CN103988666A - Ridging, mulching and rain collecting planting method for alfalfa in dry-farming areas - Google Patents
Ridging, mulching and rain collecting planting method for alfalfa in dry-farming areas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ridging, mulching and rain collecting planting method for alfalfa in dry-farming areas. The ridging, mulching and rain collecting planting method for alfalfa in dry-farming areas comprises the following steps of improved variety selection, wherein a drought-resisting and saline-alkaline-tolerant variety and a high-yield variety suitable for the local land are selected; seed processing, wherein after the seeds are cleaned and impurities are removed, the seeds are aired for 1-2 days in the sunlight; planting soil preparation, wherein the soil is prepared in a fine mode, weeds are removed, the soil is ploughed as deep as 25-30 cm until the soil has no obvious clods and is loose upwards and solid downwards; base fertilizer application, wherein phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer serves as the base fertilizer, and a little nitrogenous fertilizer is applied; sowing in proper time, wherein the alfalfa in dry-farming areas of the northwest of Shanxi province is suitable for being sown in the first twenty days of April, but the sowing of the alfalfa needs to accord with the local conditions so that the seedlings can emerge in order. The ridging, mulching and rain collecting planting method for alfalfa in dry-farming areas is a drought-resisting, moisture-increasing and yield-increasing technology integrating ridging, precise sowing in lines, mulching and agricultural water-saving flow collection, can obviously reduce water evaporation caused by wind erosion as the ridging planting method is adopted, improves low temperature, and improves the emergence rate of seedlings and the biological yield of alfalfa in the first year.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alfalfa ridge, a kind of Dryland film collection rain implantation methods.
Background technology
Northwest, Shanxi is located in east side, loess plateau, is the arctogaean realm of northern China agriculture and animal husbandry ecotone and the lower limit district of rainfed farming, belongs to comparatively typical ecologically fragile area.Its weather belongs to arid continental monsoon climate, and average annual precipitation is in 400mm left and right, and be the violent evaporation phase spring.Agricultural production mainly relies on natural rainfall, and rainfall distribution is inhomogeneous, focuses mostly in 7-9 month, and precipitation is main mainly with being less than the invalid of 5mm and minor effect precipitation or torrential rain, and runoff loss and evaporation loss are also deposited, and this is unfavorable for the effective absorption of crop to moisture.And, due to the excessive economic activity of the mankind, region environment severe exacerbation, natural resources quality obviously declines, and geomantic omen two-phase agent sit down produce the environmental problem such as the soil erosion and desertification seriously restrict local area expanding economy.
Along with construction and the enforcement of North of Shanxi Yanmen Guan Ecology Farming Economic Zone, artificial efficient grassland construction becomes the important link in ecological animal husbandry area, and light and heat condition and geographical position together, dry farming area, the northwestward, becomes the vital area of development of man-made grasslands.Development of man-made grasslands can not only improve the productivity on meadow, increase livestock products output and increase farmers' income, and for improve Dry area northwest, Shanxi ecotope, development rotation of crops and grass, change fall behind the mode of production have great importance.
In Shanxi the Northwest, due to winter weather cold, winter sowing is unfavorable for surviving the winter of alfalfa seedling, spring sowing is conducive to alfalfa and takes root, but dried in spring, wind become greatly again the key factor that harm alfalfa seedling survives, and traditional Alfalfa Growing method is difficult to solve the problem that in planting process in spring, emergence rate is low, survival rate is little.Low, the little meeting of survival rate of emerging makes Alfalfa Grass Yield on the low side, development of man-made grasslands inefficiency, and be difficult to reach construct effects of biology and the economic benefit of expection.
