CN103026909A - Accelerating culture method of flowering of potted tree peony in New Year's Day - Google Patents
Accelerating culture method of flowering of potted tree peony in New Year's Day Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an accelerating culture method of flowering of potted tree peony in New Year's Day. The accelerating culture method comprises the following steps of: 1, selecting a plant of a tree peony variety with a shallow dormancy characteristic; 2, planting a seedling in a proper time before the New Year's Day; 3, naturally drying in a shadow for 2-5 days; 4, carrying out refrigeratory low-temperature treatment in a refrigerator with a temperature of 3-8 DEG C; 5, carrying out outdoor natural low-temperature treatment under the condition of outdoor natural low temperature; and 6, culturing in a greenhouse until flowering in the New Year's Day. According to the invention, through variety selection, dual-stage low-temperature treatment, hormone treatment and/or cultivation measure regulation and control, the tree peony flowers in the period of New Year's Day and high-quality potted tree peonies can be provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation of plants method, more particularly, the present invention relates to the cultivation method of tree peony.
Background technology
Tree peony, formal name used at school are Paeonia suffruticosa Andr, belong to Paeoniaceae (Paeoniaceae) Paeonia (Paeonia) plant, originate in China, in the history in existing more than 1600 year of China.Hanzhong is the earliest place of artificial cultivation tree peony of China, and the form of its Hua Heye is very alike with Chinese herbaceous peony, so ancient times claims that again tree peony is wooden Chinese herbaceous peony.
Tree peony is with its fine figure, the outstanding characteristic such as flower is very large, pattern is beautiful, color and luster is abundant, be described as " king in spending " and " flower of wealth and rank " by people, fine, happy, lucky and rich and honour symbol is subjected to liking of China people of all nationalities and overseas personage deeply especially.The Peony Ornamental position mainly is flower, and its flower is elegant and poised, splendid to be celebrated.Tree peony can be set up Botanical Garden in park and scenic area; In classical garden and resident's courtyard, build colored platform plantation; Natural style isolated planting, group planting or sheet are planted in Garden Greenland.Also be applicable to arrange colored border, flower bed or lace, perhaps potted plant viewing and admiring is very flexible on using.The root micromicro is used as medicine, and petal can be made wine, and can say, each organ of tree peony all has important economic worth.
In general, originate from the gardening plant of Temperate Region in China, grow in the cycle in its year, generally bloom spring, Xia Qiu carries out flower bud differentiation, and autumn Mo falls leaves, and enters the winter dormancy.And in the situation that some are special, some has the plant of shallow dormancy characteristic and also can realize becoming flower at the non-natural florescence by simple artificial induction.Equally, some Varieties of Peony requirement of low temperature amount is low to have certain shallow dormancy characteristic, through of short duration low temperature induction more in addition artificial regulatory just can realize becoming flower at the non-natural florescence.
The tree peony nature florescence is shorter, often has " grew flower 1 year, and saw Hua Shiri " sorry.In some special major holidays, as being difficult to see elegant and poised peony scene in full bloom in China's traditional festivals such as New Year's Day, National Day and the Spring Festival.If by florescence control, generally can only just can not see the tree peony that blooms in spring.At for example National Day, New Year's Day or Spring Festival, be to can't see the tree peony that blooms on the market.Therefore, for the non-natural florescence in tree peony can be enjoyed the tree peony that blooms, need to tree peony be bloomed in the required time by forcing culture.
CN200810060534.8 discloses a kind of abnormal season flowering artificial des-dormancy method of peony, the method comprises: the outdoor deepfreeze of tree peony dormancy seedling, root immersion, upper basin, water, outdoor foster root, hot-house culture, the measure of watering, root on the described seedling before the basin soaks, and is to soak root with 50 * rooting powder solution; The seedling that described seedling selects 4-5 to give birth to; And outdoor deepfreeze under 0-3 ℃ of temperature; Watering after the described upper basin wherein watered the water yield permeable for watering; Then the 7-10 after the outdoor foster root of back is chosen in basin is individual round the clock.But the method has just overcome uses GA in peony forcing culture
3The deficiency that short flower exists, but can't adopt the method to realize the purpose that tree peony blooms New Year's Day.
