CN103814733B - One rice field autumn potato and rape interplanting cultivation method - Google Patents
One rice field autumn potato and rape interplanting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814733B CN103814733B CN201410076021.1A CN201410076021A CN103814733B CN 103814733 B CN103814733 B CN 103814733B CN 201410076021 A CN201410076021 A CN 201410076021A CN 103814733 B CN103814733 B CN 103814733B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rice field autumn potato and rape interplanting efficient cultivation method, select autumn potato as cultivation seed, rape kind selects double-low rapeseed; Potato seed is carried out disinfection, stripping and slicing; To the potato seed vernalization refining bud of bulk, make it to grow naked eyes visible grain of rice shape bud; To the in good time early sowing of the potato seed growing bud, sowing time is 26-September 5 August; Potato seed and rape kind are interplanted, after paddy rice is received, does not plough, before sowing, railway carriage or compartment is opened to rice field, manage and enclose ditch and railway carriage or compartment ditch, during sowing, no-tillage seeding, face, railway carriage or compartment is planted four row duplicate rows potato seeds, the wrong nest cultivation of duplicate rows, during 15-25 day in September on duplicate rows potato seed limit live 5 row rapes; Use sufficient base fertilizer, based on fertilizer, coordinate composite inorganic fertile; After emerging, timely weeding is topdressed; Prevent curing the disease worm in time in growth stage after emerging, find that there is diseased plant and extract in time, and spray insect protected medicament.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that late fall, rice field resource utilization improved, the autumn potato and rape relay interplanting planting high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, relate to a kind of rice field autumn potato and rape interplanting cultivation method.
Background technology
Along with development and the popularization of increasing plantation new technology, plant husbandry benefit is increasing year by year.Rice field autumn potato/rape interplanting culture technique is the ecological protection of a collection, and cost-saving synergistic is in the agricultural synthesis new technology of one.For making full use of spring results, wait that the free time temperature light resources between planting is significant late autumn.Particularly breeding of hybrid rice field is comparatively early longer apart from the interval of planting late autumn for harvest time, therefore needs the interplanting finding a kind of autumn crop, makes full use of the harvested idle periods in rice field.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, providing a kind of rice field autumn potato and rape interplanting cultivation method, solves the rice field temperature light resources waste in late fall that existing traditional farming planting habit causes, general planting inefficiencies, the problem that farmer concepts is not high.
The technical solution used in the present invention is carried out according to following steps:
Step 1: selection autumn potato is as cultivation seed, and rape kind selects double-low rapeseed kind;
Step 2: potato seed to be carried out disinfection, stripping and slicing;
Step 3: to the potato seed vernalization refining bud of bulk, make it to grow naked eyes visible grain of rice shape bud;
Step 4: to the in good time early sowing of the potato seed growing bud, sowing time is 26-September 5 August;
Step 5: interplant potato seed and rape kind, after paddy rice is received, does not plough, and opens railway carriage or compartment before sowing to rice field, manage and enclose ditch and railway carriage or compartment ditch, during sowing, no-tillage seeding, face, railway carriage or compartment is planted four row duplicate rows potato seeds, the wrong nest cultivation of duplicate rows, during 15-25 day in September on duplicate rows potato seed limit live 5 row rapes;
Step 6: use sufficient base fertilizer, based on fertilizer, coordinates composite inorganic fertile;
Step 7: after emerging, timely weeding is topdressed;
Step 8: prevent curing the disease worm in time in the growth stage after emerging, find that there is diseased plant and extract in time, and spray insect protected medicament.
