CN103858688A - Method for promoting shallow-sleep peonies to bloom on New Year's Day - Google Patents
Method for promoting shallow-sleep peonies to bloom on New Year's Day Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting shallow-sleep peonies to bloom on New Year's Day. The method includes the following steps that peony plants with the shallow-sleep characteristic are selected; secondly, seedling lifting is carried out at reasonable time before the New Year's Day; thirdly, natural drying is carried out two to five days in shade places; fourthly, low-temperature treatment is carried out in a refrigeration house with the temperature ranging from 3 DEG C to 8 DEG C; fifthly, outdoor natural low-temperature treatment is carried out under outdoor natural low-temperature conditions; sixthly, maintenance is carried out in a greenhouse until the plants bloom on New Year's Day. By means of the method, through species selection, two-phase low-temperature treatment, hormone treatment and/or cultivation measure adjustment and control, the peony plants can bloom on New Year's Day, and high-quality potted peony products can be acquired.
Description
The application is that denomination of invention be " a kind of potted peony New Year's Day bloom forcing culture method ", application number is the divisional application of " 201210563079.X ", the applying date Chinese invention patent application that is " on December 24th, 2012 ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation of plants method, more particularly, the present invention relates to the cultivation method of tree peony.
Background technology
Tree peony, formal name used at school is Paeonia suffruticosa Andr, belongs to Paeoniaceae (Paeoniaceae) Paeonia (Paeonia) plant, originates in China, in China's history of existing more than 1600 year.Hanzhong is the China place of artificial cultivation tree peony the earliest, and the form of its Hua Heye is very alike with Chinese herbaceous peony, so ancient times claims that again tree peony is wooden Chinese herbaceous peony.
Tree peony is with its fine figure, the outstanding characteristic such as flower is very large, pattern is beautiful, color and luster is abundant, be described as " king in spending " and " flower of wealth and rank " by people, fine, happy, lucky and rich and honour symbol especially, people of all nationalities of Shen Shou China and overseas personage like.Peony Ornamental position is mainly flower, and its flower is elegant and poised, splendid famous.Tree peony can be set up Botanical Garden in park and scenic area; In classical garden and resident's courtyard, build colored platform plantation; In Garden Greenland, natural style isolated planting, group planting or sheet are planted.Also be applicable to arrange colored border, flower bed or lace, or potted plant viewing and admiring, very flexible in application.Root micromicro is used as medicine, and petal can be made wine, and can say, each organ of tree peony all has important economic worth.
In general, originate from the gardening plant of Temperate Region in China, grow in the cycle in its year, generally bloom spring, Xia Qiu carries out flower bud differentiation, and autumn Mo falls leaves, and enters winter dormancy.And in the situation that some are special, some has the plant of shallow dormancy characteristic and also can be realized at the non-natural florescence and be become flower by simple artificial induction.Equally, some Varieties of Peony requirement of low temperature amount is lower has certain shallow dormancy characteristic, through of short duration low temperature induction more in addition artificial regulatory just can realize at the non-natural florescence and become flower.
The tree peony nature florescence is shorter, often has " grow flower 1 year, see Hua Shi " sorry.In some special major holidays, as being difficult to see elegant and poised peony scene in full bloom in China's traditional festivals such as New Year's Day, National Day and the Spring Festival.If, by florescence control, generally can only just can not see in spring the tree peony that blooms.At for example National Day, New Year's Day or Spring Festival, on market, be to can't see the tree peony that blooms.Therefore,, for the non-natural florescence in tree peony can be enjoyed the tree peony that blooms, need to tree peony be bloomed in the required time by forcing culture.
CN200810060534.8 discloses a kind of abnormal season flowering artificial des-dormancy method of peony, the method comprises: outdoor deepfreeze, root immersion, the upper basin of tree peony dormancy seedling, water, outdoor foster root, hot-house culture, the measure of watering, root on described seedling before basin soaks, and is to soak root with 50 × rooting powder solution; Described seedling is selected the seedling that 4-5 is raw; And outdoor deepfreeze at 0-3 DEG C of temperature; Watering after described upper basin, wherein waters the water yield permeable for watering; Then the outdoor foster root is below chosen in 7-10 after basin round the clock.But the method has just overcome used GA in peony forcing culture
3the deficiency that short flower exists, but cannot adopt the method to realize the object that tree peony blooms New Year's Day.