CN200510112551.8 discloses a kind of high-efficiency high-quality forcing culture method for tree peony, described method comprises the airing of dormancy seedling, Low Temperature Wet Tibetan, root hydrojet, upper basin, waters, hot-house culture, the measure of watering, it is characterized in that, it also comprises, before basin on the tree peony nursery stock, with the mixed solution spray root that contains gibberellin, 50% carbendazol wettable powder and root-inducing powder, the concentration of above-mentioned three kinds of materials is respectively 100～500mg/L, 500mg/L and 500mg/L.Described high-efficiency high-quality forcing culture method for tree peony, it can also comprise, when the tree peony flower bud development exposes perula to the leaflet petiole, the measure that outside scale and 2-3 sheet bottom leaflet are peeled off.But the method has just overcome artificial loaded down with trivial details operation, can't realize equally the purpose that tree peony blooms New Year's Day.
CN201010605013.3 discloses a kind of method for retarding culturing refrigeration of tree peony, described method is by in being planted in potting media in the flowerpot with peony plant mid-September-mid-October, in basin, support root to January next year, advancing freezer watered once permeable in front 3-6 days, with straw rope part on the basin is twined parcel, get through gas port 4-8 with plastic film parcel and at plastic film afterwards, rear band basin enters Cold storage in the refrigerator.Yet the purpose of the method is to realize that tree peony suppresses cultivation refrigeration, can't realize equally the purpose that tree peony blooms New Year's Day.
CN200510117295.1 discloses a kind of forcing culture method with no soil for peony, and the method comprises: seedbed preparation, nursery stock preparation, temperature control, humidity control, nutritional control, illumination control measure.In its seedbed preparation measures, the cultivation matrix in seedbed can be ventilative soilless substrate.The cultivation matrix in seedbed can form for comprising by the perlite that is arranged in order up and down, haydite, Web materials layer; Wherein the thickness proportion of perlite, haydite can be 20-60: 3-7.But the method mainly solves nutrition problem in the forcing culture by cultivation technique without soil and forcing culture technology.
The applicant's Chinese patent CN200910260950.7 discloses a kind of storage practice of potted peony forcing culture, described storage practice comprise get basin on the seedling, dig pit, lay heat-insulation layer, the step such as earthing and flower forcing processing, adopt described storage practice that potted peony is carried out forcing culture, can reduce the problems such as the few and new root development of floral leaf root out of proportion, new is bad.But the method is only by outdoor low temperature treatment, can't realize the purpose that tree peony blooms New Year's Day.
The applicant's CN201210077211.6 discloses the forcing culture method that a kind of potted peony is bloomed National Day, and described method comprises the steps: 1) choose the autumn and send out the plant of Varieties of Peony; 2) described plant being carried out disleave processes; 3) use the autumn to send out element the bud of the plant of process drought stress is smeared processing, wherein, the described autumn is sent out the gibberellin that element comprises 600mg/L to 900mg/L; 4) upper basin.Yet what the method adopted is the method for sending out tree peony with the Qiu Fasu processing autumn, adopts the method can't make the autumn send out tree peony and blooms on New Year's Day.
CN200910064634.2 discloses a kind of spring festival peony forcing culture method, employing is soaked root or spray root, is carried out stump 10 the middle ten days and the last ten days with indolebutyric acid before going up basin, upper basin in advance, and foster root applies base fertilizer during upper basin in basin, water behind the upper basin 1 time permeable, resting stage does not apply fertilizer.Water once thin solution after the Second Year rudiment in spring, water about later 10-20 days and execute once.In the torridity summer processing of shading.Blooming apart from the Spring Festival entered the greenhouse in 45-60 days, according to the conventional flower-forcing method management of tree peony.Yet the method is just in order to solve the flowering quality problem, and it can't realize the purpose that tree peony blooms New Year's Day equally.
In sum, although some methods relevant with Peony growing especially forcing culture are arranged at present, but in these methods certain methods for example just be used for tree peony take off dormancy, improve the tree peony flowering quality, make tree peony National Day or the Spring Festival flowering time bloom, but these methods can't make tree peony bloom on New Year's Day.Because be one of red-letter day the most great in the world wide New Year's Day, therefore be starved of a kind of method that tree peony was bloomed on New Year's Day that can be effective.
