CN104663204A - Technology for controlling and eliminating weeds in alfalfa field by film-side planting - Google Patents
Technology for controlling and eliminating weeds in alfalfa field by film-side planting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for controlling and eliminating weeds in an alfalfa field by film-side planting. According to the technology, the coverage of the weeds in the alfalfa field can be effectively controlled, and can be reduced by 21 to 46 percent; in addition, the annual yield of alfalfa hay is greatly increased by 19.8 to 152.6 percent; total yield per hectare in three years is increased by 9,387.6 to 9,438.4kg, and if per ton of alfalfa hay is 2,400, economic benefits per hectare can be increased by 22,530 to 22,652 yuan, and efficiency per hectare is equivalently improved by 1,502 to 1,510 yuan; moreover, the using amount of a weed killer is reduced, pollution to the environment is reduced, and the target of low-environmental consumption production of the alfalfa industry can be effectively promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, specifically a kind of technology of being prevented and kill off clover weeds in field by wheat grown along film sides method.
Background technology
Along with people are to the growing interest of food security, the cry that livestock breeding develops in a healthy way gradually rises, and especially after melamine and clenbuterol event, the quality of people to high-quality meat product and dairy products is paid much attention to.In order to better promote the healthy and sustainable development of milk industry, the No.1 Central File of 12 proposes " milk industry development clover developing activity ", and started the climax of Planting Medicago sativa in China, the cultivated area of clover expands year by year, under normal circumstances, the implantation methods of clover is as follows:
(1) selection of land: selection soil layer is deep, the plot of loosing soil, not easily ponding.
(2) wholely: after preceding crop results, deep plough 25 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres, timely ground grading, weeds a garden, the suppression of rake a kind of farm tools, soil moisture conservation retaining.And weed killer herbicide Seal treatment is carried out to soil.
(3) base fertilizer: execute 5 kilograms ~ 10 kilograms, urea for every mu, superphosphate 30 kilograms ~ 40 kilograms, as base manure.
(4) Fruit variety: select the alfalfa variety being applicable to local climate condition.
(5) seed treatment: by seed cleaning air dry 2 ~ 3 days before broadcasting, then carry out dressing or legume inoculation process.During legume inoculation, per kilogram rhizobium mix 10 kilograms of seeds.
(6) sow: date of seeding should in April ~ August, soil minimum temperature more than 5 DEG C, and soil moisture content general 18% ~ 23% is advisable.The amount of broadcasting every mu 0.5 kilogram ~ 1 kilogram, broadcasts sowing kind and adds the 20 ﹪ amounts of broadcasting.Sowing depth is depending on soil moisture content, and general 3 centimetres ~ 5 centimetres, Soil Moisture better should be shallow, and moisture condition difference should be dark.Line-spacing 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimetres, broadcasts the suppression of rear rake a kind of farm tools.Should level land when broadcasting sowing, evenly sow seeds, rake a kind of farm tools suppression of soil, the seed degree of depth 3 centimetres ~ 5 centimetres.
(7) field management: after early spring, soil thawed, alfalfa is carried out shallow rake before not sprouting and loosened the soil, improves ground temperature, is beneficial to and turns green.The difference weeding 1 time when alfalfa Seedling Stage height of seedling reaches 5 centimetres and 10 centimetres, weeding 1 time when turning green every year.There is the place of irrigation conditions, can irrigate when spring turns green and after cradling at every turn.
The present inventor finds, weeds are one of bottlenecks affecting ALFALFA PRODUCTION.Weeds not only bring production cost to ALFALFA PRODUCTION, the quality and the quality that also have impact on alfalfa products because the weeds rate in grass product is high.Weed control has become problem demanding prompt solution in implant mass clover.
The method of common clover weed control comprises physical control and chemical control.Physical control mainly small size plants the common method at family.Most in large scale business enterprise's plantation based on chemical control, this not only considerably increases the weed killer herbicide use cost of enterprise, and brings hidden danger to grass product safety in production, does not also meet the demand for development of organic careless animal husbandry.
