotten the selection of cotton seeds: are selected
The mixing of the seed of kind or strain；Simultaneous selection luxuriant vegetable seeds of blooming between 15 days~September 15th July is spare；
(2) site preparation: not planting the plot of cotton before selection, combines base fertilizer within 5~7 days before mid or late April sowing
Soil is carried out to plough deeply cultivated and site preparation, ploughed depth is 25~30cm, after plot soil is turned over uniformly, waters suitable quantity of water and keeps soil
Earth is wet, covers mulch；
(3) it seeding method: after the cotton seeds elected in step (1) seed soaking, is sowed in mid or late April, according to 500
~1200 plants/per acre, line-spacing is 0.9~1.1m, and the cropping pattern that spacing in the rows is 0.9~1.1m is sowed, plot surrounding point when sowing
Not Yu Liu two rows as protection row, protect capable not sowing cotton seed；According to the florescence of flowering plant, broadcast in due course
Kind, flowering plant and cotton use line-spacing for 0.8~1.2m by the way of alternate plantation, and spacing in the rows is the plantation of 0.4~0.7m
Mode sowing, meanwhile, flowering plant is all planted on reserved protection row；
(4) it post-processing: after cotton and flowering plant plantation, applied fertilizer, irrigated and disease pest using conventional method
Harmful prevention and treatment；Mid-July to late September puts honeybee in a suitable place to breed in the plot for having planted cotton and flowering plant and pollinates, puts honey in a suitable place to breed
No longer applying pesticides in field after bee.
Further, cotton variety or the seed of strain include maternal group and male parent group, maternal group and male parent group according to 1~
The ratio of 1.5:1 is mixed, and to improve hybridization Boll probability, improves the yield of the production of hybrid seeds；Cotton variety or the seed of strain in addition to
Outside kind or strain except cenospecies, the kind or strain of other types be can choose, wherein maternal group can select Hubei Province
Anti- 13, Hubei Province chaste tree No. 1 equal high yields, stable yields and the excellent cotton variety or strain of resistance Comprehensive Traits outstanding, male parent group can be with
Select the strong knot bell such as DP410B, KC160, resistance cotton variety outstanding or strain.
Further, flowering plant can choose any one in sesame, buckwheat or sunflower, be bloomed using these types
Plant can not only attract honeybee, moreover it is possible to which the economic benefit for improving plantation further decreases the cost of plantation.
Further, in step (3) according to 600 plants/per acre, line-spacing 1m, spacing in the rows be 1m cropping pattern sowing cotton
Seed；According to the planting density plant cotton, ventilation and penetrating light is good, not only contributes to the growth of cotton, can also be improved hybridization
Boll probability.
Further, protecting capable line-spacing is 0.8~1.2m.
Further, every 5 mu of fields put 1~3 cage honeybee in a suitable place to breed and pollinate in step (4), and the quantity of every cage honeybee is 1~
30000, in the range, it can increase the natural outcrossing of cotton.
Base fertilizer in the above method common nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer when being field planting cotton；The processing of cotton seeds and after
The same crop field of control stategy of the fertilising of phase, irrigation and pest and disease damage.
Cotton hybrid seed production method provided in this embodiment is also an option that the production of hybrid seeds in greenhouse.