CN200510112551.8 discloses a kind of high-efficiency high-quality forcing culture method for tree peony, described method comprises the airing of dormancy seedling, Low Temperature Wet Tibetan, root hydrojet, upper basin, waters, hot-house culture, the measure of watering, it is characterized in that, it also comprises, on tree peony nursery stock before basin, with the mixed solution spray root that contains gibberellin, 50% carbendazol wettable powder and root-inducing powder, the concentration of above-mentioned three kinds of materials is respectively 100～500mg/L, 500mg/L and 500mg/L.Described high-efficiency high-quality forcing culture method for tree peony, it can also comprise, in the time that tree peony flower bud development exposes perula to leaflet petiole, the measure that outside scale and 2-3 sheet bottom leaflet are peeled off.But the method has just overcome artificial loaded down with trivial details operation, cannot realize equally the object that tree peony blooms New Year's Day.
CN201010605013.3 discloses a kind of method for retarding culturing refrigeration of tree peony, described method is by being planted in peony plant in the potting media in flowerpot mid-September-mid-October, in basin, support root to January next year, before entering freezer, within 3-6 days, water once permeable, with straw rope will be on basin part be wound around parcel, wrap up with plastic film afterwards and on plastic film, get through gas port 4-8, rear band basin enters Cold storage in the refrigerator.But the object of the method is to realize tree peony to suppress cultivation refrigeration, cannot realize equally the object that tree peony blooms New Year's Day.
CN200510117295.1 discloses a kind of forcing culture method with no soil for peony, and the method comprises: seedbed preparation, nursery stock preparation, temperature control, humidity control, nutritional control, illumination control measure.In its seedbed preparation measures, the cultivation matrix in seedbed can be ventilative soilless substrate.The cultivation matrix in seedbed can be to comprise by the perlite being arranged in order up and down, haydite, Web materials layer forming; Wherein the thickness proportion of perlite, haydite can be 20-60: 3-7.But the method mainly solves the nutrition problem in forcing culture by cultivation technique without soil and forcing culture technology.
The applicant's Chinese patent CN200910260950.7 discloses a kind of storage practice of potted peony forcing culture, described storage practice comprise get basin on seedling, dig pit, lay heat-insulation layer, the step such as earthing and flower forcing processing, adopt described storage practice to carry out forcing culture to potted peony, can reduce the problems such as the few and new root development of floral leaf root out of proportion, new is bad.But the method is only by outdoor low temperature treatment, cannot realize the object that tree peony blooms New Year's Day.
The applicant's CN201210077211.6 discloses the forcing culture method that a kind of potted peony is bloomed National Day, and described method comprises the steps: 1) choose the autumn and send out the plant of Varieties of Peony; 2) described plant is carried out to disleave processing; 3) use the autumn to send out element the bud of the plant through drought stress is smeared to processing, wherein, the described autumn is sent out the gibberellin that element comprises 600mg/L to 900mg/L; 4) upper basin.But what the method adopted is the method for sending out tree peony with the Qiu Fasu processing autumn, adopts the method cannot make the autumn send out tree peony and blooms on New Year's Day.
CN200910064634.2 discloses a kind of spring festival peony forcing culture method, adopt go up in advance before basin, upper basin and soak root or spray root, carry out stump 10 the middle ten days and the last ten days with indolebutyric acid, in basin, foster root, applies base fertilizer when upper basin, after upper basin, water 1 time permeable, resting stage does not apply fertilizer.After Second Year rudiment in spring, water once thin solution, within about later 10-20 days, water and execute once.In the torridity summer processing of shading.Bloom and within 45-60 days, enter greenhouse apart from the Spring Festival, according to the conventional flower-forcing method management of tree peony.But the method is just in order to solve flowering quality problem, it cannot realize the object that tree peony blooms New Year's Day equally.
In sum, although there are some methods relevant with Peony growing especially forcing culture at present, but in these methods certain methods for example just for the de-dormancy of tree peony, improve tree peony flowering quality, make tree peony National Day or the Spring Festival flowering time bloom, but these methods cannot make tree peony bloom on New Year's Day.Be one of red-letter day the most great in world wide due to New Year's Day, be therefore starved of a kind of method that tree peony was bloomed on New Year's Day that can be effective.
In order to address the above problem, the inventor has passed through long-term research, by kind select, multistage low temperature treatment, HORMONE TREATMENT and/or cultivation step adjustment, finally can realize the object that tree peony is blooming around New Year's Day.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned one or more problems, the invention provides following embodiment.