In order to address the above problem, the inventor has passed through long-term research, by kind selection, multistage low temperature treatment, HORMONE TREATMENT and/or cultivation step adjustment, finally can realize the purpose that tree peony is blooming around New Year's Day.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned one or more problems, the invention provides following embodiment.
1, a kind of potted peony forcing culture method of blooming New Year's Day, described method comprises the steps:
1) choosing of Varieties of Peony: select plant from the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic;
2) lifting: at lifting on front 88 days to 95 days of New Year's Day;
3) natural seasoning and upper basin: basin was gone up in natural seasoning in 2 days to 5 days afterwards in the cool;
4) freezer low temperature treatment: behind upper basin 10 days to 15 days, the plant behind the upper basin carried out 10 days to 18 days low temperature treatment in 3 ℃ to 8 ℃ freezer;
5) outdoor low temperature treatment: after described freezer low temperature treatment finishes, carry out 15 days to 23 days outdoor low temperature treatment; With
6) the greenhouse maintenance is to blooming: after described outdoor low temperature treatment finishes, plant is moved into the greenhouse maintenance during the New Year's Day.
2, according to technical scheme 1 described method, wherein, described method also comprises the step that plant is pruned behind lifting, and plant is with naked formal basin.
3, such as technical scheme 1 or 2 described methods, wherein, when carrying out described outdoor low temperature treatment, be with basin to be embedded under the outdoor careless felt plant of upper basin.
4, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 3, wherein, described Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic is ' lily magnolia is shining makes up ' (paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang ') or ' rich and honour full hall ' (paeonia suffruticosa ' fuguimantang ').
5, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 4, wherein, described plant is the plant in strong age of life in 4 to 5 years, and preferred every plant has full terminal bud more than 6 to 10 at least.
6, such as technical scheme 2 described methods, wherein, described training comprises wipes out sick and weak branch, deadwood, old complaint and/or hinders root.
7, such as each described method in the technical scheme 2 to 6, wherein, described training further comprises the lateral bud removal step of the lateral bud below the terminal bud of erasing on the plant branch.
8, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 7, wherein, the root length of plant is 30cm to 35cm during upper basin.
9, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 8, wherein, water once permeable behind the upper basin.
10, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 9, wherein, described the first low temperature treatment is carried out in freezer at 4 ℃.
11, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 10, wherein, described outdoor low temperature treatment is carried out in the following way: will be embedded in through the plant of described freezer low temperature treatment in the hole of digging in advance under the outdoor straw mat, basin surface coverage straw mat, and on straw mat earthing.
12, such as technical scheme 11 described methods, wherein, before basin surface coverage straw mat, basin surface coverage one deck Polypropylence Sheet and with the slit of straw mat plug between basin and basin with the insulation.
13, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 12, wherein, when outdoor low temperature treatment shown in carrying out, branch is exposed.
14, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 13, wherein, described method also further comprises shaping so that each branch of plant has the growing space, thereby makes the plant type rounding.
15, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 14, wherein, when the greenhouse maintenance, do not heat in front 7 to 10 days greenhouses; Then be that 15 ℃ of daytimes and 10 ℃ of nights are until the little windbell phase with the temperature adjusting in greenhouse; Then be that 15 ℃ of daytimes and 13 ℃ of nights are until the large windbell phase with the temperature adjusting in greenhouse; Entering large windbell after date, is 15 ℃ of 25 ℃ of daytimes and nights with the temperature adjusting in greenhouse.
16, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 15, wherein, after plant is moved into the greenhouse, make for 2-3 time the air humidity in greenhouse remain 70% to 90% by spraying water every day.
17, such as each described method in the technical scheme 1 to 16, wherein, after plant is moved into the greenhouse, smear gibberellin at bud, preferred gibberellin concentration is 500mg/L.
The present invention adopts the shallow dormancy kind that the requirement of low temperature amount is low in the tree peony, utilizes the artificial regulatory breaking dormancy, thereby realizes making the purpose of the opening of tree peony during New Year's Day.The inventive method can solve one or more following problems: open during New Year's Day, and solved that floral leaf is out of proportion, root growth is bad (for example some preferred embodiment in, by to upper basin behind the root system pruning, can effectively promote root growth), the inadequate rounding of plant type (such as can effectively promoting each bud to become flower by measures such as shapings at some preferred embodiment, making the plant type rounding).