Technical characterstic of the present invention is also to select detoxification autumn potato 1 generation kind in step 1, and double-low rapeseed kind refers to that in rape oil, content of erucic acid is lower than 3%, and in dish cake, glucosinolate content is lower than the rape variety of 30 micromoles per gram.In step 2, single potato is heavily more than more than 40 grams, can stripping and slicing sowing; Only carrying out disinfection within single potato is heavily 40 grams; Potato seed is cut to the block of less than 40 grams, forbid Qie Pishi stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing cutter must be sterilized, can with wipes of alcohol wash disinfection or with burning, the process of sterilization, stripping and slicing is that potato seed is disinfected, and after potato seed stripping and slicing, eluriates with 1500 times of potassium permanganate water liquid, thin airing is done, and stripping and slicing sterilization potato seed is sprayed 1-2 time with gibberellin " 920 " 1-2ppm.In step 3, vernalization refining bud process is: as selected endemic species in the plantation of Pingba area, need not do vernalization process, within 10-15 days, having no awake bud, must do vernalization process before the sowing of potato kind; Germination accelerating method: potato seed is placed shady and cool place and stack 3-4 cun, then with coverings such as moistening straw, lose light, get final product rudiment in 5-7 days; Also directly can use the moisturizing such as straw, river sand vernalization, remove straw after seeing bud, bud can not be long; Spread refining bud out, but can not tan by the sun; The long 0.3-1cm of bud can sow.The specification of interplanting in step 5: open railway carriage or compartment for 2.2 meters, railway carriage or compartment face width 2 meters, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm, potato carries out wide-and narrow-row cultivation, narrow row line-spacing 10cm, wide every trade is apart from 40cm, line-spacing railway carriage or compartment, limit edge, face 20cm, potato cave is apart from 20cm, and the wrong nest of duplicate rows is cultivated, and potato mu plants 12000 nests; Rape cave is apart from 20cm, and every mu of sowing 7500 nests, every nest stays seedling 1 strain.In step 6, fertilizer is that Dry chick faeces 125 kilograms executes nest, or mu slag barnyard manure 2000-2500kg, coordinates composite inorganic N P and K 40-50kg, mix and apply in nest, more every mu is chosen with pig manure water 15-25.Add urea 1.5kg/ mu with clear liquid dung in step 7 to impose, can execute once again before flower bud.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that late fall, rice field resource utilization improved, the autumn potato and rape relay interplanting planting high efficiency.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be described, and the present invention potato of a kind of rice field autumn and rape interplanting cultivation method are:
One, suitable autumn potato (formal name used at school potato planted in autumn) kind is selected: detoxification autumn potato 1 generation kind can be selected, rape kind selects double-low rapeseed kind, double-low rapeseed kind refers to that in rape oil, content of erucic acid is lower than 3%, and in dish cake, glucosinolate content is lower than the rape variety of 30 micromoles per gram.
Two, sterilization, stripping and slicing: during planted in fall, temperature is high, high humidity, drought and flood change frequency are high, germ reproduction fast, for guaranteeing that potato seed is not susceptible, can carry out autumn potato potato seed and disinfecting, after potato seed stripping and slicing, eluriate with 1500 times of potassium permanganate water liquid, thin airing is done.It would be desirable and select 20-40 gram of disease-free infection, to wake up the whole little potato sowing of bud, single potato, heavily more than more than 40 grams, can be sowed, potato seed is cut to the block of less than 40 grams in stripping and slicing, forbids Qie Pishi stripping and slicing.Bacteria infection during for avoiding stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing cutter must be sterilized, can with wipes of alcohol wash disinfection or with burning, with gibberellin " 920 " 1-2ppm spraying 1-2 time in stripping and slicing sterilization potato seed.
Three, vernalization refining bud.Endemic species, in the plantation of Pingba area, need not do vernalization process.All 10-15 prior to seeding days have no the potato seed of awake bud (naked eyes visible grain of rice shape bud), must do vernalization process.Common method has: potato seed is placed shady and cool place and stack 3-4 cun, then with coverings such as moistening straw, lose light, within 5-7 days, get final product rudiment; Also directly the moisturizing such as straw, river sand vernalization can be used.Remove straw after seeing bud, bud can not be long; Spread refining bud out, but can not tan by the sun; The long 0.3-1cm of bud can sow.
Four, early sowing in good time.Potato planted in autumn is short for breeding time, and too early, mistake late sowing kind all has a significant impact output.If too early, temperature is high, is unfavorable for that it grows, and at high temperature the rotten potato in field is many in sowing, disease occurs heavy; Sowed late, then emerge late, breeding time is short, affects output.Therefore potato planted in autumn will obtain high yield, must catch Optimal sowing date.26-September 5 August, sowing was more suitable.Paddy rice opens railway carriage or compartment sowing as early as possible after receiving.
Five, no-tillage seeding, rational close planting.Paddy rice does not plough after receiving, and carries out no-tillage cultivation, but must manage and enclose ditch and railway carriage or compartment ditch.
Interplanting specification: open railway carriage or compartment for 2.2 meters, railway carriage or compartment face width 2 meters, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm.Face, railway carriage or compartment is planted eight row (four row duplicate rows) potato seed, five-element's rape.Potato carries out wide-and narrow-row cultivation, narrow row line-spacing 10cm, and wide every trade is apart from 40cm, line-spacing railway carriage or compartment, limit edge, face 20cm, and potato cave is apart from 20cm, and the wrong nest cultivation of duplicate rows, potato mu plants 12000 nests.
15-25 day in September is live 3 row rapes in the middle of face, railway carriage or compartment, and 1 row rape is respectively broadcast at edge, face, railway carriage or compartment, and rape cave is apart from 20cm, and every mu of sowing 7500 nests, every nest stays seedling 1 strain.
Six, base fertilizer is used sufficient.The unsuitable overweight fertilising of potato planted in autumn, generally based on decomposed manure, mu fertilizer Dry chick faeces 125 kilograms executes nest, or mu slag barnyard manure 2000-2500kg, coordinate composite inorganic N P and K 40-50kg, mix and apply in nest, more every mu is chosen with pig manure water 15-25.