Alfalfa is Perennial legume forages, as long as ensure the success of First Year Seeding planting, the later plant of Second Year can have very strong adaptive capacity to environment.Implement the plantation of furrow collection rain, can make precipitation on ridge flow in ditch, produce moisture stack, simultaneously, ditch ridge, field can reduce custom, suppresses evaporation, improves and infiltrates the degree of depth, accumulate rainwater thereby reach, increase soil moisture content, improve soil moisture content, meet the growth demand of crop to point water, improve emergence rate and the survival rate of alfalfa, to ensure the plantation success of alfalfa in development of man-made grasslands.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide alfalfa ridge, a kind of Dryland film collection rain implantation methods, integrate ridging, the drilling of essence amount, overlay film and agricultural drought resisting of saving afflux and increase moisture in the soil yield-increasing technology, adopt furrow planting patterns.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Alfalfa ridge, a kind of Dryland film collection rain implantation methods, comprises the steps:
S1, select breeding: select the high yielding variety of drought resisting, Salt And Alkali Tolerance kind, suitable locality, as star, the Algonquin etc. of new red horse great Ye, clover king, salt tolerant;
S2, seed treatment: after seed cleaning, impurity elimination, airing 1-2d in the sun, with breaking dormancy, improves emergence rate;
Prepare to S3, sowing: meticulous whole ground, weed a garden, deep ploughing 25-30cm, without obvious clod, upper Panasonic is real, to ensure that profit fully contacts with soil, improves emergence rate;
S4, basal dressing: execute phosphorus, K composite fertilizer or fertilizer and make base manure, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, Dry area northwest, Shanxi can apply farmyard manure 22500～37500kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer 225～375kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer 75～105kg/hm
2deng;
S5, begin sowing in good time: Dry area northwest, Shanxi alfalfa suitable on April, sowing in the middle ten days, but to suit measures to local conditions, make the neat and consistent of emerging;
S6, seeding method: adopt furrow planting patterns, Wei Ji rain belt, ridge, ditch is growing area, 35 ° of the collection rain ridge gradients, ridge height is 25cm; The long 5m in every ridge, along east-west, ditch row spacing is 60cm: 45cm than (furrow width: row spacing), drilling 4 row alfalfas in every ditch, line-spacing is 15cm, seed level 1-2.5cm is covered with suppression after broadcasting, and broadcasts profit amount for 25kg/hm
2; Finally cover with the full ground of plastic foil of wide 120cm, 0.08mm, the native solid pressure in edge, in case done harm to by windage loss, overlay film 10d left and right, mulch film is close to ridge face or in furrow, is punched every 50cm left and right after rainfall, and catchmenting in furrow can be infiltrated in soil in time;
S7, field management: topdress in good time, taking phosphate fertilizer as main, execute superphosphate 80kg/hm
2left and right; After branching stage, harvesting, respectively pour water 1 time before entering the winter; After Seedling Stage, each harvesting, carry out intertill and clean tillage, loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding;
S8, the extermination of disease and insect pest; (1) disease control, clover is generally not easy to occur serious disease, but meet special climate, some diseases still can occur.Downy mildew of alfalfa can spray with bordeaux mixture, mancozeb etc., or cradles herbage in advance; Rust of alfalfa can spray with triadimefon; Common Leafspot of Alfalfa can spray or cradle etc. in advance with mancozeb, tpn.(2) pest control, is first batch of grass of harvesting in time for the effectively preventing method of beet webworm, removes its spawning place; For fall army worm, general adopt spray that hundred worms kill, speed kills 2000 etc.; Phytophthira, mainly adopts and pours water winter to kill or the measure such as enhancement of field management.
S9, cradle: Shanxi the Northwest, spring sowing alfalfa then can 2 times, and Second Year starts to gather in 3 times; First batch of Sheng phase that cradles to budding is best to initial bloom stage harvesting, and stubble height is 4-6cm; Cradle for the last time and should carry out in mid-September, stubble height is 7-10cm, is beneficial to survive the winter and next year high yield.
