CN113615512B

CN113615512B - Method for reducing diseases and weeds of rape in seedling stage by adopting mixed buckwheat

Info

Publication number: CN113615512B
Application number: CN202111079813.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 严明理; 邹婷; 周定港; 王同华; 曲亮; 张大为; 吴金锋; 李莓; 刘丽莉
Original assignee: HUNAN INSTITUTE OF CROPS; Hunan University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: HUNAN INSTITUTE OF CROPS; Hunan University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-09-15
Filing date: 2021-09-15
Publication date: 2022-05-13
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-15
Also published as: CN113615512A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop production, and particularly relates to a method for reducing rape seedling-stage disease and weed by adopting mixed buckwheat, which mainly comprises the following steps: 1. field block arrangement: the soil is turned after the straws and weeds of the crops on the upper part of the field are removed, and under the premise of not damaging the plough bottom layer, deep ploughing is carried out, the surface soil is broken finely, and the soil is prepared and ridged; 2. planting buckwheat: buckwheat which is rich in flavone, procyanidine, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and arabinose and is not resistant to low temperature is selected as a matched mixed seed material, and the buckwheat is uniformly broadcast and sown between 10 and 15 days before the conventional sowing period of the rape; 3. planting rape: after buckwheat is sowed for 10-15 days, rape is sowed on the ridge of each plot. According to the invention, a proper buckwheat variety is selected to be mixed with the rape, so that the occurrence of clubroot and the influence of weed damage of the rape in the seedling stage can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the characteristic that the buckwheat is not low-temperature resistant is utilized, the buckwheat mixed with the rape is naturally removed in the frost period of 11 months, the prevention and control of the weed damage of the rape are further enhanced, and nutrients can be provided for the subsequent growth.

Description

Method for reducing diseases and weeds of rape in seedling stage by adopting mixed buckwheat

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop production, and particularly relates to a method for reducing rape seedling-stage disease and weed by adopting mixed buckwheat.

Background

Rape is a major oil and vegetable crop in the world and is the leading source of vegetable oil in china. The rape plays an important role in promoting the development of agricultural industry, improving the life of people and the like. In the rape planting process, the occurrence of diseases and weeds is an important factor influencing the yield and the quality of rape. In recent years, rape diseases and weeds are increased year by year due to single farming modes and extensive management, and rape production is seriously threatened. The problems of potential food safety hazards, environmental pollution and the like can be caused by excessive use of pesticides by growers to prevent and treat diseases and weeds.

For the clubroot of rape, the main method at present mainly uses pesticides, cultures the clubroot-resistant rape varieties or adopts crop rotation other plants for preventing and treating, and the long-term use of a large amount of pesticides is likely to cause food potential safety hazards and environmental pollution; the cultivation of the clubroot-resistant rape varieties also has the technical problems of high cultivation difficulty, unstable later-stage resistance inheritance, unstable clubroot-resistant effect and the like; when other plants are crop rotation, the rape planting period may need to be vacated for crop rotation, the rape production is obviously reduced, the stable supply of oil is not facilitated, and the actual anti-clubroot effect is not good. In the case of rape weeds, the weeds are mainly used for controlling, and recently, intercropping other plants are also reported to be used for growing competitively with weeds so as to inhibit the growth of the weeds, but the intercropping plants in the intercropping method can compete with the growth of the rape so as to cause the adverse effect of reduced yield of the rape.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for reducing the diseases and weeds of rape in the seedling stage by adopting mixed buckwheat.

According to earlier researches, when buckwheat and rape are planted in a field in a matched manner, the weed and clubroot of the rape are relieved, and the proanthocyanidin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, arabinose and other substances in the buckwheat have allelopathy, so that the growth of weeds and the dormant spore germination of the clubroot in soil are inhibited. Further research shows that compared with buckwheat with low content of procyanidin in mixed seeds, the mixed seeds contain procyanidin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and arabinose, the total flavone content of the plants is more than 2.5mg/g, the total amount of weeds such as descurainia sophia, Lemna mallow, digitaria sanguinalis, polygonum glaucum, polygonum hydropiper, barnyard grass and purslane and the number of rape clubroot disease onset plants are remarkably reduced, and the buckwheat rich in procyanidin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, arabinose and flavone has better inhibition effect on the weeds and clubroot disease. Based on the method, buckwheat is mixed in the rape, so that the damage of the weed and clubroot of the rape is reduced in the seedling stage of the rape, the disease and weed can be prevented and controlled with little or no pesticide in the cultivation stage of the rape, the yield of the rape can be ensured, technical support is provided for green production of the rape, good economic value can be created, and the application prospect is wide.

