CN102884919A - High-efficiency planting mode of spring greenhouse arrowhead multi-cropping summer young garlic - Google Patents
High-efficiency planting mode of spring greenhouse arrowhead multi-cropping summer young garlic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency planting mode of spring greenhouse arrowhead multi-cropping summer young garlic. The specific process comprises the following steps of: selecting a piece of land which is away from a pollution source and has an area of over 66.7 hm<2> as a production place for environment-friendly foods, i.e., arrowhead and young garlic, wherein the environment quality (atmosphere, soil and irrigation water) of the land is required to meet the standard formulated by China Green Food Development Center; performing tracking monitoring; plowing up and sunning the upturned soil before winter; mellowing the soil; applying sufficient basal fertilizer; performing soil preparation to form rectangular pieces of land; starting to raise seedlings of the early-matured arrowheads from the middle ten days and the last ten days of February (the middle of the first month according to lunar calendar); transplanting in the middle ten days and the last ten days of March (before Tomb-sweeping Day); draining accumulated water in the filed before June; harvesting in the first ten days of July to sell; after harvesting previous crops of early garlic, plowing up and sunning the upturned soil; mellowing the soil; applying sufficient basal fertilizer; seeding in the last ten days of July and at the beginning of August; and selling at the end of September and at the beginning of October. Since a high-efficiency three-dimensional cultivation method of the spring greenhouse arrowhead multi-cropping summer young garlic is adopted, and meanwhile, temperature and illumination adjustment are performed by adopting facilities, the natural space and temperature, light, water, air and fertilizer resources can be fully and rationally utilized, the land utilization rate is increased, the pest and disease damage is reduced, and high-grade and safe agricultural products are produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of planting technology of booth fruits and vegetables, particularly a kind of cultivation method of aquatic vegetable arrowhead multiple cropping volt garlic sprouts.
Background technology
In recent years, utilize the technology of the precocious arrowhead of booth production and volt garlic sprouts to obtain certain application in certain limit.Booth arrowhead plantation that can be existing can only be planted one batch in 1 year in the coastal area, northern Suzhou, and is unit mainly with single household greatly again, and cultivated area is little, and per unit area yield is low, and annual planting benefit is not high; Simultaneously, soil and the ecotope of traditional garlic sprouts plantation do not add control, this height of Pest management medicine, and control efficiency is poor, and environmental pollution is heavier, and arrowhead, garlic sprouts yield poorly, cost high, and product quality and benefit are difficult to be guaranteed.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art part, the invention provides a kind of environmental protection, high-quality, volume increase, utilize booth to produce the implantation methods of aquatic vegetable arrowhead and vegetables in improper season volt garlic sprouts efficiently.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: select pollution source far away, area at 66.7hm
2Above soil is as pollution-free food arrowhead, the garlic sprouts place of production, and its environmental quality (atmosphere, soil and irrigation water) must meet the standard that GFDC is worked out, the line trace of going forward side by side monitoring, ploughed before winter and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, vegetable soil uses sufficient base manure, the bedding of whole ground; Precocious thatch eats since mid or late Febuary (the positive 15th day of a month of the lunar calendar) and grows seedlings, and mid or late March (before clear and bright) is transplanted, and puts dried Tanaka's ponding late June the around, by the end of June the early July listing of gathering; Early garlic namely ploughs after front stubble results and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and vegetable soil uses sufficient base manure, the bedding of whole ground, directly sowing of trench digging at the beginning of 8 months late Julies, listing at the beginning of 10 months by the end of September.
Above-mentioned precocious arrowhead selects soil property good, soft fertile but be grown to suitable on the clay that soil layer is not too dark with draining.Variety adoption: arrowhead is selected Baoying County's kinds such as the yellow arrowhead of the white arrowhead of Lao Wu, Suzhou of speaking with an accent; Garlic is selected Da Feng Huang in March or Sichuan Er Shui early.
