CN111616012A - Integrated control method for lentil sclerotinia rot - Google Patents
Integrated control method for lentil sclerotinia rot Download PDFInfo
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- CN111616012A CN111616012A CN202010507961.7A CN202010507961A CN111616012A CN 111616012 A CN111616012 A CN 111616012A CN 202010507961 A CN202010507961 A CN 202010507961A CN 111616012 A CN111616012 A CN 111616012A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive control method of lentil sclerotinia rot, which relates to the technical field of plant protection and comprises agricultural control, namely keeping field sanitation, crop rotation or fallow, regulating water and keeping row spacing and plant spacing; biological control, namely soil treatment, seedling stage control and full-bloom stage control; chemical control, namely chemical drug control in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period; predicting weather, and preventing and treating with the chemical medicine in advance. The invention is a method for comprehensively preventing and treating the sclerotinia rot of hyacinth beans, can realize early prevention and control and early medication, avoids serious loss to production, and has good prevention and control effect and less environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant protection, in particular to a method for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of hyacinth beans.
Background
Lentil sclerotinia is a major disease damaging lentils, for example, the disease rate of yellow lentil strains in the Netherlands is as high as 36.8 percent, and serious plants are withered and withered. If the inspection and the prevention are not carried out in time,has great influence on the late yield loss of the hyacinth beans. Victims often begin to infest first, near the ground base or the tendrils at the first branch. The initial part is water stain shape and gradually becomes grey white, and the cortex tissue tears and cracks to become dry and is fibrous. When moist, black sclerotia, like rat feces, were visible in the lumen of the diseased stalk tissue. Serious disease stems and leaves can grow dense white flocculent mildew layers and grow black sclerotia on the disease stems, and partial plants are usually died because the whole plant stems wither. The disease is caused by the infection of sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and the pathogenic bacteria mainly take sclerotia to live through winter and summer in the disease plant residue or mixed in seeds and fertilizers. When the temperature and humidity are proper, sclerotium germinates to generate ascospores and ascospores, the mature ascospores are ejected and emitted, and infect aged leaves and withered petals by airflow and irrigation propagation to serve as a primary infection source of diseases, and the aged leaves and the withered petals gradually spread to healthy plants through hypha growth to cause tendrils, stems and leaves to be rotten. The seed with sclerotium is an important way to cause long-distance disease transmission. The disease occurs with stricter humidity requirement and loose temperature requirement. The germination temperature of the spores is 0-35 ℃, the suitable temperature for disease attack is 5-20 ℃, and the optimum temperature is about 15 ℃. The humidity requirement of germs is high, the relative humidity is more than 85%, and the germs can grow favorably, so that the germs are easy to attack under the cold and wet conditions. Because the temperature difference between day and night is large in autumn, the temperature in the day is high, the night is cool, and the cultivation humidity can easily meet the infection requirement of germ development, the method is very favorable for the occurrence and development of diseases[1]。
The symptom of the lentil sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the initial stage of the disease is not obvious, the phenotype of the plant disease can be observed only at the middle and later stages of the disease, the pathogenic bacteria invade the body at the time, the chemical treatment is mainly used after the disease is developed in the current production, and the treatment method has three problems: firstly, the treatment method is single, the dosage is large, the treatment effect is poor, and the planting cost is increased; secondly, environmental pollution in a planting ecological area and over-standard pesticide residue of the hyacinth beans are caused, and the quality of the hyacinth beans is seriously influenced; thirdly, the medicament is easy to be washed by rainwater, and the due treatment effect cannot be achieved.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field are dedicated to developing a method for comprehensively preventing and treating the sclerotinia rot of hyacinth beans, so that early prevention and control and early medication can be realized, and the serious loss caused to the production can be avoided.
Reference documents:
[1] morinabin, Chenhaiping, board 225310, the generation rule and prevention and cure of sclerotinia rot of kidney bean, Shanghai agricultural science and technology, 2004(1):83
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to develop a method for comprehensively controlling lentil sclerotinia rot, so as to early control the lentil sclerotinia rot, and the method has good control effect and less environmental pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a comprehensive control method of lentil sclerotinia rot, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), agricultural prevention and control, including keeping field sanitation, crop rotation or fallow, regulating water content and keeping row spacing and plant spacing;
step 2), biological control, including soil treatment, seedling stage control and full-bloom stage control;
step 3), chemical prevention and control, including chemical medicine prevention and control in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period;
and 4) forecasting weather, and preventing and treating by using the chemical medicine in advance.