1, the forcing culture method that potted peony is bloomed New Year's Day, described method comprises the steps:
1) choosing of Varieties of Peony: select plant from the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic;
2) lifting: at lifting on first 88 days to 95 days of New Year's Day;
3) natural seasoning upper basin: basin is gone up in natural seasoning for 2 days to 5 days afterwards in the cool;
4) freezer low temperature treatment: after upper basin 10 days to 15 days, the plant after upper basin is carried out in the freezer of 3 DEG C to 8 DEG C to the low temperature treatment of 10 days to 18 days;
5) outdoor low temperature treatment: after described freezer low temperature treatment finishes, carry out the outdoor low temperature treatment of 15 days to 23 days; With
6) greenhouse maintenance is to blooming: after described outdoor low temperature treatment finishes, plant is moved into greenhouse maintenance to during New Year's Day.
2,, according to the method described in technical scheme 1, wherein, described method also comprises the step that plant is pruned after lifting, and plant is with the formal basin of naked.
3, the method as described in technical scheme 1 or 2, wherein, in the time carrying out described outdoor low temperature treatment, is embedded in the plant band basin of upper basin under outdoor careless felt.
4, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 3, the Varieties of Peony wherein, with shallow dormancy characteristic is ' lily magnolia shine adornment ' (paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang ') or ' rich and honour full ' (paeonia suffruticosa ' fuguimantang ').
5, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 4, wherein, described plant is the plant in strong age of life in 4 to 5 years, preferred every plant has 6 to 10 full terminal buds.
6, the method as described in technical scheme 2, wherein, described training comprises wipes out sick and weak branch, deadwood, old complaint and/or hinders root.
7, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 2 to 6, wherein, described training further comprises the lateral bud removal step of the lateral bud below the terminal bud of erasing on plant branch.
8, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 7, wherein, when upper basin, the root length of plant is 30cm to 35cm.
9, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 8, wherein, waters once permeable after upper basin.
10, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 9, wherein, described the first low temperature treatment is carried out in freezer at 4 DEG C.
11, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 10, wherein, described outdoor low temperature treatment is carried out in the following way: will be embedded in the hole of digging in advance under outdoor straw mat through the plant of described freezer low temperature treatment, basin surface coverage straw mat, and on straw mat earthing.
12, the method as described in technical scheme 11, wherein, before basin surface coverage straw mat, basin surface coverage one deck Polypropylence Sheet and with straw mat plug the gap between basin and basin with insulation.
13, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 12, wherein, in the time of outdoor low temperature treatment shown in carrying out, is exposed branch.
14, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 13, wherein, described method also further comprises shaping so that each branch of plant has growing space, thereby makes plant type rounding.
15, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 14, wherein, in the time of greenhouse maintenance, does not heat in first 7 to 10 days greenhouses; Then be that 10 DEG C of 15 DEG C of daytimes and nights are until the little windbell phase by the temperature adjusting in greenhouse; Then be that 15 DEG C of daytimes and 13 DEG C of nights are until the large windbell phase by the temperature adjusting in greenhouse; Entering large windbell after date, is 15 DEG C of 25 DEG C of daytimes and nights by the temperature adjusting in greenhouse.
16, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 15, wherein, is moving into plant behind greenhouse, makes for 2-3 time the air humidity in greenhouse remain 70% to 90% by spraying water every day.
17, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 16, wherein, is moving into plant behind greenhouse, smears gibberellin on bud, and preferably gibberellin concentration is 500mg/L.
The present invention adopts the shallow dormancy kind that in tree peony, requirement of low temperature amount is low, utilizes artificial regulatory breaking dormancy, thereby realizes the object that makes the opening of tree peony during New Year's Day.The inventive method can solve one or more following problems: open during New Year's Day, and solved that floral leaf is out of proportion, root growth is bad (for example some preferred embodiment in, by to upper basin after root system pruning, can effectively promote root growth), the inadequate rounding of plant type (for example can effectively promote each bud to become flower by measures such as shapings at some preferred embodiment, make plant type rounding).
Embodiment
As mentioned above, the invention provides the method for the potted peony forcing culture of blooming a kind of New Year's Day.