Above-mentioned farming and intensive fertilising are to deep plough in the winter time to freeze upturned soil, about tilling depth 30cm, so that soil-ripening; After mid-February, first the soil of ploughing is raked, whole thin, accomplish that Panasonic is real, then bedding; The land for growing field crops is take fertilizer as main, every 667m
2Decomposed dung 2500-3500kg is executed in the land for growing field crops, or organic commercial fertilizer 500kg, and other adds diammonium phosphate 25-30kg, potassium sulphate 20-30kg; Reserve the booth furrow face about wide cut 6m.Garlic root is shallow, absorb the fertilizer ability a little less than, the intensive fertilising of volt garlic requires should use sufficient fertilizer before the plantation.General 667m
2Make base manure after executing become thoroughly decomposed night soil or chicken manure 1500～2500kg, 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, 30～40kg stack retting.
Above-mentioned arrowhead is grown seedlings and adopts the multilayer coverage mode of two booths+middle canopy or outer booth+middle canopy+little shed, grows seedlings about the wide 5m of outer canopy, rises 2-2.3m, covers the water conservation insulation more than three layers and urgees long; The cultivation canopy can be selected wide 6m, rises 2.5m steelframe booth or wide 4.5m, rises canopy in the 2m bamboo frame; Precocious thatch ate from late Febuary, carried out cuttage by 6 * 6cm seeding row spacing with terminal bud in the deep river silt of 5cm, every 667m
2The land for growing field crops needs about standby arrowhead terminal bud 20kg.2cm buries in transplant depth requirement terminal bud the 3rd joint position.Every 667m is transplanted by spacing in the rows 25cm wide-and narrow-row (wide row space 1m, little line-spacing 0.5m) in the arrowhead land for growing field crops
2Plant about 3200 strains.Rear stubble multiple cropping summer culture garlic sprouts, the selection of planting garlic must select in same kind that the garlic ball is large, garlic clove is large, solid, without the damage by disease and insect person.In about mid-July, the garlic kind (peelling off bad distinguishing and cane) that strips is put in 5 ℃ of freezers, with the garlic kind through 7～10 days 5～10 ℃ of low temperature treatment, before plantation, again the garlic kind was soaked 3～5 hours, the garlic kind is expanded, 500 times of rear usefulness 25% powder of carbendazim of slightly drying in the shade are dressed seed, sowing on the same day after the seed dressing.Late July ditches and directly sows, and thickness of sowing is pressed line-spacing 9～10cm, spacing in the rows 2～3cm sowing.General every 667m
2With about kind of 500kg; Required high drill seeding kind, specification is the wide 1.1～1.5m bag of furrow ditch.Broadcast front elder generation and open article one ditch in a side of furrow, after garlic clove is come into line, with the garlic clove in soil covering article one ditch of opening the second ditch.The rest may be inferred, one by one sowing.The reality that tramps with one's feet after broadcasting is watered.Watering can not be too urgent, in order to avoid garlic clove is gone out.Soil moisture content can not water well.Lie prostrate the sun-shading rain-proof shed of garlic sprouts, can continue to use front stubble arrowhead booth, keep teleblem on the canopy, remove the skirt film, add a cover the black sunshade net on the teleblem; Also can add a cover the black sunshade net covering on the furrow face of Mai Jucao surface, when treating neat seedling and young crops top net, again the black sunshade net be removed.