In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a method for reducing rape seedling stage disease and weed by mixed buckwheat, which comprises the following steps:

s1, field block arrangement: selecting field blocks with clubroot diseases for more than 3 years continuously, removing crop straws and weeds on the field blocks, turning the field, and trying to deeply plough, finely crushing surface soil and integrally ploughing on the premise of not damaging a plough bottom layer;

s2, planting buckwheat: buckwheat which is rich in flavone, procyanidine, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and arabinose and does not resist low temperature is selected as a matched mixed seed material, and buckwheat is uniformly broadcast and sowed 10-15 days before the rape seeding time;

s3, planting rape: after 10-15 days of buckwheat sowing, carrying out drill sowing on the rapes on each plot, wherein the row spacing is 20-30cm, each row is provided with a row ditch with the depth of 3-5cm, the buckwheat plants growing in the row ditches are broken and ploughed when the row ditches are opened, a part of the buckwheat plants beside the row ditches are crushed by machines or manpower when the row ditches are opened, and the rest cultivation measures are carried out according to the conventional rape planting management method.

Preferably, in the step S2, the buckwheat is buckwheat, one or more of stems, leaves and petals of the buckwheat is red, and the buckwheat is frozen to death in a frost period of 11 months.

Preferably, the content of total flavonoids in the buckwheat plant in the step S2 is not less than 2.5 mg/g.

Preferably, the content of procyanidine in the buckwheat plant in the step S2 is not less than 0.7mg/g, the content of ferulic acid is not less than 0.4mg/g, the content of caffeic acid is not less than 0.3mg/g, and the content of arabinose is not less than 0.1 mg/g.

Preferably, the furrow width of each cell is 2-3m and the furrow width is 0.2-0.4m when the furrow is made in the step S1.

Preferably, the sowing time of the rape in the step S2 is 9-10 months per year.

Preferably, the seeding amount of the buckwheat in the step S2 is 5-7 kg per mu.

Preferably, the main cultivar rape of step S3 is canola, which is low erucic acid, low glucosinolate.

The buckwheat which is rich in flavone, procyanidine, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and arabinose and does not resist low temperature is creatively selected as a matched mixed seed material to be mixed with the double-low rape, the allelopathy of the substances enriched by the buckwheat is utilized to inhibit the growth of weeds in the rape and the germination of resting spores of clubroot in soil, the mixed seed rape and the buckwheat can obviously reduce the influence of clubroot and weed in the seedling stage of the rape, and simultaneously, the characteristic that the buckwheat is not resistant to low temperature is utilized to naturally remove the mixed seed buckwheat in the frost period of 11 months, thereby further strengthening the prevention and control of the disease and the weed of the rape and providing nutrients for the subsequent growth.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the buckwheat and the rape are mixed, the buckwheat rich in flavone, procyanidine, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and arabinose is specifically selected as a matched mixed material, the allelopathy of the flavone, procyanidine, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, arabinose and the like is utilized, the substances are secreted into soil through the buckwheat root system or naturally decomposed after plants die and enter the soil, the growth of weeds in the rape and the germination of dormant spores of clubroot in the soil can be better inhibited, the higher the contents of flavone, procyanidine, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and arabinose in the buckwheat are, the stronger the allelopathy is, and therefore, the mixed planting of the rape and the buckwheat can obviously reduce the influence of clubroot and weed in the seedling stage of the rape. After the buckwheat is planted in a mixed mode, weeds and clubroot are obviously reduced, and compared with a control mode of planting rape alone, the total quantity of weeds such as descurainia sophia, Lemna mallow, crab grass, Polygonum criopolitanum, Polygonum macrocarpium, barnyard grass, purslane and the like is reduced to 45-55%, and the quantity of plants with the clubroot of rape is reduced to 31-35%.

2. The method is characterized in that rice in a rice oil rotation area is harvested in 9-10 months, the rape sowing period is 9-10 months, a buckwheat variety which is not resistant to low temperature is selected preferably, buckwheat seedlings in a ditch are broken when the rape is ditched before the rape is sown, a part of buckwheat plants beside the ditch is crushed by a machine or manpower when the ditch is ditched, a space is provided for the rapid growth of the rape, the buckwheat which is not resistant to low temperature is naturally killed and completely removed due to frost after the rape enters 11 months of frost, and the removal of the buckwheat can prevent the competitive growth of the buckwheat and the rape from influencing the yield of the rape on one hand; on the other hand, the frost and naturally dead buckwheat can continuously inhibit diseases and weeds in the later growth period of the rapes in the soil, and the rotten buckwheat can also be used as an organic fertilizer to provide nutrients for the growth of the rapes.