In a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of potted peony forcing culture method that bloom New Year's Day is provided, described method comprises the steps: 1) the choosing of Varieties of Peony: select plant from the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic; 2) lifting: at lifting on first 88 days to 95 days of New Year's Day; 3) natural seasoning upper basin: basin is gone up in natural seasoning for 2 days to 5 days afterwards in the cool; 4) freezer low temperature treatment: after upper basin 10 days to 15 days, the plant after upper basin is carried out in the freezer of 3 DEG C to 8 DEG C to the low temperature treatment of 10 days to 18 days; 5) outdoor low temperature treatment: after described freezer low temperature treatment finishes, carry out the outdoor low temperature treatment of 15 days to 23 days; With 6) greenhouse maintenance is to blooming: after described outdoor low temperature treatment finishes, plant is moved into greenhouse maintenance to during New Year's Day.
Tree peony is the gardening plant that originates from Temperate Region in China, grows in the cycle in its year, generally in summer-flowering, carries out flower bud differentiation autumn, and autumn Mo falls leaves, and enters winter dormancy.In order to allow people can watch the tree peony that blooms during New Year's Day, the present invention is through studying for a long period of time, find that some Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic may be the cause lower due to requirement of low temperature amount, also can bloom on New Year's Day through certain artificial regulatory measure.
What use in the present invention must be the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic.Some preferred embodiment in, described Varieties of Peony is ' lily magnolia shine adornment ' (Paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang ') or ' rich and honour full hall ' (Paeonia suffruticosa ' fuguimantang ').
The present invention is not particularly limited the strain of described Varieties of Peony age, but is preferably the plant in strong age of life in 4 to 5 years.If strain is too small age, branch nutrition is inadequate, is difficult to into colored; If strain is excessive age, water difficulty on plant, is difficult to into colored.
In some embodiments, preferred every plant has 6 to 10 full terminal buds.If terminal bud is too much, nutrient disperses, and affects into colored quality; If terminal bud is very few, become flower little effect overall appearance.
In addition, in some preferred embodiments, in order to make tree peony flowering quality during New Year's Day can fully reach business application requirements, further preferably erase the lateral bud of terminal bud bottom, reach the effect of " single simple bud ", to ensure nutrition concentrated supply terminal bud.
The length of the root staying when upper basin can be 30-35cm, for example, be 30cm, 31cm, 32cm, 33cm, 34cm or 35cm, long if root system retains, and goes up basin difficulty, and root system is curling in basin, affects potted plant management; If it is too short that root system retains, after upper basin, be difficult to absorb moisture and cannot supply with the enough nutrients of branch, affect into colored.
The present invention also has no particular limits flowerpot used, for example, can select to have according to the height of root cap height and diameter and overground part and diameter the flowerpot of suitable height and diameter.Generally, can adopt for example highly for example, for example, for 40cm～50cm (being 40cm, 43cm, 45cm, 47cm or 50cm), diameter are the flowerpot of 30cm～60cm (being 30cm, 40cm, 50cm or 60cm), if flowerpot size (height and/or diameter) is too small, the further growth that may affect root is grown; If oversize, thus may need more cultivation soil to cause the wasting of resources, and may be inharmonious and lose attractive in appearance with the ratio of whole peony plant.
The present invention need to control the lifting time, and in general, the lifting time carried out in the time of first 88 days to 95 days of New Year's Day, for example, carried out first 88 days, 89 days, 90 days, 91 days, 92 days, 93 days, 94 days or 95 days New Year's Day.Certainly, can finely tune the lifting time for different cultivars.But, if too early flowering quality is bad, and to the later stage be controlled at bloom New Year's Day difficult; If peony plant regulation and control cannot be bloomed during New Year's Day too late.
The present invention was not particularly limited the natural seasoning time under shady and cool condition, and still generally natural seasoning is advisable for 2 days, 3 days, 4 days or 5 days in the cool.Too early, after upper basin, absorb water in poor shape, the rear of evening easily hindered root because of excessive dehydration excessively, causes equally absorbing water after basin bad.
