CN114403145B - Preparation for effectively preventing and controlling underground pests of sweet potatoes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Preparation for effectively preventing and controlling underground pests of sweet potatoes and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114403145B
CN114403145B CN202111420526.1A CN202111420526A CN114403145B CN 114403145 B CN114403145 B CN 114403145B CN 202111420526 A CN202111420526 A CN 202111420526A CN 114403145 B CN114403145 B CN 114403145B
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preparation
umbelliferone
sweet potato
fluorite
controlling
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CN114403145A (en
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张海燕
解备涛
段文学
汪宝卿
董顺旭
张立明
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Jining Shortgrass Valley Agricultural Development Co ltd
CROP Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jining Shortgrass Valley Agricultural Development Co ltd
CROP Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a preparation for effectively preventing and controlling underground pests of sweet potatoes, and a preparation method thereof. The preparation for effectively preventing and controlling the sweet potato soil insects is prepared from the umbelliferone as an active ingredient by a loading mode loaded on the surface of fluorite, wherein the prevention and control agent is applied to planting soil before sweet potato sowing, and utilizes the inhibition effect of umbelliferone on grubs to effectively prevent and control the soil insects in sweet potato planting, so that the yield and quality of sweet potatoes are effectively ensured. The preparation capable of effectively preventing and controlling the underground pests of the sweet potatoes can effectively ensure safe and efficient planting of the sweet potatoes by using the umbelliferone for preventing and controlling grub pests for the first time.