In described S2 step, the cleanliness of seed or germination rate should be more than 90%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention, compared with the Alfalfa Growing technology of traditional combined task, can significantly reduce the moisture evaporation causing due to wind erosion, improves low temperature, improves emergence rate and the biological yield of seedling in alfalfa First Year.Ridge film overlay film collection rain plantation can form slope runoff by the non-available water or the minor effect water that are less than 5mm by artificial runoff yield in spring, being effective, thereby limited rainfall resource is reallocated, and field ridging and ridge overlay film can make 2 precipitation on collection rain face focus on 1 face, moisture stack in ditch, simultaneously ridge has that to suppress the work of evaporation firm, makes to be gathered under the moisture in ditch, to ooze the rear obvious alfalfa rhizosphere water regime of improving.
After ridging overlay film, surface roughness strengthens, and has increased earth's surface surface area, has strengthened reception solar radiation ability, and surface soil temperature is improved, the insulation effect of ground overlay film in addition, and plantation soil temperature in the ranks obviously improves, and improves emergence rate and seedling viablity.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Place: Dong Wang village village of Shui Bosi township, Datong City of Shanxi Province, height above sea level 1050m, average annual rainfall is 370～460mm, and evaporation discharge is 1876mm, and the violent evaporation phase, average temperature of the whole year was 7.0 DEG C, frost-free season 138d in spring and autumn.
S1. select breeding: select the suitable local clover king who produces for cultivation object.
S2. seed treatment: before sowing, clean seed, impurity elimination, the cleanliness of seed reaches more than 90%, and germination rate reaches 92%, and airing 2d in the sun.
S3. sowing ground preparation: select the smooth plot of physical features, broadcast front meticulous whole ground, weed a garden, deep ploughing 25cm, without obvious clod, upper Panasonic is real, taking to turn over-the rake thin program of rake.
S4. basal dressing: execute phosphorus, K composite fertilizer and fertilizer before broadcasting and make base manure.Apply farmyard manure 28500kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer 375kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer 90kg/hm
2.
S5. begin sowing in good time: clover king alfalfa was sowed in mid-April.
S6. seeding method: adopt furrow planting patterns, Wei Ji rain belt, ridge, ditch is growing area, 35 ° of the collection rain ridge gradients, ridge height is 25cm; The long 5m in every ridge, along east-west, ditch row spacing is 60cm: 45cm than (furrow width: row spacing), drilling 4 row alfalfas in every ditch, line-spacing is 15cm, and seed level 2cm broadcasts rear suppression of soil, and seeding quantity is 2g/m
2; Finally cover with the full ground of plastic foil of wide 120cm, 0.08mm, the native solid pressure in edge in case done harm to by windage loss, after overlay film 7d, every the punching of 50cm left and right, can infiltrate in time in soil catchmenting in furrow in furrow.
S7. field management: after cradling, topdress as main taking phosphate fertilizer, execute superphosphate 80kg/hm
2left and right; After branching stage, harvesting, respectively pour water 1 time before entering the winter; After Seedling Stage, each harvesting, carry out intertill and clean tillage, loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding.
S8. the extermination of disease and insect pest: be first batch of grass of harvesting in time for the effectively preventing method of beet webworm, remove its spawning place; For fall army worm, general adopt spray that hundred worms kill, speed kills 2000 etc.; Phytophthira, mainly adopts and pours water winter to kill or the measure such as enhancement of field management.