Further, in step 1), the maintaining of field hygiene further comprises: controlling weeds, eliminating intermediate hosts, and performing harmless treatment on infected straws and stubble.
Further, the innocent treatment includes: burning, burying or composting and fermenting.
Further, in the step 1), the rotation includes paddy-upland rotation or rotation with non-host crops, preferably rotation with rice.
Further, in the step 1), the water regulation comprises storing water to submerge the field when the field is stopped in winter; frequent irrigation is reduced in the growing season.
Further, in the step 2), the soil treatment comprises dissolving the coniothyrium minitans in water, spraying on the surface of the soil, and mixing the soil surface layer with ploughing; the seedling stage prevention is that after one week of seedling emergence, the coniothyrium minitans is sprayed on seedlings and near-surrounding surface soil in a continuous rainy day with high humidity; and (4) preventing and treating in the full-bloom stage, and spraying the coniothyrium minitans with the sclerotinia disease symptom in the full-bloom stage.
Further, the time with the best spraying effect of the coniothyrium minitans is four hours later than the afternoon of a sunny day or a cloudy day; and reapplying the coniothyrium minitans when raining within 4 hours after the coniothyrium minitans is applied.
Further, in the step 3), the chemical drugs comprise dimethachlon, bacillus subtilis and fludioxonil.
Further, in step 3), the specific method for chemical drug treatment in the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase is as follows: spraying dimethachlon alone or respectively spraying two chemical drugs of dimethachlon and bacillus subtilis in the initial flowering phase, wherein the spraying method of the bacillus subtilis is leaf surface spraying or root irrigation and flushing application; and (4) spraying fludioxonil in the full-bloom stage.
Further, in the step 4), when the weather temperature is predicted to be 10-25 ℃ and rain is continuously performed, spraying a mixture of dimethachlon and bacillus subtilis in advance for prevention.
Further, in the step 2), the soil treatment comprises dissolving 67g of coniothyrium minitans wettable powder per mu in 10-20L of water, spraying on the surface of the soil, and mixing the soil with 5-10 cm of the surface layer of the soil in combination with turning; the seedling stage prevention is that after seedling emergence for one week, the coniothyrium minitans is sprayed on seedlings and near-surrounding surface soil in a continuous rainy day with high humidity.
Further, the specific application method of the coniothyrium minitans is 45-90 g/mu spraying, the pesticide effect is best after the fourth hour in the afternoon or on the cloudy day, and the coniothyrium minitans is applied again when meeting rain within 4 hours after the pesticide is applied.
Further, according to the specific using method of the dimethachlon, 800-1000 times of liquid of wettable powder containing dimethachlon 40% is uniformly sprayed to each mu.
Further, the specific using method of fludioxonil is that 2.5% of fludioxonil is added with 2000 times of water for spraying.
Furthermore, the field sanitation is mainly to control weeds and infected hyacinth bean stumps, avoid leaving infected straws and stubbles in the field, perform harmless treatment on the straws and the stubbles, such as compost fermentation, and eliminate intermediate hosts of sclerotinia rot of hyacinth beans.
Further, crop rotation or fallow, particularly in diseased fields, is carried out on paddy and dry crops or on non-host crops for two to three years, and is recommended to be carried out with rice.
Furthermore, the humidity requirement of sclerotinia rot of hyacinth bean is strict due to water regulation, and when the field is fallowed in winter, the field is flooded by the stored water, so that the sclerotium rot. Frequent irrigation is reduced in the growing season, the soil is prevented from being excessively wet for a long time, and alternation of dry and wet is achieved.
Furthermore, reasonable row spacing and plant spacing are kept during planting, trimming is paid attention to, ventilation is kept, and gloomy is avoided.