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
A variety of materials as used in the following examples, are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1:
(1) selection of cotton seeds: when preceding stubble cotton harvesting, Hubei Province without the critical defects such as damaged, rotten is selected respectively
Anti- 13 and Hubei Province chaste tree No. 1 as maternal group, DP410B and KC160 are as male parent group, maternal group and male parent group according to the ratio of 1.2:1
It is mixed, and Hubei Province anti-13 and No. 1 mixed in equal amounts of Hubei Province chaste tree, DP410B and KC160 also mixed in equal amounts；Simultaneous selection seed is full,
Damaged sesame seed is not spare；
(2) site preparation: selection soil layer is deep, topography is flat, draining irrigation conditions is good and does not plant the ground of cotton before
Block, 6 days combination base fertilizer plough deeply to plot cultivated before mid or late April sowing, and ploughed depth 25cm turns over plot soil
After uniformly, waters suitable quantity of water and keep ground moistening, cover mulch；
(3) it seeding method: after the cotton seeds elected in step (1) seed soaking, is sowed in mid or late April, according to 600
Strain/per acre, line-spacing and spacing in the rows are the cropping pattern sowing of 1m, and plot surrounding reserves two rows as protection row, protection row respectively
Line-spacing be 1m, protect capable not sowing cotton；Late May sows sesame seed, and sesame and cotton use the side of alternate plantation
Formula uses line-spacing for 1m, and the cropping pattern that spacing in the rows is 0.5m is sowed, meanwhile, upper sesame is all planted on reserved protection row；
(4) it post-processing: after the cotton and sesame plantation, applied fertilizer, irrigated and pest and disease damage using conventional method
Prevention and treatment；Mid-July, every 5 mu of fields place 2 cage honeybees and pollinate, and the quantity of every cage honeybee is about 1.5 ten thousand, places honey
No longer applying pesticides in field after bee, until late September removes beehive.
Embodiment 2:
(1) selection of cotton seeds: when preceding stubble cotton harvesting, Hubei Province without the critical defects such as damaged, rotten is selected respectively
Anti- 13 and Hubei Province chaste tree No. 1 as maternal group, DP410B and KC160 as male parent group, maternal group and male parent group according to 1:1 ratio into
Row mixing, and Hubei Province anti-13 and No. 1 mixed in equal amounts of Hubei Province chaste tree, DP410B and KC160 also mixed in equal amounts；Simultaneous selection seed is full, does not have
There is damaged buckwheat seed spare；
(2) site preparation: selection soil layer is deep, topography is flat, draining irrigation conditions is good and does not plant the ground of cotton before
Block, 5 days combination base fertilizer plough deeply to plot cultivated before mid or late April sowing, and ploughed depth 30cm turns over plot soil
After uniformly, waters suitable quantity of water and keep ground moistening, cover mulch；
(3) it seeding method: after the cotton seeds elected in step (1) seed soaking, is sowed in mid or late April, according to 700
Strain/per acre, line-spacing 1.1m, the cropping pattern that spacing in the rows is 0.9m is sowed, and plot surrounding reserves two rows as protection row respectively, is protected
The line-spacing of shield row is 0.8m, protects capable not sowing cotton；Early June sows buckwheat seed, and buckwheat and cotton use alternate kind
The mode of plant uses line-spacing for 1.2m, and the cropping pattern that spacing in the rows is 0.7m is sowed, meanwhile, whole kinds on reserved protection row
Buckwheat in plant；
(4) it post-processing: after the cotton and buckwheat plantation, applied fertilizer, irrigated and pest and disease damage using conventional method
Prevention and treatment；Mid-July, every 5 mu of fields place 1 cage honeybee and pollinate, and the quantity of every cage honeybee is about 30,000, places honeybee
No longer applying pesticides in field afterwards, until late September removes beehive.
Embodiment 3:
(1) selection of cotton seeds: when preceding stubble cotton harvesting, Hubei Province without the critical defects such as damaged, rotten is selected respectively
Anti- 13 and Hubei Province chaste tree No. 1 as maternal group, DP410B and KC160 are as male parent group, maternal group and male parent group according to the ratio of 1.05:1
Example is mixed, and Hubei Province anti-13 and No. 1 mixed in equal amounts of Hubei Province chaste tree, DP410B and KC160 also mixed in equal amounts；Simultaneous selection seed is full
Full, damaged sesame seed is not spare；
(2) site preparation: selection soil layer is deep, topography is flat, draining irrigation conditions is good and does not plant the ground of cotton before
Block, 7 days combination base fertilizer plough deeply to plot cultivated before mid or late April sowing, and ploughed depth 30cm turns over plot soil
After uniformly, waters suitable quantity of water and keep ground moistening, cover mulch；
(3) seeding method: after the cotton seeds elected in step (1) seed soaking, sowing in mid or late April, according to
1200 plants/per acre, line-spacing and spacing in the rows are the cropping pattern sowing of 0.9m, and plot surrounding reserves two rows as protection row respectively,
The line-spacing of protection row is 1.2m, protects capable not sowing cotton；Late May sows sesame seed, and sesame is with cotton using alternate
The mode of plantation uses line-spacing for 0.8m, and the cropping pattern that spacing in the rows is 0.4m is sowed, meanwhile, on reserved protection row all
Sesame in plantation；
(4) it post-processing: after the cotton and sesame plantation, applied fertilizer, irrigated and pest and disease damage using conventional method
Prevention and treatment；Mid-July, every 5 mu of fields place 3 cage honeybees and pollinate, and the quantity of every cage honeybee is about 1.5 ten thousand, places honey
No longer applying pesticides in field after bee, until late September removes beehive.