3. In the method, buckwheat seeds are sown 10-15 days before the rape sowing period, the buckwheat is enabled to sprout and grow in advance, the action of the buckwheat for inhibiting the growth of weeds and the germination of dormancy spores of clubroot in soil is generated initially, and then the rape seeds are sown normally 10-15 days later, so that the advantage of preventing and controlling diseases and weeds by mixed planting of the buckwheat and the rape can be better exerted.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Example 1

Adopts mixed buckwheat

1. Field block arrangement: selecting field blocks with clubroot diseases for more than 3 years continuously, removing crop straws and weeds on the field blocks, turning the field, and trying to deeply plough, finely crushing surface soil and integrally ploughing to form ridges on the premise of not damaging a plough bottom layer, wherein the ridge width of each plot is 2m, and the furrow width is 0.2 m;

2. planting buckwheat: selecting sweet buckwheat which is not resistant to low temperature and has the total flavone content of 3.0mg/g, the procyanidine content of 0.9mg/g, the ferulic acid content of 0.6mg/g, the caffeic acid content of 0.6mg/g and the arabinose content of 0.15mg/g in the plants as a matched mixed seed material, and uniformly broadcasting the buckwheat 10 days before the rape seeding time, wherein the seeding amount is 5 kilograms per mu;

3. planting rape: selecting low erucic acid and low glucosinolate rape, sowing the rape on the ridge of each plot 10 days after buckwheat is sowed, row spacing is 20cm, each row is provided with a row ditch with the depth of 5cm, buckwheat plants growing in the row ditches are broken and ploughed when the row ditches are opened, a part of the buckwheat plants beside the row ditches are crushed by machines or workers when the row ditches are opened, and the rest cultivation measures are carried out according to the conventional rape planting management method.

Example 2

Adopts mixed buckwheat

1. Field block arrangement: selecting field blocks with clubroot diseases for more than 3 years continuously, removing crop straws and weeds on the field blocks, turning the field, and trying to deeply plough, finely crushing surface soil and integrally ploughing to form ridges on the premise of not damaging a plough bottom layer, wherein the ridge width of each plot is 3m, and the furrow width is 0.4 m;

2. planting buckwheat: selecting buckwheat which is not resistant to low temperature and has the total flavone content of 2.5mg/g, the procyanidine content of 0.7mg/g, the ferulic acid content of 0.4mg/g, the caffeic acid content of 0.3mg/g and the arabinose content of 0.1mg/g in the plants as a matched mixed seed material, and uniformly broadcasting the buckwheat between 15 days before the rape seeding time, wherein the seeding amount is 7 kilograms per mu;

3. planting rape: selecting low erucic acid and low glucosinolate rape, sowing the rape for 15 days, drilling the rape on ridges of each cell, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, each row is provided with a row ditch with the depth of 5cm, the buckwheat plants growing in the row ditches are broken and ploughed when the row ditches are opened, a part of the buckwheat plants beside the row ditches are crushed by machines or workers when the row ditches are opened, and the rest cultivation measures are carried out according to a conventional rape planting management method.

Example 3

Adopts mixed buckwheat

1. Field block arrangement: selecting field blocks with clubroot diseases for more than 3 years continuously, removing crop straws and weeds on the field blocks, turning the field, and trying to deeply plough, finely crushing surface soil and integrally ploughing to form ridges on the premise of not damaging a plough bottom layer, wherein the width of each plot is 2.5m, and the width of each furrow is 0.3 m;

2. planting buckwheat: selecting buckwheat which has the total flavone content of 3.1mg/g, the procyanidine content of 0.8mg/g, the ferulic acid content of 0.9mg/g, the caffeic acid content of 0.35mg/g and the arabinose content of 0.1mg/g and does not resist low temperature in plants as a matched mixed seed material, and uniformly broadcasting the buckwheat between 12 days before the rape seeding time, wherein the seeding amount is 6 kilograms per mu;

3. planting rape: selecting low erucic acid and low glucosinolate rape, sowing the rape for 12 days, drilling the rape on ridges of each cell, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, each row is provided with a row ditch with the depth of 4cm, the buckwheat plants growing in the row ditches are broken and ploughed when the row ditches are opened, a part of the buckwheat plants beside the row ditches are crushed by machines or workers when the row ditches are opened, and the rest cultivation measures are carried out according to a conventional rape planting management method.