Therefore, adopt rational planting measure, effectively control clover field weed, reduce the use of clover field herbicidal, reduce production cost, the output improving clover field is one of important content of China's clover Efficient cultivation technique.
The object of the invention is by the ridge back overlay film clover at intermembranous gap Planting Medicago sativa, to realize the wheat grown along film sides technology controlling clover field weed.
Summary of the invention
For achieving the above object, inventor proposes a kind of wheat grown along film sides technology controlling clover field weed, it is characterized in that, smooth without on the soil of ratchel, by turn over rake the soil level, apply fertilizer, whole, peritonaeum, sowing, irrigation, a series of technological means such as periodic observation, solve the problem that clover field weed controls, realize the usage amount reducing clover field herbicidal, reduce the production cost of clover, improve the yield and quality of clover, and then promote that the Nuisanceless high-efficient of clover is produced, improve whole economic efficiency and the ecological benefits of alfalfa cultivation.
The method of the invention, comprises the following steps:
1) overlay film: smooth nothing mix stone plot on select width to be 30-50cm, thickness is that the mulch film of 0.2-0.4mm carries out overlay film side by side along ground, and the distances between two row's mulch films are 10-30cm, and film edge is real by soil pressure;
2) sow: select clover, the gap soil between two row's films is planted, and seeding quantity is 22.5-30kg/hm
2, seed level 2-3cm;
3) through watering, fertilizing, weeds between ridge are manually pulled out or chemical control, to the harvest season, results clover, the residual film of clearing and retrieving.
The method of the invention, comprises selection of land further, turn over rake the soil level, apply fertilizer, the step on whole ground, described step is as follows:
(a) selection of land: select smooth nothing to mix the plot of stone, require that the gradient is lower than 10 °, assorted stone diameter is lower than 5cm;
B () is turned over and is raked the soil level: use rotary plow to turn over to selected plot, root is not less than 30cm deeply, rakes the soil level after turning over, and smashes large clod, requires that soil block diameter is with lower than 10cm.
(c) organic fertilizer: fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in the plot after turning over, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is determined according to soil fertility.
D () wholely: further rake with carefully whole to the plot after fertilising, require that soil surfacing is without bulk soil block, the diameter of block is lower than 5cm.
The method of the invention, concrete steps are as follows:
(a) selection of land: select smooth nothing to mix the plot of stone, require that the gradient is lower than 10 °, assorted stone diameter is lower than 5cm.Must guard against and select air port, blue or green sand is shown up, fertility is low, barren plot.
B () is turned over and is raked the soil level: use rotary plow to turn over to selected plot, root is not less than 30cm deeply, rakes the soil level after turning over, and smashes large clod, requires that soil block diameter is with lower than 5-10cm.
C () organic fertilizer: well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields in the plot after turning over, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of farmyard manure is determined according to soil fertility.
D () wholely: further rake with carefully whole to the plot after spreading fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure, require that soil surfacing is without bulk soil block and farmyard manure block, the diameter of block is lower than 3-5cm.
E () overlay film: selection width is 40cm, thickness is that the mulch film of 0.25mm carries out overlay film side by side along ground, requires that film both sides respectively press 10cm wide, the soil layer that 5-10cm is thick.
E () is sowed: select suitable alfalfa cultivars, carries out Furrow sowing, require that seeding quantity is 22.5-30kg/hm between the space of two row's films
2, seed level 2cm.
F () field management: broadcast caudacoria side soil pressure tight, do not expose edge, every 2-3m horizontal pressure one soil zone on film, windproofly takes off film; Meet rain ground to occur hardening, carry out intertillage in time and abolish; The row section of disconnected ridge more than 20cm of being short of seedling is broken bud and is reseeded; Be strictly on guard against that people and animals trample and take off film with strong wind; Open up various water source as far as possible, suffer from drought the key period clover, carry out water saving supplementary irrigation, improve moisture supply condition; Weeds between ridge are manually pulled out or chemical control.