Description

Preparation for effectively preventing and controlling underground pests of sweet potatoes and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a preparation for effectively preventing and controlling underground pests of sweet potatoes, and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Sweet potato is an important crop product in China, has the advantages of ultrahigh yield and wide adaptability, and is widely valued as a bottom line crop with national grain safety and an energy crop with maximum potential. China is the biggest sweet potato production country in the world, and moderate development of the sweet potato industry accords with the administrative guidelines of central grain storage in the ground, grain storage in the technology and agricultural transformation and upgrading, and is also beneficial to guaranteeing national grain safety. While the pioneer crop serving as the health food, the sweet potato is the best food recommended by the world health organization, and the fresh sweet potato is more and more favored by people.
Grubs are the collective name of underground pests of the scaridae, are also the most main pests in a sweet potato planting system, and have the characteristics of large quantity and high hazard. The grubs can cause holes in the sweet potato blocks after being harmful to the sweet potato, so that not only the sweet potato yield is affected, but also the invasion of germs is easily caused, the occurrence of diseases in the field and in the storage period is aggravated, the quality and commodity rate of fresh sweet potato are seriously affected, and great loss is caused to the economic income of farmers.
At present, high-toxicity and high-residue medicaments such as Shennongdan and carbofuran are mostly used for controlling sweet potato soil insects in production, but the safety of foods and the ecological environment are greatly damaged. Some scholars screen the control agents of the sweet potato soil insects, but most pesticides still have the problems of short duration, unstable control effect and the like. Therefore, the preparation which can effectively prevent and control the soil insects of the sweet potato is developed, and has positive significance for planting sweet potato crops.
Umbelliferone (Umbelliferone), also known as Umbelliferone, 7-hydroxycoumarin, is mainly found in the roots of the plants carrot (Daucus carota L. Var. Sativa DC) of the family Umbelliferae, seeds of the plants Coronilla varia (Coronilla varia L.) of the family Leguminosae, whole grass of the plants Ruta graveolens L. The umbelliferone has been paid attention to in recent years as a medicament with application prospect of resisting bacteria, resisting cancer and reducing blood pressure, but no report on the prevention and control of sweet potato soil insects, especially grubs, is available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation capable of effectively preventing and controlling the underground insect pests of the sweet potatoes so as to solve the problem of grubs and insect pests in sweet potato planting;
the second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the preparation for effectively preventing and controlling the soil insects of the sweet potatoes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the preparation method of the preparation for effectively preventing and controlling the underground pests of the sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving umbelliferone in ethanol solution to obtain umbelliferone solution;
(2) Taking fluorite as a carrier, crushing, and completely soaking in the umbelliferone solution until ethanol is completely volatilized;
(3) And (3) drying the fluorite subjected to the impregnation treatment at a low temperature, and grinding to obtain the fluorite.
Specifically, the ethanol solution is ethanol solution with the volume concentration of 50-70 v/v%.
Specifically, the mass concentration of the umbelliferone solution is 10-50wt%.
Specifically, the mass ratio of fluorite to umbelliferone is 100:20-30.
Specifically, the temperature of the low-temperature drying step is 30-40 ℃.
Specifically, the grinding step is to grind the fluorite to a particle size of less than 1mm.
The invention also discloses a preparation prepared by the method for effectively preventing and controlling the underground pests of the sweet potatoes.
The invention also discloses application of the preparation in the field of prevention and control of sweet potato underground pests.
Specifically, the soil insects comprise grubs.
Specifically, the formulation is applied to the planting soil prior to sweet potato planting.
The invention also discloses application of the umbelliferone in preparing a preparation for preventing and controlling sweet potato soil insects.
The preparation for effectively preventing and controlling the sweet potato soil insects is prepared from the umbelliferone as an active ingredient by a loading mode loaded on the surface of fluorite, wherein the prevention and control agent is applied to planting soil before sweet potato sowing, and utilizes the inhibition effect of umbelliferone on grubs to effectively prevent and control the soil insects in sweet potato planting, so that the yield and quality of sweet potatoes are effectively ensured. The preparation capable of effectively preventing and controlling the underground pests of the sweet potatoes can effectively ensure safe and efficient planting of the sweet potatoes by using the umbelliferone for preventing and controlling grub pests for the first time.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation method of the preparation for effectively preventing and controlling the sweet potato soil insects comprises the following steps:
(1) 20g of umbelliferone is taken and dissolved in ethanol solution with the volume concentration of 50 percent to obtain umbelliferone solution with the mass concentration of 30 weight percent for standby;
(2) Taking 100g of fluorite crushed to a micron level, completely soaking the fluorite in the umbelliferone solution, fully mixing and soaking until ethanol is completely volatilized;
(3) Drying the fluorite subjected to the impregnation treatment at a low temperature of 30-40 ℃, and grinding the fluorite until the particle size is smaller than 1mm.
Example 2
The preparation method of the preparation for effectively preventing and controlling the sweet potato soil insects comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking 25g of umbelliferone, and dissolving in an ethanol solution with the volume concentration of 60% to obtain umbelliferone solution with the mass concentration of 30wt% for later use;
(2) Taking 100g of fluorite crushed to a micron level, completely soaking the fluorite in the umbelliferone solution, fully mixing and soaking until ethanol is completely volatilized;
(3) Drying the fluorite subjected to the impregnation treatment at a low temperature of 30-40 ℃, and grinding the fluorite until the particle size is smaller than 1mm.
Example 3
The preparation method of the preparation for effectively preventing and controlling the sweet potato soil insects comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking 30g of umbelliferone, and dissolving in an ethanol solution with the volume concentration of 70% to obtain umbelliferone solution with the mass concentration of 30wt% for later use;
(2) Taking 100g of fluorite crushed to a micron level, completely soaking the fluorite in the umbelliferone solution, fully mixing and soaking until ethanol is completely volatilized;
(3) Drying the fluorite subjected to the impregnation treatment at a low temperature of 30-40 ℃, and grinding the fluorite until the particle size is smaller than 1mm.
Experimental example
In the following experimental examples, the variety 7 of the sweet potato is taken as an experimental variety, and a mountain-east Linyi planting park is selected for planting in the last ten days of 5 months. The sweet potato planting process is achieved by referring to the conventional planting means.
Seed selection: selecting the seed-state high-quality variety 7 of the sweet potato.
And (3) reapplying a base fertilizer: in the light soil or sandy soil field, main ditches, enclosing ditches and furrows are formed, so that the ditches are smooth, the ditches bottom is straight, and the ditches are stopped in a rainy day. And (3) uniformly spreading 25-30 kg of high-efficiency compound fertilizer with N-P-K of 16-8-16 for each mu, and then leveling and ridging.
