CN103621277B - Method for cultivating peonies for oil - Google Patents
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- CN103621277B CN103621277B CN201310379138.2A CN201310379138A CN103621277B CN 103621277 B CN103621277 B CN 103621277B CN 201310379138 A CN201310379138 A CN 201310379138A CN 103621277 B CN103621277 B CN 103621277B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of flower cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating peonies for oil. The method comprises the steps that sandy soil is laid in a greenhouse, pH is adjusted, and fertilization and sterilization are carried out; selected peony plants for the oil are planted with row spacing*line spacing of 30cm*50cm; hoeing and topdressing are carried out in the growing period of the peonies for the oil, indoor air ventilation and light transmission are kept, insect killing and sterilization are carried out, chlormequat chloride is sprayed, the flower head of each plant is covered with a plastic bag for 2-3 days, and then a plurality of small holes are pricked in each plastic bag with needles; in the florescence, the plastic bags on the flower heads of the plants are removed, gibberellins and daminozide are sprayed on pistils and stamens respectively, pollinating insects are placed in the greenhouse, temperature, illumination time and ventilation time in the greenhouse are controlled, and meanwhile hand pollination is carried out; fallen leaves are swept away in time, and are burned up or buried deeply in a centralized mode. According to the method, the growing conditions of the peonies for the oil are improved, meanwhile, the pollination success rate in the florescence of the peonies for the oil is increased, and therefore the seed setting rate is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flower cultivation technical field, particularly relate to the breeding method of a kind of oil with tree peony.
Background technology
Tree peony is perennial woody plant, and " purple plague purpura " tree peony is suitable for In The Semi-drought Region of Northern, and " Feng Dan " tree peony is suitable for the Yangtze river basin, whole nation You20Duo Ge provinces and cities are applicable to plantation oil plant tree peony, 2,000,000 mu, average each province, cultivated area can reach 4,000 ten thousand mu, and peony seeds output can reach 1,000 ten thousand tons.China is the country of edible oil materials dependence on external supply more than 60%, urgently domestic oil crop diversification plantation.Tree peony edible oil is edible oil best in the world, and be rich in a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids in peony seed oil, unsaturated fatty acid content is up to more than 92%.In addition, peony seed oil has the functions such as health care, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and can make iundustrial oil, iundustrial oil is very extensive simultaneously.But the cultivation mode of existing oil plant tree peony is simple, extensive, and Setting percentage is not high.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention has designed and developed the breeding method of a kind of oil with tree peony, and object is to improve the growth conditions of oil with tree peony, strengthens pollination success rate simultaneously, thus improve Setting percentage at oil with the flowering stage of tree peony.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is:
An oil breeding method for tree peony, comprising:
Step one, in greenhouse, lay the high and dry sand 60 ~ 80cm faced south, and regulate the pH of sand to be 6.8 ~ 7.5, soil deep tillage 30 ~ 40cm, every mu of barnyard manure 1200 ~ 1300 kilograms used 160 ~ 180 kilograms of cake fertilizer or become thoroughly decomposed, 40 ~ 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, as base fertilizer, apply 10 ~ 15 kilograms of phoxim granules and 4 ~ 5 kilograms of carbendazim as soil insect-killing bactericide simultaneously;
Step 2, the high oil peony plant of the oil yield 800 times of tmtd immersion 5 ~ 10min will selected in mid-September to mid-October are that 30cm × 50cm plants with spacing in the rows × line-spacing after drying;
Step 3, at oil with carrying out the vegetative period of tree peony hoing the fields, topdressing, ventilation and penetrating light in holding chamber, sooner or later respectively to ventilate once, each 20 ~ 40min, and at early and middle ten days in February, spray carbendazim 500 times of liquid, whole ground will be covered during sprinkling; At the beginning of 3 months, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim granule 10 ~ 15 kilograms; At the beginning of 4 months, within 5 ~ 6 days before the florescence, spray the stocky element of 80% thiophanate methyl, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid and 370 ~ 420ppm, and the fresh idea plastic sack of every strain plant is covered 2 ~ 3 days, make the growth temperature of fresh idea higher than the temperature in greenhouse 3 ~ 5 DEG C, within 1 ~ 2 day, on plastic sack, prick out multiple aperture with pin afterwards, ensure air circulation, remove a strain plant every a strain, be transplanted in another greenhouse; During flowering stage mid-April to mid-May, extract the plastic sack in plant fresh idea, the gibberellin of the gynoecium spraying 110 ~ 120ppm of each strain fresh idea, the alar-85 of the stamen spraying 600 ~ 800ppm of each strain fresh idea, puts into greenhouse by insect pollinator, and the temperature controlled in greenhouse is 23 ~ 25 DEG C, and the prolonging light time is 18 ~ 20h, carry out artificial pollination, the morning, noon and afternoon respectively ventilate once simultaneously, each 30 ~ 50min; Late May, every 10 ~ 13 days, spray carbendazim, thiophanate methyl or a chlorothalonil 600 ~ 800 times of liquid;
Step 4, late October blade withered after, clean fallen leaves in time, and concentrate and to burn or buried.