G () clears up residual film: after clover results, and the residual film of clearing and retrieving of doing everything possible, reduces " white pollution ".
On the basis of such scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional establishment of alfalfa grassland.
Below vocabulary of terms is made an explanation:
Clover: for being the common name that grass family clover belongs to (Medicago) plant, a kind of perennial herbaceous plant that blooms.Wherein foremost is alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as herbage.China cultivation clover mainly with haying, silage fodder or be used as the herding with grass of native pasture.
Clover field (alfalfa land) is by the sown pasture of perennial alfalfa planting, season of growth on this meadow from annual mid-March-by the end of October, be the production period of Alfalfa product; November to Second Year early March is the winter dormancy phase, and this time is idling period.
Fertilizer (manure) is for natural organic matter is through a class fertilizer of microbial decomposition or fermentation, and also claim farmyard manure, Soil building is effective, could must be absorbed after microbial decomposition transforms by plant.Conventional natural manure kind has green manure, night soil, barnyard manure, compost, makes compost, biogas manure and sludge and refuse etc.The present invention's fertilizer used is barnyard manure.
Wheat grown along film sides (film skirting furrow trench planting) is a kind of technology of Furrow sowing between two mulch film sides, and wheat grown along film sides has and improves ground temperature, prevents from hardening, retains and conserve soil moisture, favourablely to topdress, easily takes off film, obtains the advantages such as high yield.The present invention's mulch film used is that 40cm is wide, 0.25mm is thick.
The present invention improves on the basis of existing implantation methods, and main improvement is:
(1) planting patterns is improved.Planting patterns is in the past naked broadcasting, and namely directly sows on soil, this seeding method problems faced be must before broadcasting to soil weed killer herbicide carry out closing prevent from broadcasting after weedy.And wheat grown along film sides technology does not need to broadcast front weed killer herbicide closes the effect that namely soil can play weed control, the use of weed killer herbicide can be reduced again.
(2) in planting technology, more meet the technology of nuisanceless alfalfa cultivation.The advantage of wheat grown along film sides technology is a lot, is first after clover results, directly can uncover mulch film from the ridge back of the body, avoid film as film-covering planting technology and be blended in grass product; Next is that wheat grown along film sides decreases the pollution of area source brought because repeatedly using weed killer herbicide and soil, is beneficial to and produces organic Alfalfa product, ensure herbvore livestock product safety; 3rd, wheat grown along film sides is conducive to the soil moisture conservation in clover field, decreases the irrigation frequency in clover field, and then reduces production cost, improves the productivity effect of clover.
The present invention not only effectively controls the weed growth in clover field, and finds through research, and the clover seedling rate of wheat grown along film sides and output are all higher than general planting.
The ridge back of the body exposed between each row of clover can be covered by wheat grown along film sides, keep the sprouting that low temperature facilitates alfalfa seed, prevent moisture to evaporate and serve good soil moisture conservation effect, the ecological niche occupying weed growth makes weeds lose the space of growth, what decrease weed killer herbicide uses the pollution reducing soil in ALFALFA PRODUCTION, decrease irrigation frequency and reduce ALFALFA PRODUCTION cost, and owing to being the wheat grown along film sides using thick film to carry out, can not film strips be entered in alfalfa products during clover results, and can directly the film that ridge is carried on the back directly be uncovered after clover results, can not bring " white pollution ".
Why the present invention uses wheat grown along film sides instead of film-covering planting, is because clover is the non-bunch planting of drilling, and overlay film is unfavorable for that clover emerges management, and film strips easily enters among alfalfa products by film-covering planting.Select the thick film of 0.25mm, be in order to prevent film broken be difficult to pick up in ground cause " white pollution ".