Further, in soil treatment, coniothyrium minitans degrades sclerotinia hyphal cell walls and sclerotium and ascodisc tissues mainly by secreting extracellular chitinase and glucanase, thereby inhibiting sclerotinia growth and causing putrefactive digestion of sclerotium and ascodisc. 67g of coniothyrium minitans wettable powder per mu is dissolved in 10-20L of water, the water is sprayed on the surface of soil, and the water is mixed into the surface layer of the soil by 5-10 cm in combination with turning, so that the residual sclerotium rolfsii in the soil is destroyed.
Furthermore, the seedling stage is prevented, after one week of seedling emergence, the humidity is higher according to the weather conditions, particularly continuous rainy days, and the coniothyrium minitans is favorably sprayed to seedlings and near-surrounding surface soil when the sclerotinia rot of hyacinth beans occurs so as to prevent the seedling stage from damping off.
Further, a mixed agent of dimethachlon and bacillus subtilis is sprayed in the early flowering phase. Uniformly spraying 800-1000 times of wettable powder containing 40% of dimethachlon per mu, and spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of bacillus subtilis on leaf surfaces or irrigating roots and flushing. The fludioxonil is sprayed once in the full-bloom stage according to the condition, and the using method is that 2.5 percent of fludioxonil is mixed with water for spraying by 2000 times.
Furthermore, the disease onset and propagation speed of the sclerotinia rot of the hyacinth beans are very fast, the better prevention and treatment effect can be achieved only by applying the pesticide in advance, the sclerotinia rot of the hyacinth beans is easy to occur when the temperature is 10-25 ℃ and the rain is continuously overcast and rainy, the prevention measures are required, and the mixture of the dimethachlon and the bacillus subtilis can be properly sprayed for prevention.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the field with the lentil sclerotinia rot is comprehensively controlled by the comprehensive control method of the lentil sclerotinia rot provided by the invention, and the lentil sclerotinia rot in the field is effectively controlled in the current year.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the field with serious sclerotinia rot of lentils is comprehensively controlled by the comprehensive control method of sclerotinia rot of lentils provided by the invention, and the sclerotinia rot of lentils in the field is effectively controlled in the current year.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention effectively coordinates the prevention and control means such as agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and the like, not only can solve the problems of untimely prevention and control of the sclerotinia rot of hyacinth beans and poor prevention and control effect of the existing single measure, but also increases the yield and the output value of the hyacinth beans.
2. The invention replaces single prevention and control, especially single chemical prevention and control, with agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control, increases agricultural prevention and control and biological prevention and control, and effectively reduces the pollution of chemical drugs to the environment.
3. The invention fully utilizes the condition that the appropriate humidity is required for the onset of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and the medicine is differently used according to the weather condition, thereby achieving the same control effect; it is pointed out that in the case of continuous rainy days, the seedling stage is mainly biological prevention, and the other growth stages of lentils are mainly chemical prevention; when the humidity of the weather is not so high, the biological consumption and the chemical consumption in the growth period are reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the chemical pollution is further reduced.
4. The invention discloses that the optimal time for seedling stage prevention is after four hours in the afternoon or on cloudy days; and point out that should apply the medicine again in the rain within 4 hours after applying the medicine, optimize the time parameter of applying the medicine, weather parameter, make the best use of the medicine thing, reduce environmental pollution, guarantee the prevention and cure effect.
The following detailed description further illustrates the concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes several preferred embodiments of the present invention to make the technical contents thereof clearer and easier to understand. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a comprehensive control method for sclerotinia rot of hyacinth beans, which comprises the following steps:
1) agricultural control:
in a field with disease in 2015, infected straws and stubbles are subjected to compost fermentation, and intermediate hosts of sclerotinia sclerotiorum are eliminated.
2016 planting rice, 2017 planting corn and crop rotation
And thirdly, reasonable row spacing and plant spacing are kept during planting, and the ventilation is kept through frequent pruning.
2) Biological control:
firstly, treating soil, applying 60g of coniothyrium minitans wettable powder to each mu one week before sowing hyacinth beans, dissolving the coniothyrium minitans wettable powder in 20L of water, spraying the soil surface, and ploughing and mixing the soil surface layer.
② preventing in seedling stage, spraying coniothyrium minitans once again after seedling emergence for one week.
3) Chemical control:
and (5) spraying dimethachlon in the initial flowering period. Uniformly spraying 800 times of wettable powder containing 40% dimethachlon per mu. The fludioxonil is sprayed once in the full-bloom period, and the using method is spraying by adding 2.5 percent of fludioxonil into water by 15000 times.