Above-mentioned arrowhead in late Febuary daily mean temperature be stabilized in more than 5 ℃, temperature of shed reaches about 10 ℃ and begins cuttage and seedling culture, the temperature of shed of growing seedlings normally remains on more than 10 ℃, the dark soil temperature of 10cm 12-13 ℃ and more than, the depth of water keeps about 3cm; To mid or late March, in the time of minimum air temperature 8-10 outside the canopy ℃, temperature of shed reaches about 14 ℃, and arrowhead can carry out Field planting; Temperature of shed remains on 15-35 ℃ after the field planting; Reach about 17 ℃ at daily mean temperature, namely remove the skirt film, simultaneously teleblem is added a cover sunshade net, take off night by covering day (after covering the net time and be at 10 in the morning at 3 in afternoon) suitably controlled light to promote arrowhead to expand and precocious.The volt garlic sprouts notes taking the way breaking dormancy of low temperature treatment, and its specific requirement is to place 5-10 ℃ of freezer with bamboo frame or breathable plastic cloth bag, low temperature treatment 7～10 days (the dry garlic kind time should be grown, and should lack through the wet kind of chemicals treatment).Dry garlic kind again with garlic kind immersion 3～5 hours, expands the garlic kind before plantation, 500 times of rear usefulness 25% powder of carbendazim of slightly drying in the shade are dressed seed, sowing on the same day after the seed dressing, and dressing seed before the low temperature treatment, then outbound is namely broadcast.
Above-mentioned 2～3 leaf phases of arrowhead impose loose stool water 1～2 time, and the later stage of growing seedlings is noted the hardening of ventilating, and require the diligent filling of shallow water after the arrowhead field planting, keep shoaling layer after planting, shallow putting after one week, arrowhead form when bulb begins to expand and heavily put the field, put the field degree and are advisable with the sunken pin in field.Full-bloom stage topdresses 1 time again, executes urea 10kg for every mu and adds potassium sulphate 10-15kg, notes timely weeding and divests strong yellow leaf and part lateral bud on the plant, strengthens the field permeability, can put by the end of June and do Tanaka's ponding, the early July listing of gathering.The volt garlic sprouts is after planting then at furrow face tiling one deck wheat straw (every 667m
2About about 800kg), keep teleblem and sunshade net at the frame of former Gates's wild rice, the moisturizing cooling promotes to emerge (broadcast rear temperature of shed and remain on about 35 ℃, relative moisture is not less than 80%).The rear chance high temperature and drought of emerging in the morning or water at dusk, according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, in 2～3 leaf phases, is executed urea 5～7.5kg with water for per 667 square metres.Increase anti-dose of 100～150 times of liquid every 5～7 days with full rich 500～800 times of liquid or 83 of favour and spray, promote the growth of garlic leaf.Impose in the 3-4 leaf phase and once to send out seed manure, 667m
2Execute rare animal manure water 1000kg and add urea 6-8kg.
The present invention is owing to adopt large-area greenhouse gardening technology, and from select the place of production, crops for rotation and kind, grow seedlings, the links such as intensive fertilising, field management control, thereby be easy to unified planning and management, fertilizing amount and agricultural chemicals usage amount have been reduced, output is high, cost is low, profitable, and the arrowhead garlic sprouts seedling that produces meets the non-polluted farm product standard.
Embodiment
Present embodiment take at the northern Suzhou garden spot as example.
1, arrangement of time: precocious arrowhead (spring booth arrowhead) was grown seedlings since mid or late Febuary (being the positive 15th day of a month of the lunar calendar), and mid or late March (clear and bright before) transplant planting is put dried Tanaka's ponding late June the around, by the end of June the early July listing of gathering; Early garlic was sowed at the beginning of 8 months late Julies, and stubble is risen in listing at the beginning of 10 months mid or late Septembers.
2, variety adoption: arrowhead is selected Baoying County's kinds such as the yellow arrowhead of the white arrowhead of Lao Wu, Suzhou of speaking with an accent; Garlic is selected Da Feng Huang in March or Sichuan Er Shui early.