Comparative example 1:
Using the method plant cotton of conventional artificial emasculation pollination, used cotton variety and management in comparative example 1
Method is same as Example 1.
Detect different disposal group cenospecies yield, and the entire production of hybrid seeds of calculating per acre in Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1
The process average amount of labour used per acre daily, the results are shown in Table 1.
1 Examples 1 to 3 of table and the production of hybrid seeds effect of comparative example 1 compare
| The average daily amount of labour used (hour) per acre | Cenospecies yield (kilogram) per acre | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1 | 122 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1 | 115 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1 | 117 |
| Comparative example 1 | 8 | 113 |
As it can be seen from table 1 can substantially reduce labour's investment using cotton hybrid seed production method of the invention, say
Bright cotton hybrid seed production method provided by the invention does not need artificial emasculation, artificial compared with the method for current artificial emasculation
Pollination, saves the time to a greater degree, reduces breeding cost, and can obtain a large amount of high quality seed.
The above described specific embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..Any basis
Any other various changes and modifications that technical concept of the invention is made should be included in the guarantor of the claims in the present invention
It protects in range.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cotton hybrid seed production method, which comprises the steps of:
S1. 4~6 kinds of not cotton variety of critical defect or the mixing of the seed of strain are selected；Simultaneous selection 15 days~September in July
The seed of flowering plant on the 15th is spare；
S2. the plot for not planting cotton before selection, plough deeply to the plot cultivated for 5~7 days in conjunction with base fertilizer prior to seeding
And site preparation；
S3. in mid or late April, according to 500~1200 plants/per acre, line-spacing is 0.9~1.1m, and spacing in the rows is the plantation of 0.9~1.1m
Mode sowing cotton seed, surrounding when sowing in the plot reserve two rows as protection row respectively, and the protection is capable not to be broadcast
Kind cotton seeds；It is sowed according to the florescence of the flowering plant, the flowering plant and cotton use alternate plantation, and line-spacing is
0.8~1.2m, the cropping pattern that spacing in the rows is 0.4~0.7m are sowed, in the upper all plantation flowering plants of protection row；
The S4.7 middle of the month to late September puts honeybee in a suitable place to breed in the plot for having planted cotton and flowering plant and pollinates.
2. cotton hybrid seed production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seed of the cotton variety or strain
Including maternal group and male parent group, the female parent group and the male parent group mix according to the ratio of 1~1.5:1.
3. cotton hybrid seed production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the flowering plant is sesame, buckwheat
Or any one in sunflower.
4. cotton hybrid seed production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S3 according to 600 plants/it is every
Mu, line-spacing 1m, spacing in the rows are the cropping pattern sowing cotton seed of 1m.
5. cotton hybrid seed production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described protection row line-spacing be 0.8~
1.2m。
6. cotton hybrid seed production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that every 5 mu of fields are put in the step S4
It supports 1~3 cage honeybee to pollinate, the quantity of every cage honeybee is 1~30,000.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111972281A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-24 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | Breeding method of cotton nuclear sterile dual-purpose line |
| CN111972282A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-24 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | Production method of cotton genic male sterile dual-purpose line hybrid seeds |
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