Preferably, described oil with in the breeding method of tree peony, in described step 3 oil plant with tree peony after First Year do not topdress, Second Year starts to topdress every year twice.
Preferably, described oil is with in the breeding method of tree peony, and first time topdresses before and after the Spring Equinox, uses 60 ~ 70 kilograms of composite fertilizers for every mu, and second time, before entering the winter, uses 180 ~ 190 kilograms of cake fertilizer for every mu, 20 ~ 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers.
Preferably, described oil is with in the breeding method of tree peony, and in described step 3, oil needs dark hoe before flowering with tree peony, and the degree of depth is 6 ~ 7cm, and Post flowering wants shallow hoe, and severity control is at 1.5 ~ 2cm.
Preferably, described oil is with in the breeding method of tree peony, oil with tree peony when planting, insert ground with the spade that width is 20cm, do not open that a width is 5 ~ 10cm, the degree of depth is the gap of 25 ~ 30cm, respectively put into a strain oil at two ends, gap and use tree peony seedling, make collar portion lower than ground level 2 ~ 3cm, keep root to unfold, then tread and make root soil contiguity, the low bank of earth between fields of Feng Chenggao 13 ~ 17cm by row after planting.
Oil of the present invention is with in the breeding method of tree peony, the Precise Control of Oil growth conditions of tree peony, different vegetative stages uses different fertilizer and insecticidal bactericide, and before flowering stage, fresh idea plastic sack is covered, to improve the growth temperature of plant fresh idea, and the stocky element of spraying, be conducive to the growth of pistil; In flowering stage respectively to the gynoecium of every strain fresh idea and the plant hormone of stamen spraying variable concentrations, i.e. gibberellin and alar-85, stimulate the quick growth of gynoecium and stamen, by regulating temperature, light application time and the ventilation time in greenhouse, strengthen the probability that insect pollinator successfully pollinates, and indirect labor's pollination, because plant fresh idea well-grown is beneficial to pollination, thus improve Setting percentage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the oil of the present invention breeding method of tree peony.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a kind of oil breeding method of tree peony, comprising:
Step one, in greenhouse, lay the high and dry sand 60 ~ 80cm faced south, sand is loose ventilative, draining is good, and regulate the pH of sand to be 6.8 ~ 7.5, soil deep tillage 30 ~ 40cm, every mu of barnyard manure 1200 ~ 1300 kilograms used 160 ~ 180 kilograms of cake fertilizer or become thoroughly decomposed, 40 ~ 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, as base fertilizer, apply 10 ~ 15 kilograms of phoxim granules and 4 ~ 5 kilograms of carbendazim as soil insect-killing bactericide simultaneously;
Step 2, in mid-September to mid-October by large for the amount of setting seeds selected, that oil yield is high, wide adaptability, growth potential are strong oil peony plant 800 times of tmtd immersion 5 ~ 10min, for effectively utilizing soil, be that 30cm × 50cm plants with spacing in the rows × line-spacing after drying;