For peony plant can be bloomed during New Year's Day, the present invention has adopted two stage low temperature treatment measures.First stage is to carry out freezer low temperature treatment.In this stage, temperature of ice house is adjusted between 3～8 DEG C to for example 3 DEG C, 4 DEG C, 5 DEG C, 6 DEG C, 7 DEG C and 8 DEG C.Cold preservation time between 10 days to 15 days, for example 10d (my god), 11d, 12d, 13d, 14d or 15d.In some embodiments, the present invention is 70～80 days before Target Flowering for entering the freezer time.There is the Varieties of Peony acceptance low temperature of 10 days to 15 days of shallow dormancy characteristic with preliminary breaking dormancy.Second stage is outdoor low temperature treatment, wherein utilizes outdoor natural low temperature condition to process.Specifically, from freezer takes out plant, be embedded in the outdoor hole of digging, basin soil is covered tightly completely, branch is exposed.Object is in order to promote that in basin, temperature raises and then promotes root system development, to make branch sprout continue to accept natural low temperature, and then further break the dormancy of tree peony mixed bud simultaneously.Concrete storage method can another part patent ZL200910260950.7 of REFERENCE TO RELATED people in the storage practice of disclosed potted peony forcing culture.
Can the successful standard of peony flower forcing be reach the effect of " floral leaf is also luxuriant ".In peony forcing culture, deal with improperly and be easy to cause blade excessive growth to form the phenomenon of " leaf is eaten flower ".In order to make tree peony normally become flower and plant type rounding, the present invention supports branch, draws the control measures such as branch peony plant preferred embodiment at some, makes each branch have the growing space of oneself, improves into colored rate.
In the present invention, potted peony enters the not strict restriction of time in greenhouse.Generally within 40 days to 45 days, to be advisable at Target Flowering (during being New Year's Day).From the sprouting of mixed bud to being divided into disleave early stage, sprouting period, aobvious flower bud phase in the middle of blooming, jumping flower bud phase, little windbell phase, spreading the phase of wafing, justifying 9 stages such as flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, last approximately 45 days.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably greenhouse temp. and humidity is controlled.The control of temperature preferably maintains a process heating up gradually, must guard against and suddenly heats up or cooling.During flower forcing on New Year's Day, the temperature adjusting of for example glass greenhouse is followed the first pattern of low rear high requirement intensification, thermophilic, alternating temperature (day and night temperature) and is carried out.For example, can November 20 by peony plant by outdoor immigration greenhouse in, during this, do not heat in greenhouse, makes tree peony have the process of an adaptation.December 1, greenhouse started to heat, and front 10d ensures 15 DEG C of left and right on daytime, and 10 DEG C of left and right, entered little windbell after date and kept indoor temperature 20 DEG C of left and right on daytime on December 13 night, night 13 DEG C of left and right; Enter large windbell after date (about December 20), daytime 25 DEG C of left and right, night 15 DEG C of left and right, thereby realize New Year's Day become flower.Humidity regulation preferably keeps for 3-5 time branch moistening by spraying water every day, makes indoor relative air humidity remain 70% to 90%.
In order thoroughly to break the dormancy of tree peony branch sprout, in some embodiments, tree peony mixed bud is smeared to gibberellin processing.Gibberellin is the class plant hormone extensively existing, and its chemical constitution belongs to Diterpenes acid, is derived and is obtained by Fourth Ring skeleton.It is generally acknowledged the growth that can stimulate leaf and bud, but different floristics or equal plant different cultivars are very large to the response difference of gibberellin, and there is visibly different concentration tolerance.At present, known gibberellin class material is incessantly a kind of.In the present invention, the gibberellin preferably adopting is GA
3.In more preferred embodiments, preferably gibberellin is GA
3, further preferably gibberellin concentration is 400mg/L to 600mg/L, for example, be 400mg/L, 450mg/L, 500mg/L, 550mg/L, 600mg/L.But impelling tree peony in the situation that blooming New Year's Day, if the concentration of gibberellin is excessive, stimulating blade precocity, causing the phenomenon of " leaf is eaten flower ", causing leaf to spend more few phenomenon; If the concentration of gibberellin is too small, be difficult to produce a desired effect.While smearing, for example, can adopt the writing brush that nib is softer to dip a small amount of gibberellin, the amount at every turn dipping, not have liquid hanging drop to be advisable, is smeared full terminal bud or first bud.
In addition, in some embodiments, preferably, after upper basin, water once permeable.
Upper basin of the present invention matrix used is not particularly limited, for example, can adopt and comprise the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic mixed-matrix.
After upper basin, can adopt conventional planting type to manage potted peony.