S9. cradle: in this area, " clover king " alfalfa of sowing in spring cradles 2 times then, and Second Year starts to gather in 3 times; First batch cradle with the Sheng phase of buddingging to initial bloom stage, stubble height is 4-6cm; Cradle for the last time in mid-September and carry out, stubble height is 7-10cm.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a Dryland alfalfa ridge film collection rain implantation methods, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1, select breeding: the high yielding variety of selecting drought resisting, Salt And Alkali Tolerance kind, suitable locality;
S2, seed treatment: after seed cleaning, impurity elimination, airing 1-2d in the sun;
Prepare to S3, sowing: meticulous whole ground, weed a garden, deep ploughing 25-30cm, without obvious clod, upper Panasonic is real;
S4, basal dressing: execute phosphorus, K composite fertilizer or fertilizer and make base manure, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer;
S5, begin sowing in good time: Dry area northwest, Shanxi alfalfa suitable on April, sowing in the middle ten days, but to suit measures to local conditions, make the neat and consistent of emerging;
S6, seeding method: adopt furrow planting patterns, Wei Ji rain belt, ridge, ditch is growing area, 35 ° of the collection rain ridge gradients, ridge height is 25cm; The long 5m in every ridge, along east-west, ditch row spacing ratio is 60cm: 45cm, drilling 4 row alfalfas in every ditch, line-spacing is 15cm, and seed level 1-2.5cm broadcasts rear suppression of soil, and seeding quantity is 25kg/hm
2; Finally cover with the full ground of plastic foil of wide 120cm, 0.08mm, the native solid pressure in edge, in case done harm to by windage loss, overlay film 10d left and right, mulch film is close to ridge face or in furrow, is punched every 50cm left and right after rainfall, and catchmenting in furrow can be infiltrated in soil in time;
S7, field management: topdress in good time, taking phosphate fertilizer as main, execute superphosphate 80kg/hm
2left and right; After branching stage, harvesting, respectively pour water 1 time before entering the winter; After Seedling Stage, each harvesting, carry out intertill and clean tillage, loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding;
S8, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
S9, cradle.
2. alfalfa ridge, a kind of Dryland according to claim 1 film collection rain implantation methods, is characterized in that, in described S2 step, the cleanliness of seed or germination rate should be more than 90%.
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Cited By (12)
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| CN104255248A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-07 | 南通天马汇文化发展有限公司 | Alfalfa cultivation method |
| CN104663204A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-06-03 | 青岛农业大学 | Technology for controlling and eliminating weeds in alfalfa field by film-side planting |
| CN105638219A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-08 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of alfalfa by means of biological inoculation agent |
| CN105660108A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-06-15 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for alfalfa in semi-arid region |
| CN105960992A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-09-28 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Clover drought resistance plantation method |
| CN107624583A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-26 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | The method of the organic Sweet Potato For High. yield Production cultivation in hills drought-hit area |
| CN108450261A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-28 | 甘肃农业大学 | Semiarid region charcoal covers furrow collection rain implantation methods |
| CN108668813A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-19 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of micro- collection rain method in field adapting to Agro-grazing ecotone |
| CN109220580A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-18 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of clover |
| CN110050642A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-26 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region Alfalfa Growing method |
| CN110169320A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-27 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | A kind of salt-soda soil corn efficient cultivation method |
| CN113115688A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Ridging and direct alfalfa seeding method |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104255248A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-07 | 南通天马汇文化发展有限公司 | Alfalfa cultivation method |
| CN104663204A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-06-03 | 青岛农业大学 | Technology for controlling and eliminating weeds in alfalfa field by film-side planting |
| CN105660108A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-06-15 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for alfalfa in semi-arid region |
| CN105638219A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-08 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of alfalfa by means of biological inoculation agent |
| CN105960992B (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2018-11-30 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | The drought resisting planting method of clover |
| CN105960992A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-09-28 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Clover drought resistance plantation method |
| CN107624583A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-26 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | The method of the organic Sweet Potato For High. yield Production cultivation in hills drought-hit area |
| CN108450261A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-28 | 甘肃农业大学 | Semiarid region charcoal covers furrow collection rain implantation methods |
| CN108668813A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-19 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of micro- collection rain method in field adapting to Agro-grazing ecotone |
| CN109220580A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-18 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of clover |
| CN110050642A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-26 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region Alfalfa Growing method |
| CN110169320A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-27 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | A kind of salt-soda soil corn efficient cultivation method |
| CN113115688A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Ridging and direct alfalfa seeding method |
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Application publication date: 20140820 |