Embodiment
As mentioned above, the invention provides the method for the potted peony forcing culture of blooming a kind of New Year's Day.
In a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of potted peony forcing culture method that bloom New Year's Day is provided, described method comprises the steps: 1) the choosing of Varieties of Peony: select plant from the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic; 2) lifting: at lifting on front 88 days to 95 days of New Year's Day; 3) natural seasoning and upper basin: basin was gone up in natural seasoning in 2 days to 5 days afterwards in the cool; 4) freezer low temperature treatment: behind upper basin 10 days to 15 days, the plant behind the upper basin carried out 10 days to 18 days low temperature treatment in 3 ℃ to 8 ℃ freezer; 5) outdoor low temperature treatment: after described freezer low temperature treatment finishes, carry out 15 days to 23 days outdoor low temperature treatment; With 6) the greenhouse maintenance is to blooming: after described outdoor low temperature treatment finishes, plant is moved into the greenhouse maintenance during the New Year's Day.
Tree peony is the gardening plant that originates from Temperate Region in China, grows in the cycle in its year, generally in summer-flowering, carries out flower bud differentiation autumn, and autumn Mo falls leaves, and enters the winter dormancy.In order to allow people can during New Year's Day, watch the tree peony that blooms, the present invention is through studying for a long period of time, find that some Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic may be because the lower cause of requirement of low temperature amount also can be bloomed on New Year's Day through certain artificial regulatory measure.
What use in the present invention must be the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic.Some preferred embodiment in, described Varieties of Peony is ' lily magnolia shining make up ' (Paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang ') or ' rich and honour full hall ' (Paeonia suffruticosa ' fuguimantang ').
The present invention is not particularly limited the strain of described Varieties of Peony age, but is preferably the plant in strong age of life in 4 to 5 years.If strain is too small age, then branch nutrition is inadequate, is difficult to into colored; If strain is excessive age, the water difficulty is difficult to into colored on the plant.
In some embodiments, preferred every plant has full terminal bud more than 6 to 10 at least.If terminal bud is too much, then nutrient disperses, and affects into colored quality; If terminal bud is very few, then become flower little effect overall appearance.
In addition, in some preferred embodiments, can fully reach commercial application requirements in order to make tree peony flowering quality during New Year's Day, further preferably erase the lateral bud of terminal bud bottom, reach the effect of " single simple bud ", to guarantee nutrition concentrated supply terminal bud.
The length of the root that stays during upper basin can be 30-35cm, for example is 30cm, 31cm, 32cm, 33cm, 34cm or 35cm, and is long if root system keeps, and then goes up the basin difficulty, and root system is curling in basin, affects potted plant management; If it is too short that root system keeps, be difficult to absorb moisture behind the upper basin and can't supply with the enough nutrients of branch, affect into colored.
The present invention also has no particular limits used flowerpot, the flowerpot that for example can select to have suitable height and diameter according to height and the diameter of root cap height and diameter and overground part.Generally speaking, can adopt is the flowerpot of 30cm～60cm (for example being 30cm, 40cm, 50cm or 60cm) for 40cm～50cm (for example being 40cm, 43cm, 45cm, 47cm or 50cm), diameter highly for example, if flowerpot size (height and/or diameter) is too small, the further growth that then may affect root is grown; If oversize, thus then may need more cultivation to cause the wasting of resources with soil, and may be inharmonious and lose attractive in appearance with the ratio of whole peony plant.
The present invention need to control the lifting time, and in general, the lifting time carried out when front 88 days to 95 days of New Year's Day, for example carried out front 88 days, 89 days, 90 days, 91 days, 92 days, 93 days, 94 days or 95 days New Year's Day.Certainly, can finely tune the lifting time for different cultivars.But, if too early flowering quality is bad, and to the later stage be controlled at bloom New Year's Day difficult; If then the peony plant regulation and control can't be bloomed during New Year's Day too late.
The present invention was not particularly limited the natural seasoning time under the shady and cool condition, but generally in the cool natural seasoning be advisable in 2 days, 3 days, 4 days or 5 days.Too early, behind the upper basin suction in poor shape, excessively evening rear easily hinder root because of excessive dehydration, cause equally basin after suction bad.