Below will be illustrated the specific embodiment of the present invention by embodiment, only limit to these embodiment but these embodiment should not be interpreted as the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Experiment place is Vegetable & Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's Peony Resource garden.On October 1st, 2011, choose that 20 strain 4-5 are raw, the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic with 8-10 shoot growth stalwartness ' lily magnolia shine adornment ' (Paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang '), in (sunlight weakens rear) lifting, to prevent that water from dividing evaporation too fast at 16-17 o'clock in the afternoon.After lifting, root system is pruned, removed old complaint and rotten, retain root and be about 38cm, plant is put in shady and cool place, under shady and cool condition natural seasoning process 3d (my god).In October 3 by prune after plant plant in highly be 45cm, in the flowerpot that diameter is 36cm.Filling substrate (peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=2: 1 (volume ratio)) also waters permeable immediately.
October 15 moved into Cool Room 4 DEG C by potted plant and accepts low temperature treatment, and November 1, sunrise freezer was embedded in flowerpot under outdoor straw mat, to make branch accept natural low temperature and promote root temperature to increase.November 20 potted plant young plant is moved into glass greenhouse and carry out flower forcing processing.The adjusting of glass greenhouse temperature is followed the first pattern of low rear high requirement intensification, thermophilic, alternating temperature (day and night temperature) and is carried out.November 20, early stage did not heat in greenhouse, makes tree peony have the process of an adaptation by peony plant by outdoor immigration greenhouse.About November 25, terminal bud being smeared to gibberellin (be purchased from Beijing chemical reagents corporation, concentration is 500ppm) processes.December 1, greenhouse started to heat, and within first 10 days, ensured 15 DEG C of left and right on daytime, and 10 DEG C of left and right, entered little windbell after date and kept indoor temperature 20 DEG C of left and right on daytime on December 13 night, night 13 DEG C of left and right; Enter large windbell after date (about December 20), daytime 25 DEG C of left and right, night 15 DEG C of left and right, realize thus New Year's Day become flower.
Embodiment 2 to 7
Except content listed in table 1, cultivate in the mode identical with embodiment 1.
Table 1 is in the measurement result of the parameter of carrying out the parameter values of forcing culture processing on New Year's Day with ' lily magnolia shine adornment ' kind and measured
Can be found out basin and enter greenhouse operation and help lend some impetus to flower forcing peony open (embodiment 1) during New Year's Day on reasonable time carries out by table 1 result.Accept the low temperature time at freezer shorter, tree peony mixed bud bud dormancy can not be removed in time, during New Year's Day its germination rate with become the flower rate possibly cannot fully reach into colored requirement.Take freezer overlong time (embodiment 2), although one-tenth flower rate and germination rate are higher, take the freezer time long, consuming cost is excessive.The greenhouse heating time is more late, and peony plant institute's accumulated temperature of accepting in greenhouse is less, is not easy to reach into colored requirement; The greenhouse heating time, early the low temperature time that accept early stage was shorter, is not enough to break completely mixed bud dormancy, became flower rate lower.Peony plant is from dig out in base, nursery, if the upper basin time is too early, after upper basin, its root system cannot farthest absorb water, and causes germination rate, becomes flower rate on the low side; The upper basin time is excessively late, and root system dehydration is seriously also difficult to become flower during New Year's Day.Grasp suitable upper basin and enter the greenhouse time and contribute to reach good forcing culture effect.
Embodiment 8-14
Except content listed in table 2 and adopt ' rich and honour full hall ' kind to replace ' lily magnolia shine adornment ' kind, carry out according to the mode identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 15 to 19
Experiment place is Vegetable & Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's Peony Resource garden.On October 1st, 2011, choose that 20 strain 4-5 are raw, the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic with 8-10 shoot growth stalwartness ' lily magnolia shine adornment ' (Paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang '), in (sunlight weakens rear) lifting, to prevent that water from dividing evaporation too fast at 16-17 o'clock in the afternoon.After lifting, root system is pruned, removed old complaint and rotten, retain root and be about 38cm, plant is put in shady and cool place, and under shady and cool condition, 3d is processed in natural seasoning.In October 3 by prune after plant plant in highly be 45cm, in the flowerpot that diameter is 36cm.Filling substrate (peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=2: 1 (volume ratio)) also waters permeable immediately.