Step 3, at oil with carrying out the vegetative period of tree peony hoing the fields, topdressing, go out and cut weeds, Meteorological effect, ventilation and penetrating light in holding chamber, sooner or later respectively to ventilate once, each 20 ~ 40min, and at early and middle ten days in February, spray carbendazim 500 times of liquid, during sprinkling, whole ground will be covered; At the beginning of 3 months, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim granule 10 ~ 15 kilograms; At the beginning of 4 months, within 5 ~ 6 days before the florescence, spray the stocky element of 80% thiophanate methyl, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid and 370 ~ 420ppm, and the fresh idea plastic sack of every strain plant is covered 2 ~ 3 days, make the growth temperature of fresh idea higher than the temperature in greenhouse 3 ~ 5 DEG C, within 1 ~ 2 day, on plastic sack, prick out multiple aperture with pin afterwards, ensure air circulation, a strain plant is removed every a strain, be transplanted in another greenhouse, also can be used as the stock of ornamental peonies grafting, remainder continues management as oil with tree peony; During flowering stage mid-April to mid-May, extract the plastic sack in plant fresh idea, the gibberellin of the gynoecium spraying 110 ~ 120ppm of each strain fresh idea, the alar-85 of the stamen spraying 600 ~ 800ppm of each strain fresh idea, puts into greenhouse by insect pollinator, and the temperature controlled in greenhouse is 23 ~ 25 DEG C, and the prolonging light time is 18 ~ 20h, carry out artificial pollination, the morning, noon and afternoon respectively ventilate once simultaneously, each 30 ~ 50min; Late May, every 10 ~ 13 days, spray carbendazim, thiophanate methyl or a chlorothalonil 600 ~ 800 times of liquid, because oil is fleshy root with tree peony, not water-fast wet, should ensure that draining is dredged, avoid ponding, should not often water, but still need to water in right amount time arid especially;
Step 4, late October blade withered after, clean fallen leaves in time, and concentrate and to burn or buried, to reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect in the coming year.
Described oil with in the breeding method of tree peony, in described step 3 oil plant with tree peony after First Year do not topdress, Second Year starts to topdress every year twice.
Described oil is with in the breeding method of tree peony, and first time topdresses before and after the Spring Equinox, uses 60 ~ 70 kilograms of composite fertilizers for every mu, and second time, before entering the winter, uses 180 ~ 190 kilograms of cake fertilizer for every mu, 20 ~ 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers.
Described oil is with in the breeding method of tree peony, and in described step 3, oil needs dark hoe before flowering with tree peony, and the degree of depth is 6 ~ 7cm, and Post flowering wants shallow hoe, and severity control is at 1.5 ~ 2cm.
Described oil is with in the breeding method of tree peony, oil with tree peony when planting, ground is inserted with the spade that width is 20cm, do not open that a width is 5 ~ 10cm, the degree of depth is the gap of 25 ~ 30cm, respectively put into a strain oil at two ends, gap and use tree peony seedling, make collar portion lower than ground level 2 ~ 3cm, root is kept to unfold, then tread and make root soil contiguity, the low bank of earth between fields of Feng Chenggao 13 ~ 17cm by row after planting, in order to heat and moisture preserving.