Adopt the inventive method compared with traditional clover general planting, traditional clover field is huge on alfalfa growing impact in seedling stage in plantation weeds then, and generally need to spray 2-3 weed killer herbicide, namely soil closed by pre-plant herbicide, broadcasts and sprays blade face weed killer herbicide rear seedling stage.This is to the pollution increased the weight of clover field, and adds the seedling rate of clover.Compared with prior art, wheat grown along film sides improves 31.7% than general planting clover seedling rate.And in clover annual production, improve 19.8%-152.6% than general planting.Wheat grown along film sides clover technology provided by the invention achieves the object controlling clover field weed, achieves clover field high yield and non-polluted planting unification mutually, achieves the target of environmentally friendly ALFALFA PRODUCTION.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, further illustrate content of the present invention, but be not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
(a) selection of land: select smooth nothing to mix the plot of stone, require that the gradient is lower than 10 °, assorted stone diameter is lower than 5cm.Must guard against and select air port, blue or green sand is shown up, fertility is low, barren plot.
B () is turned over and is raked the soil level: use rotary plow to turn over to selected plot, root is not less than 30cm deeply, rakes the soil level after turning over, and smashes large clod, requires that soil block diameter is with lower than 5cm.
C () organic fertilizer: well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields in the plot after turning over, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of farmyard manure is determined according to soil fertility.
D () wholely: further rake with carefully whole to the plot after spreading fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure, require that soil surfacing is without bulk soil block and farmyard manure block, the diameter of block is lower than 3cm.
E () overlay film: selection width is 40cm, thickness is that the mulch film of 0.25mm carries out overlay film side by side along ground, requires that film both sides respectively press 10cm wide, the soil layer that 5cm is thick.
E () is sowed: select suitable alfalfa cultivars, carries out Furrow sowing, require that seeding quantity is 22.5kg/hm between the space of two row's films
2, seed level 2cm.
F () field management: broadcast caudacoria side soil pressure tight, do not expose edge, every 2m horizontal pressure one soil zone on film, windproofly takes off film; Meet rain ground to occur hardening, carry out intertillage in time and abolish; The row section of disconnected ridge more than 20cm of being short of seedling is broken bud and is reseeded; Be strictly on guard against that people and animals trample and take off film with strong wind; Open up various water source as far as possible, suffer from drought the key period clover, carry out water saving supplementary irrigation, improve moisture supply condition; Weeds between ridge are manually pulled out or chemical control.
G () clears up residual film: after clover results, and the residual film of clearing and retrieving of doing everything possible, reduces " white pollution ".
On the basis of such scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional alfalfa cultivation.Beneficial effect of the present invention, can pass through table 1, the data in 2 embody further.
The weeds in field incidence comparative unit (%) of table 1 wheat grown along film sides and general planting
First Year Weeds coverage (%) | Second Year Weeds coverage (%) | 3rd year Weeds coverage (%) | |
Control group | 53 | 30 | 26 |
Experimental group | 10 | 4 | 5 |
Weeds coverage reduces | 43 | 26 | 21 |
Table 2 wheat grown along film sides compares with general planting volume variance
First Year output (kg/hm 2) | Second Year output (kg/hm 2) | 3rd annual production (kg/hm 2) | |
Control group | 3002.7 | 10662.3 | 11164 |
Experimental group | 7584.7 | 12877.7 | 13805 |
Output increases (kg/hm 2) | 4582 | 2215.4 | 2641 |
Output increased (%) | 152.6 | 20.8 | 23.7 |
Embodiment 2
(a) selection of land: select smooth nothing to mix the plot of stone, require that the gradient is lower than 10 °, assorted stone diameter is lower than 5cm.Must guard against and select air port, blue or green sand is shown up, fertility is low, barren plot.
B () is turned over and is raked the soil level: use rotary plow to turn over to selected plot, root is not less than 30cm deeply, rakes the soil level after turning over, and smashes large clod, requires that soil block diameter is with lower than 10cm.