October 15 moved into Cool Room 4 DEG C (temperature maintains 2～6 DEG C) by potted plant and accepts low temperature treatment, and November 1, sunrise freezer was embedded in flowerpot under outdoor straw mat, to make branch accept natural low temperature and promote root temperature to increase.November 20 potted plant young plant is moved into glass greenhouse and carry out flower forcing processing.The adjusting of glass greenhouse temperature is followed the first pattern of low rear high requirement intensification, thermophilic, alternating temperature (day and night temperature) and is carried out.November 20, early stage did not heat in greenhouse, makes tree peony have the process of an adaptation by peony plant by outdoor immigration greenhouse.About November 25, terminal bud (be purchased from Beijing chemical reagents corporation, concentration is in table 2) is smeared to gibberellin processing.December 1, greenhouse started to heat, and front 10d ensures 15 DEG C of left and right on daytime, and 10 DEG C of left and right, entered little windbell after date and kept indoor temperature 20 DEG C of left and right on daytime on December 13 night, night 13 DEG C of left and right; Enter large windbell after date (about December 20), daytime 25 DEG C of left and right, night 15 DEG C of left and right, thereby realize New Year's Day become flower.
The parameter that table 2 is adopted in the test of the forcing culture of carrying out with ' lily magnolia shine adornment ' kind blooming New Year's Day and measured parameter
As can be seen from Table 2, the present invention by upper basin of suitable time, enter the links such as greenhouse flower forcing processing, contribute to the bud dormancy of the mixed bud of breaking tree peony in conjunction with the gibberellin processing of debita spissitudo, make it to sprout.Data from table 2, for the potted peony of flower forcing on New Year's Day, gibberellin that concentration is 500mg/L processes at breaking dormancy, improve into aspect the colored rate phase and all have remarkable result.
Embodiment 21 to 25
Experiment place is Vegetable & Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's Peony Resource garden.In order to filter out the Varieties of Peony that is applicable to flower forcing on New Year's Day, on October 1st, 2011, choose 5 kinds (in table 3) and do varietal yield test.Each kind 20 strains, are the Varieties of Peony that 4-5 is raw, have 8-10 shoot growth stalwartness, in (sunlight weakens rear) lifting, to prevent that water from dividing evaporation too fast at 16-17 o'clock in the afternoon.After lifting, root system is pruned, removed old complaint, rotten, retain root and be about 38cm, plant is put in shady and cool place, and under shady and cool condition, 3d is processed in natural seasoning.In October 3 by prune after plant plant in highly be 45cm, in the flowerpot that diameter is 36cm.Filling substrate (peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=2: 1 (volume ratio)) also waters permeable immediately.
October 15 moved into Cool Room 4 DEG C (temperature maintains 2～6 DEG C) by potted plant and accepts low temperature treatment, and November 1, sunrise freezer was embedded in flowerpot under outdoor straw mat, to make branch accept natural low temperature and promote root temperature to increase.November 20 potted plant young plant is moved into glass greenhouse and carry out flower forcing processing.The adjusting of glass greenhouse temperature is followed the first pattern of low rear high requirement intensification, thermophilic, alternating temperature (day and night temperature) and is carried out.November 20, early stage did not heat in greenhouse, makes tree peony have the process of an adaptation by peony plant by outdoor immigration greenhouse.About November 25, terminal bud being smeared to gibberellin (be purchased from Beijing chemical reagents corporation, concentration is in table 3) processes.December 1, greenhouse started to heat, and front 10d ensures 15 DEG C of left and right on daytime, and 10 DEG C of left and right, entered little windbell after date and kept indoor temperature 20 DEG C of left and right on daytime on December 13 night, night 13 DEG C of left and right; Enter large windbell after date (about December 20), daytime 25 DEG C of left and right, night 15 DEG C of left and right, realize thus New Year's Day become flower.
Table 3 is carrying out the parameter values of screening varieties experiment and the measurement result of the parameter measured with kinds such as ' lily magnolias shine adornment ' for material
The assay method of the each index in each table is as follows above:
Bud number × 100% of the bud number/artificial treatment of germination rate (%)=sprouting
Become flower rate (%)=one-tenth to spend bud number × 100% of number/artificial treatment
Bud number × 100% of abortion rate (%)=abortion number/artificial treatment
Strain becomes flower rate (%)=plant number/processing plant number × 100% of blooming
Full-bloom stage (d)=flower reaches the number of days of maximum gauge continuous openness
Can be found out by table 3 result, Varieties of Peony preferred for this invention ' lily magnolia shine adornment ' and ' rich and honour full hall ' have shallow dormancy characteristic, there is no also to become colored under gibberellin treatment conditions, in conjunction with the GA of 500mg/L
3processing can be bloomed well during New Year's Day.Other several kinds ' delicate fragrance is white ' etc., although in conjunction with certain density gibberellin processing, because do not reach its required accumulated temperature amount during flower forcing processing New Year's Day, be difficult to bloom during New Year's Day in good time.So there is the success that the selection of the Varieties of Peony of shallow dormancy characteristic contributes to forcing culture on New Year's Day.