For peony plant can be bloomed during New Year's Day, the present invention has adopted two stage low temperature treatment measures.Phase I is to carry out the freezer low temperature treatment.In this stage, temperature of ice house is adjusted between 3～8 ℃ for example 3 ℃, 4 ℃, 5 ℃, 6 ℃, 7 ℃ and 8 ℃.Cold preservation time between 10 days to 15 days, for example 10d (my god), 11d, 12d, 13d, 14d or 15d.In some embodiments, the present invention is 70～80 days before Target Flowering for advancing the freezer time.Has 10 days to 15 days the low temperature of Varieties of Peony acceptance of shallow dormancy characteristic with preliminary breaking dormancy.Second stage is outdoor low temperature treatment, wherein utilizes outdoor natural low temperature condition to process.Specifically, after freezer takes out plant it is embedded in the outdoor hole of digging, basin soil is covered tightly fully, branch is exposed.Purpose is in order to promote that temperature raises and then the promotion root system development in the basin, to make simultaneously the branch sprout continue to accept natural low temperature, and then further break the dormancy of tree peony mixed bud.Concrete storage method can another part patent ZL200910260950.7 of REFERENCE TO RELATED people in the storage practice of disclosed potted peony forcing culture.
Can a standard of peony flower forcing success be reach the effect of " floral leaf is also luxuriant ".In peony forcing culture, deal with the phenomenon that is easy to cause blade excessive growth formation " leaf is eaten flower " improperly.In order to make tree peony normally become flower and plant type rounding, the present invention supports branch, draws the control measures such as branch peony plant preferred embodiment at some, makes each branch that the growing space of oneself be arranged, and improves into colored rate.
Potted peony advances the not strict restriction of time in greenhouse among the present invention.Generally be to be advisable in 40 days to 45 days at Target Flowering (during being New Year's Day).Can be divided into disleave early stage, sprouting period, aobvious flower bud phase in the middle of bloom, jump flower bud phase, little windbell phase, spread the phase of wafing, justify 9 stages such as flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage from the sprouting of mixed bud, last approximately 45 days.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably the greenhouse temp. and humidity is controlled.A process that heats up is gradually preferably kept in the control of temperature, must guard against suddenly to heat up or cooling.During the flower forcing on New Year's Day, for example the adjustment of the glass greenhouse pattern of following first requirement intensification high after low, thermophilic, alternating temperature (day and night temperature) is carried out.For example, can November 20 with peony plant by outdoor immigration greenhouse in, during this do not heat in greenhouse, makes tree peony that the process of an adaptation be arranged.December 1, the greenhouse began to heat, and front 10d guarantees about 15 ℃ of daytimes, in about 10 ℃ of nights, entered little windbell after date on December 13 and kept about 20 ℃ of indoor temperature daytimes, about 13 ℃ of nights; Enter large windbell after date (about December 20), about 25 ℃ of daytimes, about 15 ℃ of nights, thus realize becoming New Year's Day flower.Humidity regulation preferably keeps for 3-5 time branch moistening by spraying water every day, makes indoor relative air humidity remain 70% to 90%.
In order thoroughly to break the dormancy of tree peony branch sprout, in some embodiments, the tree peony mixed bud is smeared gibberellin process.Gibberellin is a class plant hormone that extensively exists, and its chemical constitution belongs to Diterpenes acid, and is derivative and get by the Fourth Ring skeleton.It is generally acknowledged the growth that can stimulate leaf and bud, but different floristics or equal plant different cultivars are very large to the response difference of gibberellin, and have visibly different concentration tolerance.At present, known gibberellin class material is incessantly a kind of.In the present invention, the preferred gibberellin that adopts is GA
3In more preferred embodiments, preferred gibberellin is GA
3, further preferred gibberellin concentration is 400mg/L to 600mg/L, for example is 400mg/L, 450mg/L, 500mg/L, 550mg/L, 600mg/L.But in the situation that impel tree peony to bloom on New Year's Day, if the concentration of gibberellin is excessive, then stimulate the blade precocity, cause the phenomenon of " leaf is eaten flower ", namely cause leaf to spend more few phenomenon; If the concentration of gibberellin is too small, then be difficult to produce a desired effect.When smearing, for example can adopt the softer writing brush of nib to dip a small amount of gibberellin, the amount that at every turn dips is smeared full terminal bud or first bud there not to be the liquid hanging drop to be advisable.