C () organic fertilizer: well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields in the plot after turning over, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of farmyard manure is determined according to soil fertility.
D () wholely: further rake with carefully whole to the plot after spreading fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure, require that soil surfacing is without bulk soil block and farmyard manure block, the diameter of block is lower than 5cm.
E () overlay film: selection width is 40cm, thickness is that the mulch film of 0.25mm carries out overlay film side by side along ground, requires that film both sides respectively press 10cm wide, the soil layer that 10cm is thick.
E () is sowed: select suitable alfalfa cultivars, carries out Furrow sowing, require that seeding quantity is 30kg/hm between the space of two row's films
2, seed level 2cm.
F () field management: broadcast caudacoria side soil pressure tight, do not expose edge, every 2-3m horizontal pressure one soil zone on film, windproofly takes off film; Meet rain ground to occur hardening, carry out intertillage in time and abolish; The row section of disconnected ridge more than 20cm of being short of seedling is broken bud and is reseeded; Be strictly on guard against that people and animals trample and take off film with strong wind; Open up various water source as far as possible, suffer from drought the key period clover, carry out water saving supplementary irrigation, improve moisture supply condition; Weeds between ridge are manually pulled out or chemical control.
G () clears up residual film: after clover results, and the residual film of clearing and retrieving of doing everything possible, reduces " white pollution ".
On the basis of such scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional establishment of alfalfa grassland.Beneficial effect of the present invention, can pass through table 3, the data in 4 embody further.
The weeds in field incidence comparative unit (%) of table 3 wheat grown along film sides and general planting
First Year Weeds coverage (%) | Second Year Weeds coverage (%) | 3rd year Weeds coverage (%) | |
Control group | 55 | 27 | 30 |
Experimental group | 9 | 5 | 5 |
Weeds coverage reduces | 46 | 22 | 25 |
Table 4 wheat grown along film sides compares with general planting volume variance
First Year output (kg/hm 2) | Second Year output (kg/hm 2) | 3rd annual production (kg/hm 2) | |
Control group | 3016.2 | 10715 | 11209 |
Experimental group | 7579.8 | 12838 | 13910 |
Output increases (kg/hm 2) | 4563.6 | 2123 | 2701 |
Output increased (%) | 151.3 | 19.8 | 24.1 |
From above data, adopt the method for the invention, significantly can control the weeds incidence in clover field, make the cover degree in clover field reduce 21-46%; Meanwhile, can significantly improve the output 2123-4582 kilogram of per hectare clover, the amplitude of raising is 19.8%-152.6%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in, and effectively can be controlled the cover degree of clover field weed by wheat grown along film sides clover, especially in the plantation the highest cover degree reduction by 46% that can make weeds then.Significantly improve alfalfa hay output then, increase rate is more than 150% simultaneously.The output that per hectare 3 years can be made total increases 9387.6-9438.4kg, by price per ton 2400 yuan calculatings, per hectare can be made to increase economic benefit 22530-22652 unit, amount to every mu of synergy 1502-1510 first.Reduce the usage amount of weed killer herbicide simultaneously, decrease the pollution to environment.