Embodiment described herein is only to the explanation of the preferred embodiments of the present invention example.Those skilled in the art can content disclosed according to the present invention carry out various amendments to described embodiment, but revise thus and within the technical scheme that does not depart from essence of the present invention that obtains still drops on appended claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a method of impelling shallow dormancy tree peony to bloom New Year's Day, described method comprises the steps:
1) choosing of Varieties of Peony: select plant from the Varieties of Peony with shallow dormancy characteristic;
2) lifting: at lifting on first 88 days to 95 days of New Year's Day;
3) natural seasoning upper basin: basin is gone up in natural seasoning for 2 days to 5 days afterwards in the cool;
4) freezer low temperature treatment: after upper basin 10 days to 15 days, the plant after upper basin is preferably carried out to the low temperature treatment of 10 days to 18 days at 3 DEG C to 8 DEG C in the freezer of 4 DEG C;
5) outdoor low temperature treatment: after described freezer low temperature treatment finishes, carry out the outdoor low temperature treatment of 15 days to 23 days; In addition preferably, described outdoor low temperature treatment is carried out in the following way: will be embedded in the hole of digging in advance under outdoor straw mat through the plant of described freezer low temperature treatment, basin surface coverage straw mat, and on straw mat earthing; In addition further preferably, before basin surface coverage straw mat, basin surface coverage one deck Polypropylence Sheet and with straw mat plug the gap between basin and basin with insulation; With
6) greenhouse maintenance is to blooming: after described outdoor low temperature treatment finishes, plant is moved into greenhouse maintenance to during New Year's Day, wherein, in the time of greenhouse maintenance, do not heat in first 7 to 10 days greenhouses; Then be that 10 DEG C of 15 DEG C of daytimes and nights are until the little windbell phase by the temperature adjusting in greenhouse; Then be that 20 DEG C of daytimes and 13 DEG C of nights are until the large windbell phase by the temperature adjusting in greenhouse; Entering large windbell after date, is 15 DEG C of 25 DEG C of daytimes and nights by the temperature adjusting in greenhouse.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described method is also included in the step of after lifting, plant being pruned, and plant is with the formal basin of naked; In addition preferably, when upper basin, the root length of plant is 30cm to 35cm; In addition preferably, after upper basin, water once permeable.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, in the time carrying out described outdoor low temperature treatment, is embedded in the plant band basin of upper basin under outdoor careless felt.
4. method as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, the Varieties of Peony wherein, with shallow dormancy characteristic is ' lily magnolia shine adornment ' (paeonia suffruticosa ' mulanhuanzhuang ') or ' rich and honour full ' (paeonia suffruticosa ' fuguimantang ').
5. the method as described in any one in claim 1 to 4, wherein, described plant is the plant in strong age of life in 4 to 5 years, preferred every plant has 6 to 10 full terminal buds.
6. the method as described in any one in claim 2 to 5, wherein, described training comprises wipes out sick and weak branch, deadwood, old complaint and/or hinders root; Preferably, described training further comprises the lateral bud removal step of the lateral bud below the terminal bud of erasing on plant branch.
7. the method as described in any one in claim 1 to 6, wherein, waters once permeable after upper basin.
8. the method as described in any one in claim 1 to 7, wherein, in the time carrying out described outdoor low temperature treatment, is exposed branch.
9. the method as described in any one in claim 1 to 8, wherein, is moving into plant behind greenhouse, smears gibberellin on bud; Preferably gibberellin concentration is 400mg/L to 600mg/L; Further preferably, gibberellin concentration is 500mg/L.
10. the method as described in any one in technical scheme 1 to 9, wherein, is moving into plant behind greenhouse, makes for 2-3 time the air humidity in greenhouse remain 70% to 90% by spraying water every day.
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| CN104686150A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-06-10 | 甘肃农业大学 | Flowering phase control method for promoting paeonia rockii to flower in winter |
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| CN105940906A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 施甸县美良园艺有限公司 | Orientation control method for peony blooming period |
| CN106576707A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-26 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Method for improving strawberry seedling survival rate |
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