Comparative example 1

Adopts mixed buckwheat

2. planting buckwheat: selecting buckwheat which has the total flavone content of 2.0mg/g, the procyanidine content of 0.6mg/g, the ferulic acid content of 0.3mg/g, the caffeic acid content of 0.2mg/g and the arabinose content of 0.08mg/g and is not resistant to low temperature in plants as a matched mixed seed material, and uniformly broadcasting the buckwheat between 12 days before the rape seeding time, wherein the seeding amount is 6 kilograms per mu;

Comparative example 2

Adopts mixed buckwheat

2. planting buckwheat: selecting buckwheat which has the total flavone content of 1.8mg/g, the procyanidine content of 0.3mg/g, the ferulic acid content of 0.2mg/g, the caffeic acid content of 0.1mg/g and the arabinose content of 0.05mg/g and is not resistant to low temperature in plants as a matched mixed seed material, and uniformly broadcasting the buckwheat between 12 days before the rape seeding time, wherein the seeding amount is 6 kilograms per mu;

Comparative example 3

Blank control with separately planted rape

2. planting rape: selecting low erucic acid and low glucosinolate 'double low' rape, drilling the rape on the ridge of each cell, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, each row is provided with a row ditch with the depth of 4cm, a part of buckwheat plants beside the row ditch are crushed by a machine or a worker during ditching, and the rest cultivation measures are carried out according to a conventional rape planting management method.

Test example 1

The conditions of weeds and clubroot of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 were counted, respectively, 10 days after death of buckwheat plants in a frost period of 3 consecutive days for 11 months, and detailed in Table 1.

TABLE 1 statistics of clubroot incidence and weed condition for different rape planting methods

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Comparative example 1

Comparative example 2

Comparative example 3

Incidence of clubroot

32％

35％

31％

81％

90％

100％

Incidence of weed damage

45％

52％

44％

71％

74％

100％

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for reducing rape seedling stage disease and weed by adopting mixed buckwheat is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, field block arrangement: selecting field blocks with clubroot diseases for more than 3 years continuously, removing crop straws and weeds on the field blocks, turning the field, and trying to deeply plough, finely crushing surface soil and ridging the whole land on the premise of not damaging a plough bottom layer;

s2, planting buckwheat: buckwheat which is rich in flavone, procyanidine, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and arabinose and is not resistant to low temperature is selected as a matched mixed seed material, and the buckwheat is uniformly broadcast and sown between 10 and 15 days before the rape sowing period;

s3, planting rape: after 10-15 days of buckwheat sowing, carrying out drill sowing on the rapes on each plot, wherein the row spacing is 20-30cm, each row is provided with a row ditch with the depth of 3-5cm, the buckwheat plants growing in the row ditches are broken and ploughed when the row ditches are opened, a part of the buckwheat plants beside the row ditches are crushed by machines or manpower when the row ditches are opened, and the rest cultivation measures are carried out according to a conventional rape planting management method;

in the step S2, the buckwheat is buckwheat, one or more of stems, leaves and petals of the buckwheat are red, and the buckwheat is frozen to death in a frost period of 11 months.

2. The method for reducing rape seedling diseases and weeds by using buckwheat hybrid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total flavone content of the buckwheat plant in the step S2 is not less than 2.5 mg/g.

3. The method for reducing rape seedling diseases and weeds by using buckwheat hybrid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of procyanidine, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and arabinose in the buckwheat plant in the step S2 is not less than 0.7mg/g, not less than 0.4mg/g, not less than 0.3mg/g and not less than 0.1 mg/g.

4. The method for reducing rape seedling diseases and weeds by using buckwheat hybrid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the furrow width of each cell is 2-3m and the furrow width is 0.2-0.4m when the furrow is made in the step S1.

5. The method for reducing rape seedling diseases and weeds by using buckwheat hybrid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rape is sown at 9-10 months per year in the step S2.

6. The method for reducing rape seedling diseases and weeds by using buckwheat hybrid according to claim 1, wherein the seeding amount of buckwheat in step S2 is 5-7 kg/mu.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the main rape cultivar of step S3 is canola with low erucic acid and low glucosinolate.