Claims (4)
1. wheat grown along film sides prevents and kill off a method for clover weeds in field, it is characterized in that, comprises following step:
1) overlay film: smooth nothing mix stone plot on select width to be 30-50cm, thickness is that the mulch film of 0.2-0.4mm carries out overlay film side by side along ground, and the distances between two row's mulch films are 10-30cm, and film edge is real by soil pressure;
2) sow: select clover, the gap soil between two row's films is planted, and seeding quantity is 22.5-30kg/hm
2, seed level 2-3cm;
3) through watering, fertilizing, weeds between ridge are manually pulled out or chemical control, to the harvest season, results clover, the residual film of clearing and retrieving.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises selection of land further, turn over rake the soil level, apply fertilizer, the step on whole ground, described step is as follows:
(a) selection of land: select smooth nothing to mix the plot of stone, require that the gradient is lower than 10 °, assorted stone diameter is lower than 5cm;
B () is turned over and is raked the soil level: use rotary plow to turn over to selected plot, root is not less than 30cm deeply, rakes the soil level after turning over, and smashes large clod, requires that soil block diameter is with lower than 10cm;
(c) organic fertilizer: fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in the plot after turning over, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is determined according to soil fertility;
D () wholely: further rake with carefully whole to the plot after fertilising, require that soil surfacing is without bulk soil block, the diameter of block is lower than 5cm.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(a) selection of land: select smooth nothing to mix the plot of stone, require that the gradient is lower than 10 °, assorted stone diameter is lower than 5cm;
B () is turned over and is raked the soil level: use rotary plow to turn over to selected plot, root is not less than 30cm deeply, rakes the soil level after turning over, and smashes large clod, requires that soil block diameter is with lower than 10cm;
(c) organic fertilizer: fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in the plot after turning over, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is determined according to soil fertility;
D () wholely: further rake with carefully whole to the plot after fertilising, require that soil surfacing is without bulk soil block, the diameter of block is lower than 5cm;
E) overlay film: smooth nothing mix stone plot on select width to be 30-50cm, thickness is that the mulch film of 0.2-0.4mm carries out overlay film side by side along ground, and the distances between two row's mulch films are 10-30cm, and film edge is real by soil pressure;
F) sow: select clover, the gap soil between two row's films is planted, and seeding quantity is 22.5-30kg/hm
2, seed level 2-3cm;
G) through watering, fertilizing, weeds between ridge are manually pulled out or chemical control, to the harvest season, results clover, the residual film of clearing and retrieving.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(a) selection of land: select smooth nothing to mix the plot of stone, require that the gradient is lower than 10 °, assorted stone diameter, lower than 5cm, be must guard against and selected air port, blue or green sand is shown up, fertility is low, barren plot,
B () is turned over and is raked the soil level: use rotary plow to turn over to selected plot, root is not less than 30cm deeply, rakes the soil level after turning over, and smashes large clod, requires that soil block diameter is with lower than 5-10cm,
(c) organic fertilizer: well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields in the plot after turning over, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of farmyard manure is determined according to soil fertility,
D () wholely: further rake with carefully whole to the plot after spreading fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure, require that soil surfacing is without bulk soil block and farmyard manure block, the diameter of block lower than 3-5cm,
(e) overlay film: selection width is 40cm, thickness is that the mulch film of 0.25mm carries out overlay film side by side along ground, requires that film both sides respectively press 10cm wide, the soil layer that 5-10cm is thick,
E () is sowed: select suitable alfalfa cultivars, carries out Furrow sowing, require that seeding quantity is 22.5-30kg/hm between the space of two row's films
2, seed level 2cm,
F () field management: broadcast caudacoria side soil pressure tight, do not expose edge, every 2-3m horizontal pressure one soil zone on film, windproofly takes off film; Meet rain ground to occur hardening, carry out intertillage in time and abolish; The row section of disconnected ridge more than 20cm of being short of seedling is broken bud and is reseeded; Be strictly on guard against that people and animals trample and take off film with strong wind; Open up various water source as far as possible, suffer from drought the key period clover, carry out water saving supplementary irrigation, improve moisture supply condition; Weeds between ridge are manually pulled out or chemical control,
G () clears up residual film: after clover results, and the residual film of clearing and retrieving of doing everything possible, reduces " white pollution ".
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CN109729776A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-10 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | A kind of efficient control method of weeds |
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CN107980529A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-04 | 青岛农业大学 | Prevent and kill off the quadrate planting method of clover weeds in field |
CN109729776A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-10 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | A kind of efficient control method of weeds |
CN110313352A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-11 | 陇西县农业技术推广中心 | A kind of Chinese medicine mulch drilling method for culturing seedlings and nursery all-in-one machine |
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