In addition, in some embodiments, preferably after upper basin, water once permeable.
The used matrix of upper basin of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example can adopt to comprise the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic mixed-matrix.
Behind upper basin, can adopt conventional planting type that potted peony is managed.
Hereinafter will come the specific embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by embodiment, not only limit to these embodiment but these embodiment should not be interpreted as the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The experiment place is Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science Peony Resource garden.On October 1st, 2011, choose the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic ' lily magnolia is shining makes up ' (Paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang ') that 20 strain 4-5 gave birth to, had 8-10 shoot growth stalwartness, in (sunlight weakens rear) lifting, divide evaporation too fast to prevent water at 16-17 o'clock in the afternoon.Behind the lifting root system is pruned, removed old complaint and mashed root, keep root and be about 38cm, plant is put in shady and cool place, natural seasoning processing 3d under the shady and cool condition (my god).Plant after will pruning October 3 is planted in highly being 45cm, and diameter is in the flowerpot of 36cm.Filling substrate (peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=2: 1 (volume ratio)) and water immediately permeable.
October 15 moved into Cool Room 4℃ with potted plant and accepts low temperature treatment, and the sunrise freezer was embedded in flowerpot and made branch accept natural low temperature under the outdoor straw mat and promote root temperature to increase November 1.November 20 potted plant young plant is moved into glass greenhouse and carry out the flower forcing processing.The glass greenhouse adjustment is followed the pattern of hanging down first high afterwards requirement intensification, thermophilic, alternating temperature (day and night temperature) and is carried out.November 20, by outdoor immigration greenhouse, early stage did not heat in the greenhouse, makes tree peony that the process of an adaptation be arranged with peony plant.About November 25 terminal bud being smeared gibberellin (be purchased from Beijing chemical reagents corporation, concentration is 500ppm) processes.December 1, the greenhouse began to heat, and guaranteed about 15 ℃ of daytimes in front 10 days, in about 10 ℃ of nights, entered little windbell after date on December 13 and kept about 20 ℃ of indoor temperature daytimes, about 13 ℃ of nights; Enter large windbell after date (about December 20), on about 25 ℃ of daytimes, at about 15 ℃ of nights, realize thus becoming New Year's Day flower.
Embodiment 2 to 7
Except content listed in the table 1, cultivate in the mode identical with embodiment 1.
Table 1 is in the measurement result of the parameter of carrying out the parameter values of forcing culture processing on New Year's Day with ' lily magnolia is shining makes up ' kind and being measured
Can be found out basin and advance greenhouse operation and help lend some impetus to flower forcing peony open (embodiment 1) during New Year's Day on reasonable time carries out by table 1 result.Accept the low temperature time at freezer shorter, tree peony mixed bud bud dormancy can not in time be removed, during New Year's Day its germination rate with become the flower rate possibly can't fully reach into colored requirement.Take freezer overlong time (embodiment 2), although one-tenth flower rate and germination rate are higher, take the freezer time long, consuming cost is excessive.The greenhouse heating time is evening, and peony plant institute's accumulated temperature of accepting in the greenhouse is less, is not easy to reach into colored requirement; The greenhouse heating time, early the low temperature time that accept early stage was shorter, is not enough to break fully the mixed bud dormancy, became the flower rate lower.After peony plant dug out from the base, nursery, if the upper basin time is too early, its root system can't farthest absorb water behind the upper basin, caused germination rate, became the flower rate on the low side; The upper basin time is excessively late, and the root system dehydration seriously also is difficult to become flower during New Year's Day.Grasp suitable upper basin and advance the greenhouse time and help to reach good forcing culture effect.
Embodiment 8-14
Except content listed in the table 2 and adopt ' rich and honour full hall ' kind to replace ' lily magnolia is shining makes up ' kind, carry out according to the mode identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 15 to 19
The experiment place is Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science Peony Resource garden.On October 1st, 2011, choose the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic ' lily magnolia is shining makes up ' (Paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang ') that 20 strain 4-5 gave birth to, had 8-10 shoot growth stalwartness, in (sunlight weakens rear) lifting, divide evaporation too fast to prevent water at 16-17 o'clock in the afternoon.Behind the lifting root system is pruned, removed old complaint and mashed root, keep root and be about 38cm, plant is put in shady and cool place, and 3d is processed in natural seasoning under the shady and cool condition.Plant after will pruning October 3 is planted in highly being 45cm, and diameter is in the flowerpot of 36cm.Filling substrate (peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=2: 1 (volume ratio)) and water immediately permeable.