3, cultivation main points: should select the field of the non-garlic of previous crops or other green onion garlic classes, soil property is good, soft fertile but be grown to suitable on the clay that soil layer is not too dark with draining.Precocious arrowhead is carrying out cuttage by 6 * 6cm seeding row spacing with terminal bud about mid or late Febuary, every 667m in the deep river silt of 5cm
2The land for growing field crops needs about standby arrowhead terminal bud 20kg.Transplant depth requires terminal bud the 3rd joint position 2cm that buries, and the depth of water keeps about 3cm, and it is short long to add medium and small pair of canopy water conservation insulation.The temperature of shed of growing seedlings normally remains on this more than 10 ℃.The land for growing field crops is take fertilizer as main, every 667m
2Decomposed dung 2500-3500kg is executed in the land for growing field crops, or organic commercial fertilizer 500kg, and other adds diammonium phosphate 25-30kg, potassium sulphate 20-30kg; The land for growing field crops of planting covers booth, the bamboo canopy of can adopt that 6m is wide, the steelframe booth of rising 2.5m or 4.5m are wide, rising 2m, the arrowhead seedling is in mid or late March is transplanted to booth, and every 667m is transplanted by spacing in the rows 25cm wide-and narrow-row (wide row space 1m, little line-spacing 0.5m) in the land for growing field crops
2Plant about 3200 strains, daytime, temperature of shed remained on about 30 ℃, the adjusting of will ventilating above 35 ℃, (front and back in the Beginning of summer) throw off booth skirt film at the beginning of 5 months, arrowhead during to flowering stage teleblem add a cover sunshade net (after covering the net time and be at 10 in the morning at 3 in afternoon), keep shoaling layer after planting, shallow putting after the week, arrowhead forms and heavily puts field, a large amount of pumping stolons of favourable plant when bulb begins to expand; Putting the field degree is advisable with the sunken pin in field.In time weeding and divest strong yellow leaf and part lateral bud on the plant, enhancing field permeability.The Sheng of the blooming phase sees that seedling topdresses, and generally adds potassium sulphate 10-15kg with urea 10kg, and the later stage is kept shallow water, keeps the needs of expansion of corms.Common disease and pest mainly contains arrowhead pinta, arrowhead (real ball smut) smut, and insect pest mainly contains lotus Rhopalosiphum spp, snout moth's larva etc., can be with 1500 times of liquid of 15% triadimefon to disease; 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl; 500600 times of liquid of 36% thiophanate-methyl suspending agent; 2300 times of liquid controls of 9,0%0,000 clever pulvis; Can be respectively with 70% precious 5000 times of water dispersants of lid or 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 40% Rogor control to insect pest.Snout moth's larva can prevent and treat with 600-800 times of liquid spraying of 25% desinsection list.Can put by the end of June and do Tanaka's ponding, the early July listing of gathering, per mu yield is at 800-1000kg, and mu is flat to be taken in more than 4000 yuan.Garlic sprouts (volt garlic sprouts): at the summer culture garlic sprouts, the selection of planting garlic must select in same kind that the garlic ball is large, garlic clove is large, solid, without the damage by disease and insect person.In about mid-July, the garlic kind (peelling off bad distinguishing and cane) that strips is put in 5 ℃ of freezers, with the garlic kind through 7～10 days 5～10 ℃ of low temperature treatment, before plantation, again the garlic kind was soaked 3～5 hours, the garlic kind is expanded, 500 times of rear usefulness 25% powder of carbendazim of slightly drying in the shade are dressed seed, sowing on the same day after the seed dressing.Generally carried out water furrow planting at the beginning of 8 months late Julies, thickness of sowing is pressed line-spacing 9～10cm, spacing in the rows 2～3cm sowing.General every 667m
2With about kind of 500kg; Garlic root is shallow, absorb the fertilizer ability a little less than, should use sufficient fertilizer before the plantation.General 667m
2Make base manure after executing become thoroughly decomposed night soil or chicken manure 1500～2500kg, 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, 30～40kg stack retting.Required high drill seeding kind, specification is the wide 1.1～1.5m bag of furrow ditch.First open article one ditch in a side of furrow, after garlic clove is come into line, with the garlic clove in soil covering article one ditch of opening the second ditch.The rest may be inferred, one by one sowing.The reality that tramps with one's feet after broadcasting is watered.Watering can not be too urgent, in order to avoid garlic clove is gone out.Soil moisture content can not water well.Per 667 square metres of next day execute the field with 33% and mend 100～150ml and be watered 40kg and the furrow face evenly sprayed management of weeds.Then at furrow face tiling one deck wheat straw (every 667m