High-ridge close planting: selecting 5000 plants planted per mu with ridge bottom width of 1.2m, ridge height of 40cm and ridge surface width of 70cm, 3 rows of staggered pits (marching planting) in each ridge, pit spacing of 33cm, and keeping attention to the density corresponding to the growth habit of the species.
Pocket Shi Yaoji: 3 plots were selected, each with substantially uniform soil conditions, one of which (experimental group) was subjected to hole application at 15kg/hm prior to sowing, with the formulation described in example 2 2 Adding water to form homogeneous suspension, and filling into holes; alternatively, one plot (control) was treated with 30% phoxim microcapsules at 15kg/hm 2 Diluting the medicament and filling the medicament into the cavity; the remaining land is used as a blank group without any treatment with any agent.
Cultivating the long rattan in a dish: in the afternoon or in the shade on sunny days, selecting seedling with tip which is not aged by drought, and the seedling has length of 30-40 cm, 8-10 opened green leaves, preferably 2-3 buds with length of 5-10 cm at the seedling base. When planting, firstly, a small ash knife or ash seeds are used for digging pits, then sweet potato seedlings are coiled into a circular ring shape, the soil is filled into the holes with the depth of 10-13 cm and 6-7 knots, the soil filling part is flat, the soil is covered with soil and loosened, and the Sydney leaves and the seedling tips are exposed, so that the seedlings can be stably planted by thoroughly applying human and animal manure water. If the soil is drought, the pond can be opened for watering, and the soil is harvested and planted; if high-temperature strong light is encountered, the rice straw can be used for uncovering the rice straw for 2-3 days, or only three leaves at the tip of the seedling are exposed during planting, and other leaves are buried in the soil, so that the survival of the whole seedling is facilitated.
Topdressing and seedling lifting: cultivating 7-10 days after planting, filling 7-10 kg of 40% high-efficiency compound fertilizer into a pond, and lifting seedlings by human and animal manure water, wherein when vine is She Feng ridges, the mu is sprayed with 0.5 kg of 21.8% zinc sulfate or 0.8 kg of compound zinc fertilizer and 50 kg of water; then, according to the growth condition, 100g of monopotassium phosphate and 150 g of urea are used for each mu, and 50 kg of water is added for foliar spraying for 2-3 times.
Pinching and propagating branches: when the sweet potato seedlings survive, a plurality of seedling points are removed, so that vines can be shortened, branches can be increased, green leaves can be increased, plant types can be improved, and multi-junction sweet potato is facilitated; it should be noted that the rattan is not required to be turned, and a "rattan" is not required, and the overgrown rattan can be tidied, the vine is lifted, the fibrous root is blocked, and the overgrowth is controlled.
Drainage and stain prevention: the ditches are cleaned at any time to remove the sludge, the ridge surface is corrected, and no ponding exists in the ditches.
Harvesting at proper time: harvesting at proper time after the growth is mature.
When sweet potatoes are planted and harvested, each land block selects sweet potatoes at the middle position for block-by-block investigation, the number of the sweet potato blocks at each level is recorded according to a grading standard, and data such as insect bite rate, insect bite index, commodity rate and the like are calculated, so that the control effect of the agent used in the invention on the underground insect pests of the sweet potatoes is comprehensively evaluated.
The potato block insect bite level is classified according to the following standard:
level 0: the surfaces of the potato blocks are smooth without insect bite;
stage 1: 1-2 insect biting holes are formed, the insect biting depth is shallow, the surface of the potato block is smooth, and the commodity rate of the potato block is not affected;
2 stages: 3-4 insect biting holes are formed, the insect biting depth is moderate, obvious insect biting marks are visible on the surfaces of the potato blocks, and the commodity rate of the potato blocks is affected;
3 stages: the number of insect biting holes is more than 5, the insect biting depth is deeper, and the commodity rate of the potato blocks is seriously influenced.
And performing differential significance analysis on the test data by adopting a DPS data processing system. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
insect bite rate = [ (number of 1 level potato blocks+number of 2 level potato blocks+number of 3 level potato blocks)/survey total number of potato blocks ] ×100%;
commodity rate = [ (number of 0 level potato pieces+number of 1 level potato pieces)/total number of investigation ] ×100%;
control effect = [ (white space insect bite rate-treatment area insect bite rate)/white space insect bite rate ] ×100%.
The sweet potato situation of the experimental group land parcels, the control group land parcels and the blank group land parcels were counted respectively, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical results of sweet potato for each plot
Therefore, the preparation for preventing and controlling the underground pests of the sweet potatoes takes the umbelliferone as an active ingredient, has a good inhibition effect on underground pests such as grubs in sweet potato planting, has a control effect similar to that of a 30% phoxim microcapsule which is recognized in the art, and can effectively ensure safe and efficient planting of the sweet potatoes.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The application of the preparation for effectively preventing and controlling the sweet potato soil insects in the field of sweet potato soil insect prevention and control is characterized in that the preparation method of the preparation for effectively preventing and controlling the sweet potato soil insects comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving umbelliferone in ethanol solution to obtain umbelliferone solution;
(2) Taking fluorite as a carrier, crushing, and completely soaking in the umbelliferone solution until ethanol is completely volatilized;
(3) And (3) drying the fluorite subjected to the impregnation treatment at a low temperature, and grinding to obtain the fluorite.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the ethanol solution is an ethanol solution having a volume concentration of 50-70 v/v%.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the mass concentration of the umbelliferone solution is 10-50wt%.
4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of fluorite to umbelliferone is 100:20-30.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the low temperature drying step is carried out at a temperature of 30-40 ℃.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the grinding step is grinding the fluorite to a particle size of less than 1mm.
7. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the subterranean pest comprises a grub.
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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008062821A1 (en) * 2006-11-21 2008-05-29 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Composition for controlling plant disease and insect damage and method for preventing plant disease and insect damage
CN101869106A (en) * 2010-06-22 2010-10-27 北京农学院 Umbelliferone plant fungicide and application thereof
JP2012041326A (en) * 2010-08-17 2012-03-01 Yuutekku Business Kk Pest control material
CN103565799A (en) * 2013-10-11 2014-02-12 广东省农业科学院动物卫生研究所 Application of umbelliferone in preparing anti-eimeria tenella medicine

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JP5717034B2 (en) * 2012-08-27 2015-05-13 丸和バイオケミカル株式会社 Soil nematode control agent containing macrolide compounds

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008062821A1 (en) * 2006-11-21 2008-05-29 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Composition for controlling plant disease and insect damage and method for preventing plant disease and insect damage
CN101869106A (en) * 2010-06-22 2010-10-27 北京农学院 Umbelliferone plant fungicide and application thereof
JP2012041326A (en) * 2010-08-17 2012-03-01 Yuutekku Business Kk Pest control material
CN103565799A (en) * 2013-10-11 2014-02-12 广东省农业科学院动物卫生研究所 Application of umbelliferone in preparing anti-eimeria tenella medicine

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张等宏 等，."瑞香狼毒根中杀螨活性物质的分离鉴定"，.《甘肃农业大学学报》.2018,第第53卷卷(第第1期期),第95-101页. *

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