4) Forecasting and predicting:
and spraying a mixture of dimethachlon and bacillus subtilis to prevent the bacterial wilt in continuous rainy days at the temperature of 10-25 ℃.
The sclerotinia rot of the regional hyacinth bean is effectively prevented and controlled in the current year.
Example 2:
a comprehensive control method for lentil sclerotinia rot comprises the following steps:
1) agricultural control:
firstly, in a land plot with serious lentil sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease in 2015, rice for two years is planted and the field is soaked with water in winter.
Secondly, when the hyacinth beans are planted, the hyacinth beans are properly and thinly planted, the reasonable row spacing and the reasonable plant spacing are kept, and the hyacinth beans are pruned once every two weeks to keep ventilation.
2) Biological control:
70g of coniothyrium minitans wettable powder is applied to each mu of water when hyacinth beans are planted, dissolved in 15L of water, sprayed on the surface of soil, and mixed into the surface layer of the soil by 5-10 cm in combination with ploughing.
② after one week of emergence, spraying coniothyrium minitans on the seedlings and near-surrounding surface soil once.
3) Chemical control:
in the initial flowering period, 1000 times of wettable powder containing 40% of dimethachlon is uniformly sprayed per mu, and 1500 times of liquid of bacillus subtilis is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
The sclerotinia rot of hyacinth beans in the plot in the current year is effectively prevented and controlled.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for the integrated control of lentil sclerotinia rot, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), agricultural prevention and control, including keeping field sanitation, crop rotation or fallow, regulating water content and keeping row spacing and plant spacing;
step 2), biological control, including soil treatment, seedling stage control and full-bloom stage control;
step 3), chemical prevention and control, including chemical medicine prevention and control in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period;
and 4) forecasting weather, and preventing and treating by using the chemical medicine in advance.
2. The method for the integrated control of lentil sclerotinia as set forth in claim 1, wherein said maintaining field hygiene in step 1) further comprises: controlling weeds, eliminating intermediate hosts, and performing harmless treatment on infected straws and stubble.
3. The method for the integrated control of lentil sclerotinia as set forth in claim 2, wherein said harmless treatment comprises: burning, burying or composting and fermenting.
4. The method for comprehensively controlling the sclerotinia rot of lentils as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the rotation comprises paddy-upland rotation or rotation with a non-host crop, preferably rotation with rice.
5. The method for the integrated control of lentil sclerotinia as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step 1), said water regulation comprises the steps of flooding the field with water during winter fallow; frequent irrigation is reduced in the growing season.
6. The method for comprehensively controlling sclerotinia rot of lentil as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the soil treatment comprises dissolving coniothyrium minitans in water, spraying on the soil surface, and mixing into the soil surface layer in combination with plowing; the seedling stage prevention is that after one week of seedling emergence, the coniothyrium minitans is sprayed on seedlings and near-surrounding surface soil in a continuous rainy day with high humidity; and (3) preventing and treating in the full-bloom stage, wherein the sclerotinia sclerotiorum symptom is sprayed on the coniothyrium minitans in the full-bloom stage.
7. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of lentil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the time of best spraying effect of coniothyrium minitans is four hours after afternoon on sunny day or on cloudy day; and reapplying the coniothyrium minitans when raining within 4 hours after the coniothyrium minitans is applied.
8. The method for the integrated control of lentil sclerotiniose according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), said chemicals comprise dimethachlon, bacillus subtilis and fludioxonil.
9. The method for the integrated control of lentil sclerotinia as set forth in claim 1, wherein in said step 3), said chemical treatment of said initial flowering stage and said full flowering stage is specifically: spraying the dimethachlon alone or respectively spraying the dimethachlon and the bacillus subtilis in the initial flowering period, wherein the spraying method of the bacillus subtilis is leaf surface spraying or root irrigation and flushing application; and spraying the fludioxonil in the full-bloom stage.
10. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the lentil sclerotinia rot of claim 1, wherein in the step 4), when the weather temperature is predicted to be 10-25 ℃ and continuous rainy days are simultaneously carried out, the mixture of the dimethachlon and the bacillus subtilis is sprayed in advance for prevention.
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