Embodiment 1
Step one, in greenhouse, lay the high and dry sand 60cm faced south, sand is loose ventilative, draining is good, and regulate the pH of sand to be 6.8, soil deep tillage 30cm, use 170 kilograms of cake fertilizer for every mu, 40 kilograms of composite fertilizers, as base fertilizer, apply 10 kilograms of phoxim granules and 4 kilograms of carbendazim as soil insect-killing bactericide simultaneously;
Step 2, in mid-September to mid-October by the red peony plant of large for the amount of setting seeds selected, that oil yield is high, wide adaptability, growth potential are strong phoenix 800 times of tmtd immersion 5min, for effectively utilizing soil, be that 30cm × 50cm plants with spacing in the rows × line-spacing after drying;
Step 3, plant after First Year do not topdress, Second Year starts to topdress every year twice, first time topdresses before and after the Spring Equinox, uses 60 kilograms of composite fertilizers for every mu, and second time is before entering the winter, use 180 kilograms of cake fertilizer for every mu, 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers, need dark hoe before blooming, the degree of depth is 6cm, Post flowering wants shallow hoe, severity control, at 1.5cm, goes out and cuts weeds, Meteorological effect, ventilation and penetrating light in holding chamber, sooner or later respectively ventilate once, each 20min, and at early and middle ten days in February, spray carbendazim 500 times of liquid, during sprinkling, whole ground will be covered; At the beginning of 3 months, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim granule 10 kilograms; At the beginning of 4 months, the stocky element of 80% thiophanate methyl, 600 times of liquid and 370ppm was sprayed in first 5 days of florescence, and the fresh idea plastic sack of every strain plant is covered 2 days, make the growth temperature of fresh idea higher than the temperature in greenhouse 3 DEG C, within 1 day, on plastic sack, prick out multiple aperture with pin afterwards, ensure air circulation, a strain plant is removed every a strain, be transplanted in another greenhouse, also can be used as the stock of ornamental peonies grafting, remainder continues management as oil with tree peony; During flowering stage mid-April to mid-May, extract the plastic sack in plant fresh idea, the gibberellin of the gynoecium spraying 110ppm of each strain fresh idea, the alar-85 of the stamen spraying 600ppm of each strain fresh idea, puts into greenhouse by insect pollinator, and the temperature controlled in greenhouse is 23 DEG C, and the prolonging light time is 18h, carry out artificial pollination, the morning, noon and afternoon respectively ventilate once simultaneously, each 30min; Late May, every 10 days, spray a carbendazim 600 times of liquid, because oil is fleshy root with tree peony, not water-fast wet, should ensure that draining dredge, avoids ponding, should not often water, but still need to water in right amount time arid especially;
Step 4, late October blade withered after, clean fallen leaves in time, and concentrate and to burn or buried, to reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect in the coming year, the red tree peony of phoenix product seed per mu 280 kilograms, Setting percentage improves 12%.
Embodiment 2
Step one, in greenhouse, lay the high and dry sand 80cm faced south, sand is loose ventilative, draining is good, and regulate the pH of sand to be 7.5, soil deep tillage 40cm, use the barnyard manure 1200 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed for every mu, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, as base fertilizer, apply 15 kilograms of phoxim granules and 5 kilograms of carbendazim as soil insect-killing bactericide simultaneously;
Step 2, in mid-September to mid-October by large for the amount of setting seeds selected, that oil yield is high, wide adaptability, growth potential are strong Paeonia papaveracea plant 800 times of tmtd immersion 10min, for effectively utilizing soil, be that 30cm × 50cm plants with spacing in the rows × line-spacing after drying;
Step 3, plant after First Year do not topdress, Second Year starts to topdress every year twice, first time topdresses before and after the Spring Equinox, uses 70 kilograms of composite fertilizers for every mu, and second time is before entering the winter, use 190 kilograms of cake fertilizer for every mu, 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers, need dark hoe before blooming, the degree of depth is 7cm, Post flowering wants shallow hoe, severity control, at 2cm, goes out and cuts weeds, Meteorological effect, ventilation and penetrating light in holding chamber, sooner or later respectively ventilate once, each 40min, and at early and middle ten days in February, spray carbendazim 500 times of liquid, during sprinkling, whole ground will be covered; At the beginning of 3 months, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim granule 15 kilograms; At the beginning of 4 months, the stocky element of 80% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid and 420ppm was sprayed in first 6 days of florescence, and the fresh idea plastic sack of every strain plant is covered 3 days, make the growth temperature of fresh idea higher than the temperature in greenhouse 5 DEG C, within 2 days, on plastic sack, prick out multiple aperture with pin afterwards, ensure air circulation, a strain plant is removed every a strain, be transplanted in another greenhouse, also can be used as the stock of ornamental peonies grafting, remainder continues management as oil with tree peony; During flowering stage mid-April to mid-May, extract the plastic sack in plant fresh idea, the gibberellin of the gynoecium spraying 120ppm of each strain fresh idea, the alar-85 of the stamen spraying 800ppm of each strain fresh idea, puts into greenhouse by insect pollinator, and the temperature controlled in greenhouse is 25 DEG C, and the prolonging light time is 20h, carry out artificial pollination, the morning, noon and afternoon respectively ventilate once simultaneously, each 50min; Late May, every 13 days, spray a chlorothalonil 800 times of liquid, because oil is fleshy root with tree peony, not water-fast wet, should ensure that draining dredge, avoids ponding, should not often water, but still need to water in right amount time arid especially;
Step 4, late October blade withered after, clean fallen leaves in time, and concentrate and to burn or buried, to reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect in the coming year, Paeonia papaveracea product seed per mu 300 kilograms, Setting percentage improves 20%.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend described.