Seven, strengthen management.Timely weeding after emerging, add urea 1.5kg/ mu with clear liquid dung and impose, the flower bud forward sight growth of cereal crop seedlings can be executed once again.
Eight, the growth stage prevents curing the disease worm in time.Late blight is very large to the yield effect of potato planted in autumn, must strengthen observing, prevent and treat in time.Once find primary infection focus in field, should pull out in time, or take the destruction of disease leaf, and carry out sprinkling control 1-2 time with medicaments such as systemic fungicide metalaxyls immediately.
Improve rice field resource utilization in late fall by this kind of interplanting method, the autumn potato and rape relay interplanting planting high efficiency, add the enthusiasm of peasant's interplanting, specification rice field autumn potato/rape interplanting efficiency cultivation technology for high.Autumn potato and rape interplanting can make full use of soil and natural resources, increase cropping index, improve agricultural benefit, increase farmers' income.Rape is different with breeding time from potato height, and interplanting can not only make full use of luminous energy, growth of mutually promoting, and during potato results, rape is flower bud a kind of sedge phase just, mutually without covering.
Continuous 2 years of 2011-2012 carries out autumn potato and rape interplanting great Qu comparative trial in Kai County, Chongqing City and Yongchuan District, Mei Dianmei district area 666.7m
2, twice repetition, randomized arrangement, contrast makes rape, Yongchuan point autumn potato/rape interplanting gross output value 34455.2 yuan/hm only
2, net earnings 19215.2 yuan/hm
2, only increase income 12796.2 yuan/hm as rape than contrast
2, increase income 199.3%.Kai Xian's point autumn potato/rape interplanting gross output value 43091 yuan/hm
2, net earnings 26786 yuan/hm
2, only increase income 21647.4 yuan/hm as rape than contrast
2, increase income 421.3%.2 autumn potato/rape interplanting autumn potato average yields are 3567.35kg/hm
2, rape seed average yield is 2663.25kg/hm
2, the gross output value reaches 38773.05 yuan/hm
2, net income 23000.55 yuan/hm
2.2 average specifics increase income 17221.8 yuan/hm as rape only
2, the ratio of increasing income reaches 310.3%, and economic benefit is very considerable.
Enumerate embodiment to be below described:
Embodiment 1: select detoxification autumn potato 1 generation kind as potato seed, potato seed is that after 100 grams of sterilization strippings and slicings, potato seed is placed the moistening rice straw mulching of shady and cool place's stacking 3 cun 5 days, August 26 was sowed, and railway carriage or compartment specification is opened in rice field: open railway carriage or compartment for 2.2 meters, railway carriage or compartment face width 2 meters, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm.Face, railway carriage or compartment is planted four row duplicate rows potato seeds, five-element's rape.Potato carries out wide-and narrow-row cultivation, narrow row line-spacing 10cm, and wide every trade is apart from 40cm, line-spacing railway carriage or compartment, limit edge, face 20cm, and potato cave is apart from 20cm, and the wrong nest cultivation of duplicate rows, potato mu plants 12000 nests.September 15 is live 3 row rapes in the middle of face, railway carriage or compartment, 1 row rape is respectively broadcast at edge, face, railway carriage or compartment, and 7500 nests, apart from 20cm, are sowed for every mu in rape cave, every nest stays seedling 1 strain, use sufficient base fertilizer, with slag barnyard manure 2000kg, coordinate composite inorganic N P and K 40kg, mix and apply in nest, choose with pig manure water 15 for every mu, timely weeding after emerging, adds urea 1.5kg/ mu with clear liquid dung and imposes once again.
Embodiment 2: select detoxification autumn potato 1 generation kind as potato seed, potato seed is that after 200 grams of sterilization strippings and slicings, potato seed is placed the moistening rice straw mulching of shady and cool place's stacking 4 cun 6 days, September 5 was sowed, and railway carriage or compartment specification is opened in rice field: open railway carriage or compartment for 2.2 meters, railway carriage or compartment face width 2 meters, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm.Face, railway carriage or compartment is planted four row duplicate rows potato seeds, five-element's rape.Potato carries out wide-and narrow-row cultivation, narrow row line-spacing 10cm, and wide every trade is apart from 40cm, line-spacing railway carriage or compartment, limit edge, face 20cm, and potato cave is apart from 20cm, and the wrong nest cultivation of duplicate rows, potato mu plants 12000 nests.September 15 is live 3 row rapes in the middle of face, railway carriage or compartment, 1 row rape is respectively broadcast at edge, face, railway carriage or compartment, and 7500 nests, apart from 20cm, are sowed for every mu in rape cave, every nest stays seedling 1 strain, use sufficient base fertilizer, with slag barnyard manure 2500kg, coordinate composite inorganic N P and K 50kg, mix and apply in nest, choose with pig manure water 25 for every mu, timely weeding after emerging, adds urea 1.5kg/ mu with clear liquid dung and imposes once again.