2About about 800kg), covered with sunshade net on the frame, the moisturizing cooling promotes to emerge (broadcast rear temperature of shed and remain on about 35 ℃, relative moisture is not less than 80%).The rear chance high temperature and drought of emerging, in the morning or water at dusk, according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, at 2～3 leaf phases, every 667m
2Execute urea 5～7.5kg with water.Increase anti-dose of 100～150 times of liquid every 5～7 days with full rich 500～800 times of liquid or 83 of favour and spray, promote the growth of garlic leaf.Impose in the 3-4 leaf phase and once to send out seed manure, 667m
2Execute rare animal manure water 1000kg and add urea 6-8kg.Volt garlic sprouts Major Diseases has virus disease, black spot etc., and Major Pests has thrips, aphid and root maggot etc.Disease control: the diseased plant that infects virus disease should be pulled out early, and notes preventing and kill off aphid and thrips, in order to avoid virus spread, 1000 times of liquid of available 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) spray in addition.The black spot initial stage of origination, available 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder and 800 times of mixed liquors of 75% tpn wetting powder spray.Thrips can be sprayed with 4000 times of liquid of 20% Kang Fuduo.Aphid can be sprayed with 5000 times of liquid of 70% precious lid water dispersant.Discovery garlic maggot is caused harm, and selects 800 times of liquid of 50% phoxim or 48% happy these 1500 times of liquid irrigating roots to kill maggot.Generally at the beginning of 10 months, can go on the market (the volt garlic sprouts generally is Harvesting Date about 60 days after broadcasting) general 667m by the end of September
2Produce garlic sprouts 1700～2000kg, the mu income is about 6000 yuan.
Claims (6)
1. the high-efficient planting patterns of a spring booth arrowhead multiple cropping volt garlic sprouts,, it is characterized in that: select pollution source far away, area is at 66.7hm
2Above soil is as pollution-free food arrowhead, the garlic sprouts place of production, and its environmental quality (atmosphere, soil and irrigation water) must meet the standard that GFDC is worked out, the line trace of going forward side by side monitoring, ploughed before winter and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, vegetable soil uses sufficient base manure, the bedding of whole ground; Precocious thatch eats arrowhead and selects Baoying County's kinds such as the white arrowhead of Lao Wu, the yellow arrowhead in Suzhou of speaking with an accent; Grow seedlings since mid or late Febuary (the positive 15th day of a month of the lunar calendar), mid or late March (before clear and bright) is transplanted, and puts dried Tanaka's ponding late June the around, by the end of June the early July listing of gathering; Early garlic is selected Da Feng Huang in March or Sichuan Er Shui early, namely ploughs after front stubble results and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and vegetable soil uses sufficient base manure, the bedding of whole ground, directly sowing of trench digging at the beginning of 8 months late Julies, listing at the beginning of 10 months by the end of September.
2. a kind of spring booth arrowhead multiple cropping according to claim 1 lies prostrate the high-efficient planting patterns of garlic sprouts, it is characterized in that: precocious arrowhead (spring booth arrowhead) was grown seedlings since mid or late Febuary (being the positive 15th day of a month of the lunar calendar), mid or late March (before clear and bright) transplant planting, put around the late June and do Tanaka's ponding, by the end of June the early July listing of gathering; Early garlic was sowed at the beginning of 8 months late Julies, and stubble is risen in listing at the beginning of 10 months mid or late Septembers.
3. the high-efficient planting patterns of a kind of spring booth arrowhead multiple cropping volt garlic sprouts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: arrowhead is selected Baoying County's kinds such as the white arrowhead of Lao Wu, the yellow arrowhead in Suzhou of speaking with an accent; Garlic is selected Da Feng Huang in March or Sichuan Er Shui early.