Claims (5)
1. an oil breeding method for tree peony, is characterized in that, comprising:
Step one, in greenhouse, lay the high and dry sand 60 ~ 80cm faced south, and regulate the pH of sand to be 6.8 ~ 7.5, soil deep tillage 30 ~ 40cm, every mu of barnyard manure 1200 ~ 1300 kilograms used 160 ~ 180 kilograms of cake fertilizer or become thoroughly decomposed, 40 ~ 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, as base fertilizer, apply 10 ~ 15 kilograms of phoxim granules and 4 ~ 5 kilograms of carbendazim as soil insect-killing bactericide simultaneously;
Step 2, the high oil peony plant of the oil yield 800 times of tmtd immersion 5 ~ 10min will selected in mid-September to mid-October are that 30cm × 50cm plants with spacing in the rows × line-spacing after drying;
Step 3, at oil with carrying out the vegetative period of tree peony hoing the fields, topdressing, ventilation and penetrating light in holding chamber, sooner or later respectively to ventilate once, each 20 ~ 40min, and at early and middle ten days in February, spray carbendazim 500 times of liquid, whole ground will be covered during sprinkling; At the beginning of 3 months, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim granule 10 ~ 15 kilograms; At the beginning of 4 months, within 5 ~ 6 days before the florescence, spray the stocky element of 80% thiophanate methyl, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid and 370 ~ 420ppm, and the fresh idea plastic sack of every strain plant is covered 2 ~ 3 days, make the growth temperature of fresh idea higher than the temperature in greenhouse 3 ~ 5 DEG C, within 1 ~ 2 day, on plastic sack, prick out multiple aperture with pin afterwards, ensure air circulation, remove a strain plant every a strain, be transplanted in another greenhouse; During flowering stage mid-April to mid-May, extract the plastic sack in plant fresh idea, the gibberellin of the gynoecium spraying 110 ~ 120ppm of each strain fresh idea, the alar-85 of the stamen spraying 600 ~ 800ppm of each strain fresh idea, puts into greenhouse by insect pollinator, and the temperature controlled in greenhouse is 23 ~ 25 DEG C, and the prolonging light time is 18 ~ 20h, carry out artificial pollination, the morning, noon and afternoon respectively ventilate once simultaneously, each 30 ~ 50min; Late May, every 10 ~ 13 days, spray carbendazim, thiophanate methyl or a chlorothalonil 600 ~ 800 times of liquid;
Step 4, late October blade withered after, clean fallen leaves in time, and concentrate and to burn or buried.
2. the oil breeding method of tree peony as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 3 oil plant with tree peony after First Year do not topdress, Second Year starts to topdress every year twice.
3. the oil breeding method of tree peony as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, first time topdresses before and after the Spring Equinox, uses 60 ~ 70 kilograms of composite fertilizers for every mu, and second time, before entering the winter, uses 180 ~ 190 kilograms of cake fertilizer for every mu, 20 ~ 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers.
4. the oil breeding method of tree peony as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, oil needs dark hoe before flowering with tree peony, and the degree of depth is 6 ~ 7cm, and Post flowering wants shallow hoe, and severity control is at 1.5 ~ 2cm.
5. the breeding method of tree peony of the oil as described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that, oil with tree peony when planting, insert ground with the spade that width is 20cm, do not open that a width is 5 ~ 10cm, the degree of depth is the gap of 25 ~ 30cm, respectively put into a strain oil at two ends, gap and use tree peony seedling, make collar portion lower than ground level 2 ~ 3cm, keep root to unfold, then tread and make root soil contiguity, the low bank of earth between fields of Feng Chenggao 13 ~ 17cm by row after planting.
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