Claims (1)
1. the rice field autumn a potato and rape interplanting cultivation method, it is characterized in that carrying out according to following steps:
Step 1: selection autumn potato is as cultivation seed, and rape kind selects double-low rapeseed;
Step 2: potato seed to be carried out disinfection, stripping and slicing;
Step 3: to the potato seed vernalization refining bud of bulk, make it to grow naked eyes visible grain of rice shape bud;
Step 4: to the in good time early sowing of the potato seed growing bud, sowing time is 26-September 5 August;
Step 5: interplant potato seed and rape kind, after paddy rice is received, does not plough, and opens railway carriage or compartment before sowing to rice field, manage and enclose ditch and railway carriage or compartment ditch, during sowing, no-tillage seeding, face, railway carriage or compartment is planted four row duplicate rows potato seeds, the wrong nest cultivation of duplicate rows, during 15-25 day in September on duplicate rows potato seed limit live 5 row rapes;
Step 6: use sufficient base fertilizer, based on fertilizer, coordinates composite inorganic fertile;
Step 7: after emerging, timely weeding is topdressed;
Step 8: prevent curing the disease worm in time in the growth stage after emerging, find that there is diseased plant and extract in time, and spray insect protected medicament;
Select detoxification autumn potato 1 generation kind in described step 1, double-low rapeseed refers to that in rape oil, content of erucic acid is lower than 3%, and in dish cake, glucosinolate content is lower than the rape variety of 30 micromoles per gram;
In described step 2, single potato is heavily more than 40 grams, can stripping and slicing sowing; Only carrying out disinfection within single potato is heavily 40 grams; Potato seed is cut to the block of less than 40 grams, forbid Qie Pishi stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing cutter must be sterilized, with wipes of alcohol wash disinfection or with burning, the process of sterilization, stripping and slicing is that potato seed is disinfected, and after potato seed stripping and slicing, eluriates with 1500 times of potassium permanganate water liquid, thin airing is done, and stripping and slicing sterilization potato seed is sprayed 1-2 time with gibberellin " 920 " 1-2ppm;
In described step 3, vernalization refining bud process is: as selected endemic species in the plantation of Pingba area, need not do vernalization process, within 10-15 days, having no awake bud, must do vernalization process before the sowing of potato kind; Germination accelerating method: potato seed is placed shady and cool place and stack 3-4 cun, then use moistening rice straw mulching, lose light, get final product rudiment in 5-7 days; Or directly use straw, river sand moisturizing vernalization, remove straw after seeing bud, bud can not be long; Spread refining bud out, but can not tan by the sun; The long 0.3-1cm of bud can sow;
The specification of interplanting in described step 5: open railway carriage or compartment for 2.2 meters, railway carriage or compartment face width 2 meters, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm, potato carries out wide-and narrow-row cultivation, narrow row line-spacing 10cm, wide every trade is apart from 40cm, line-spacing railway carriage or compartment, limit edge, face 20cm, potato cave is apart from 20cm, and the wrong nest of duplicate rows is cultivated, and potato mu plants 12000 nests; Rape cave is apart from 20cm, and sow 7500 nests for every mu, every nest stays seedling 1 strain;
In described step 6, fertilizer is Dry chick faeces 125 kilograms, or mu slag barnyard manure 2000-2500kg, coordinates composite inorganic N P and K 40-50kg, mix and apply in nest, more every mu is chosen with pig manure water 15-25;
Add urea 1.5kg/ mu with clear liquid dung in described step 7 to impose, execute again once before flower bud.
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| CN113615512B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-05-13 | 湖南科技大学 | Method for reducing diseases and weeds of rape in seedling stage by adopting mixed buckwheat |
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| CN102037827A (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-05-04 | 赵夫缘 | New technology of wide mulch planting |
| CN103098679A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-15 | 林天国 | Cultivation method for interplanting sweet corns in paddies without floods and droughts |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20020083839A (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2002-11-04 | 이동춘 | Hermicide reduction method for mulching cultivar by gramineae intercropping |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101697682A (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2010-04-28 | 崔涛 | Method of three-dimensional culture for interplanting rape, stemona, beet and pawpaw |
| CN102037827A (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-05-04 | 赵夫缘 | New technology of wide mulch planting |
| CN103098679A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-15 | 林天国 | Cultivation method for interplanting sweet corns in paddies without floods and droughts |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 水稻油菜两季田增种秋洋芋技术;张勇军等;《农家科技》;20071001(第10期);第14-15页 * |
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