4. the high-efficient planting patterns of a kind of spring booth arrowhead multiple cropping volt garlic sprouts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the field that should select the non-garlic of previous crops or other green onion garlic classes.Soil property is good fertile but be grown to suitable on the clay that soil layer is not too dark with draining.The land for growing field crops is take fertilizer as main, before precocious arrowhead is planted, and every 667m
2Decomposed dung 2500-3500kg is executed in the land for growing field crops, or organic commercial fertilizer 500kg, and other adds diammonium phosphate 25-30kg, potassium sulphate 20-30kg; Muck 1500～2000kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg that the general 667m2 of volt garlic sprouts executes matured compost 2000～3000kg or becomes thoroughly decomposed make base manure behind the stack retting.
5. a kind of spring booth arrowhead multiple cropping according to claim 1 lies prostrate the high-efficient planting patterns of garlic sprouts, it is characterized in that: precocious arrowhead adopts booth+medium and small pair of shed or the insulation of three layers of covering of two booth+shed water conservation to grow seedlings, terminal bud carries out cuttage by 6 * 6cm seeding row spacing in the deep river silt of 5cm, every 667m
2The land for growing field crops needs about standby arrowhead terminal bud 20kg.The land for growing field crops of planting covers booth, can adopt the wide steelframe booth of 6m or the wide bamboo canopy of 4.5m, and in booth, every 667m is transplanted by spacing in the rows 25cm wide-and narrow-row (wide row space 1m, little line-spacing 0.5m) in the land for growing field crops to the arrowhead seedling in transplanting mid or late March (before clear and bright)
2Plant about 3200 strains; The volt garlic sprouts is broadcast rear at furrow face tiling one deck wheat straw (every 667m
2About about 800kg), covered with sunshade net on the frame, the moisturizing cooling promotes to emerge.Thickness of sowing is pressed line-spacing 9～10cm, spacing in the rows 2～3cm sowing, general every 667m
2With about kind of 500kg.
6. a kind of spring booth arrowhead multiple cropping according to claim 1 lies prostrate the high-efficient planting patterns of garlic sprouts, it is characterized in that: precocious arrowhead is grown seedlings and field production is then noted the water conservation insulation, and the temperature of shed of growing seedlings normally remains on this more than 10 ℃; Cultivation canopy temperature of shed on daytime is controlled at about 30 ℃, the adjusting of will ventilating above 35 ℃, reach about 17 ℃ at daily mean temperature, namely remove the skirt film, simultaneously teleblem is added a cover sunshade net, take off night by covering day (after covering the net time and be at 10 in the morning at 3 in afternoon) suitably controlled light to promote arrowhead to expand and precocious.Volt garlic sprouts volt garlic sprouts notes taking the way breaking dormancy of low temperature treatment, and its specific requirement is to place 5-10 ℃ of freezer with bamboo frame or breathable plastic cloth bag, low temperature treatment 7～10 days (the dry garlic kind time should be grown, and should lack through the wet kind of chemicals treatment).Dry garlic kind again with garlic kind immersion 3～5 hours, expands the garlic kind before plantation, 500 times of rear usefulness 25% powder of carbendazim of slightly drying in the shade are dressed seed, sowing on the same day after the seed dressing, and dressing seed before the low temperature treatment, then outbound is namely broadcast.Broadcast the moisturizing of rear attention temperature control; Broadcast rear temperature of shed and remain on about 35 ℃, relative moisture is not less than 80%; The rear chance high temperature and drought of emerging in the morning or water at dusk, according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, in 2～3 leaf phases, is executed urea 5～7.5kg with water for per 667 square metres.Increase anti-dose of 100～150 times of liquid every 5～7 days with full rich 500～800 times of liquid or 83 of favour and spray, promote the growth of garlic leaf.
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| CN109548603A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-02 | 镇江市丹徒区澳源食用菌专业合作社 | A kind of arrowhead greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN112640751A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-13 | 黄建华 | Two-crop stereoscopic cultivation method for garlic |
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