October 15 moved into Cool Room 4℃ (temperature maintains 2～6 ℃) with potted plant and accepts low temperature treatment, and the sunrise freezer was embedded in flowerpot and made branch accept natural low temperature under the outdoor straw mat and promote root temperature to increase November 1.November 20 potted plant young plant is moved into glass greenhouse and carry out the flower forcing processing.The glass greenhouse adjustment is followed the pattern of hanging down first high afterwards requirement intensification, thermophilic, alternating temperature (day and night temperature) and is carried out.November 20, by outdoor immigration greenhouse, early stage did not heat in the greenhouse, makes tree peony that the process of an adaptation be arranged with peony plant.About November 25 terminal bud (be purchased from Beijing chemical reagents corporation, concentration sees Table 2) being smeared gibberellin processes.December 1, the greenhouse began to heat, and front 10d guarantees about 15 ℃ of daytimes, in about 10 ℃ of nights, entered little windbell after date on December 13 and kept about 20 ℃ of indoor temperature daytimes, about 13 ℃ of nights; Enter large windbell after date (about December 20), about 25 ℃ of daytimes, about 15 ℃ of nights, thus realize becoming New Year's Day flower.
The parameter that table 2 is adopted in the test of the forcing culture of carrying out with ' lily magnolia shining make up ' kind blooming New Year's Day and measured parameter
As can be seen from Table 2, the present invention by upper basin of suitable time, advance the link such as greenhouse flower forcing processing, process the bud dormancy of the mixed bud that helps to break tree peony in conjunction with the gibberellin of debita spissitudo, make it to sprout.Data from table 2, for the potted peony of flower forcing on New Year's Day, concentration is that the gibberellin of 500mg/L is processed at breaking dormancy, improved into colored rate remarkable result was all arranged aspect the phase.
Embodiment 21 to 25
The experiment place is Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science Peony Resource garden.In order to filter out the Varieties of Peony that is fit to the flower forcing on New Year's Day, on October 1st, 2011, choose 5 kinds (seeing Table 3) and do varietal yield test.Each kind 20 strain is the Varieties of Peony that 4-5 gives birth to, has 8-10 shoot growth stalwartness, in (sunlight weakens rear) lifting, divides evaporation too fast to prevent water at 16-17 o'clock in the afternoon.Behind the lifting root system is pruned, removed old complaint, mashed root, keep root and be about 38cm, plant is put in shady and cool place, and 3d is processed in natural seasoning under the shady and cool condition.Plant after will pruning October 3 is planted in highly being 45cm, and diameter is in the flowerpot of 36cm.Filling substrate (peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=2: 1 (volume ratio)) and water immediately permeable.
October 15 moved into Cool Room 4℃ (temperature maintains 2～6 ℃) with potted plant and accepts low temperature treatment, and the sunrise freezer was embedded in flowerpot and made branch accept natural low temperature under the outdoor straw mat and promote root temperature to increase November 1.November 20 potted plant young plant is moved into glass greenhouse and carry out the flower forcing processing.The glass greenhouse adjustment is followed the pattern of hanging down first high afterwards requirement intensification, thermophilic, alternating temperature (day and night temperature) and is carried out.November 20, by outdoor immigration greenhouse, early stage did not heat in the greenhouse, makes tree peony that the process of an adaptation be arranged with peony plant.About November 25 terminal bud being smeared gibberellin (be purchased from Beijing chemical reagents corporation, concentration sees Table 3) processes.December 1, the greenhouse began to heat, and front 10d guarantees about 15 ℃ of daytimes, in about 10 ℃ of nights, entered little windbell after date on December 13 and kept about 20 ℃ of indoor temperature daytimes, about 13 ℃ of nights; Enter large windbell after date (about December 20), on about 25 ℃ of daytimes, at about 15 ℃ of nights, realize thus becoming New Year's Day flower.
Table 3 is in the measurement result of the parameter of carrying out the parameter values of screening varieties experiment take kinds such as ' lily magnolia is shining make up ' as material and being measured
The assay method of each index in above each table is as follows:
The bud number of the bud number/artificial treatment of germination rate (%)=sprouting * 100%
Become flower rate (%)=one-tenth to spend the bud number of number/artificial treatment * 100%
The bud number of abortion rate (%)=abortion number/artificial treatment * 100%
Strain becomes flower rate (the %)=plant number of blooming/processing plant number * 100%
Full-bloom stage (d)=flower reaches the fate of maximum gauge and continuous openness
Can be found out by table 3 result, Varieties of Peony preferred for this invention ' lily magnolia is shining makes up ' and ' rich and honour full hall ' have the shallow dormancy characteristic, not having also to become colored under the gibberellin treatment conditions, in conjunction with the GA of 500mg/L
3Processing can be bloomed during New Year's Day well.Other several kinds ' delicate fragrance is white ' etc. although process in conjunction with certain density gibberellin, because the flower forcing on New Year's Day does not reach its required accumulated temperature amount during processing, are difficult to bloom during New Year's Day in good time.So have the success that the selection of the Varieties of Peony of shallow dormancy characteristic helps the forcing culture on New Year's Day.
Embodiment described herein only is to the explanation of the preferred embodiments of the present invention example.Those skilled in the art can content disclosed according to the present invention carry out various modifications to described embodiment, but revise thus and the technical scheme that does not depart from essence of the present invention that obtains still drops within the appended claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. forcing culture method that potted peony is bloomed New Year's Day, described method comprises the steps:
1) choosing of Varieties of Peony: select plant from the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic;
2) lifting: at lifting on front 88 days to 95 days of New Year's Day;
3) natural seasoning and upper basin: basin was gone up in natural seasoning in 2 days to 5 days afterwards in the cool;
4) freezer low temperature treatment: behind upper basin 10 days to 15 days, the plant behind the upper basin carried out 10 days to 18 days low temperature treatment in 3 ℃ to 8 ℃ freezer;
5) outdoor low temperature treatment: after described freezer low temperature treatment finishes, carry out 15 days to 23 days outdoor low temperature treatment; With
6) the greenhouse maintenance is to blooming: after described outdoor low temperature treatment finishes, plant is moved into the greenhouse maintenance during the New Year's Day.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described method also is included in the step of plant being pruned behind the lifting, and plant is with naked formal basin.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein, when carrying out described outdoor low temperature treatment, is with basin to be embedded under the outdoor careless felt plant of upper basin.
4. such as each described method in the claims 1 to 3, wherein, described Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic is ' lily magnolia is shining makes up ' (paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang ') or ' rich and honour full hall ' (paeonia suffruticosa ' fuguimantang ').
5. such as each described method in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, described plant is the plant in strong age of life in 4 to 5 years, and preferred every plant has full terminal bud more than 6 to 10 at least.
6. such as each described method in the claim 2 to 5, wherein, described training further comprises the lateral bud removal step of the lateral bud below the terminal bud of erasing on the plant branch.
7. such as each described method in the claim 1 to 6, wherein, water once permeable behind the upper basin.
8. such as each described method in the claim 1 to 7, wherein, when carrying out described outdoor low temperature treatment, branch is exposed.
9. such as each described method in the claim 1 to 8, wherein, when the greenhouse maintenance, do not heat in front 7 to 10 days greenhouses; Then be that 15 ℃ of daytimes and 10 ℃ of nights are until the little windbell phase with the temperature adjusting in greenhouse; Then be that 20 ℃ of daytimes and 13 ℃ of nights are until the large windbell phase with the temperature adjusting in greenhouse; Entering large windbell after date, is 15 ℃ of 25 ℃ of daytimes and nights with the temperature adjusting in greenhouse.
10. such as each described method in the claim 1 to 16, wherein, after plant is moved into the greenhouse, smear gibberellin at bud, preferred gibberellin concentration is 400mg/L to 600mg/L.
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| CN103621277A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-03-12 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating peonies for oil |
| CN103621277B (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-04 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating peonies for oil |
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| CN108124720A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-06-08 | 乌鲁木齐市植物园 | A kind of cold drought-hit area tree peony winter florescence control method |
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