CN108055975A - A kind of method that clover weeds in field is prevented and kill off in diamond shape plantation - Google Patents
A kind of method that clover weeds in field is prevented and kill off in diamond shape plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108055975A CN108055975A CN201711385990.5A CN201711385990A CN108055975A CN 108055975 A CN108055975 A CN 108055975A CN 201711385990 A CN201711385990 A CN 201711385990A CN 108055975 A CN108055975 A CN 108055975A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method that clover weeds in field is prevented and kill off in diamond shape plantation, (c) organic fertilizer (d) site preparation (e) of turning over and rake the soil level the described method includes (a) selection of land (b) irrigates (f) sowing and clover grass seeds is carried out north-south drilling using no-tillage seeding machine, after north-south has been sowed, it is sowed again by North-East Bound southwestward with intersecting 30 ° 45 ° with north and south ridge, until sowing is fully completed, (g) field management, the present invention can form the diamond shape being made of clover by diamond shape Planting Medicago sativa field and surround, form small independent habitat, on the one hand can effectively reduce the allelochemical that wind discharges clover blows away quantity, and then make therebetween weeds be subject to clover allelochemical inhibit without grow or it is slow-growing;On the other hand, due to clover diamond array, the growing space of weeds is made to be affected, thereby reduces the competition for space probability of weeds and clover.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of by seeding time, being planted using diamond shape the present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies
Mode controls the method for clover field weed.
Background technology
Since 2012, in China " revitalizing milk industry clover developing activity ", " grain changes feeding " and 2015-2017
Centre No.1 file proposes to greatly develop the policy of the high quality grass such as clover, silage corn, alfalfa for continuous 3 years
(Medicagosativa calls clover in the following text) is able to large area plantation in China.However, weeds but become the green alfalfa of development
The bottleneck of industry.Especially in the First Year of Alfalfa Growing, usually it is present with the phenomenon that weeds are spread unchecked, it is serious even to lead
Cause alfalfa cultivation failure.At present, for clover field plantation weed control methods then based on chemical control, although chemistry removes
Careless agent achieves noticeable achievement at prevention initial stage, but medicament residue enters soil or entered by food chain in domestic animal and human body, and makes ring
Descendants is endangered, consequence is hardly imaginable by polluting, domestic animal and human hair being made to give birth to chronic hazard effect in border.Therefore, using life
State theory and method carry out science to clover field weed and prevent and kill off, reduce or prevent pollution of the herbicide to soil and environment, subtract
Less or to prevent the chronic hazard that herbicide brings domestic animal and human health extremely urgent.
In order to solve the problems, such as the weed control of alfalfa sowing then, the seminar where inventor uses allelopathic passage
The form being combined with microhabitat (Niche), the mode for having invented diamond shape plantation have planted alfalfa, the principle bag of the technology
Two are included, first, the allelopathy between alfalfa and weeds is one of Critical policies of the two competition;Second is that microhabitat is
Influence the most direct factor of plant competition.It is arrived this is because the cardinal principle of allelopathy is exactly plant secretion release aldehydes matter
In air and then inhibit the growth of rival, therefore, inventor just expects, if may be employed increases the density of clover, and
And clover is allowed to form weeds and is surrounded, the clover of such surrounding can discharge aldehydes matter to the weeds to be fenced up, and
Since surrounding is surrounded, the passage that is not blown to four winds of aldehydes matter that clover discharges and being retained in for a long time is made to be surrounded by clover small
In habitat, and then inhibit the effect of weeds.In view of the principle operated well in production, just expect broadcasting using diamond shape surrounding
Kind clover, and then its preventive effect to weeds is observed, result of the test shows that diamond shape plants alfalfa, with conventional drilling phase
Than clover can effectively be controlled to make the weed growth of plantation then, highest can make the output increased 302.8% of clover.
The content of the invention
The present invention is on the basis of clover routine north-south bar shaped sowing, then by North-East Bound southwestward drilling, utilizes lucerne
The allelopathy of Mu itself reduces living space of the weeds in clover Tanaka, inhibits suppressing weed seed germination, when the lucerne of diamond shape plantation
Mu grass grows into certain altitude, inhibits weed growth by the allelochemical of clover after weeds are covered.
The method of the invention specifically includes following steps:
1st, a kind of clover Tanaka inhibits the method for weed growth, the described method comprises the following steps:
(a) selection of land:Select the smooth plot without miscellaneous stone, it is desirable that the gradient is less than 10 °, and miscellaneous stone diameter is less than 5cm, never
Select air port, blue or green sand is shown up, fertility is low, barren plot;
(b) turn over and rake the soil level:Selected plot is turned over using rotary plow, tilling depth is not less than 30cm, after turning over
It rakes the soil level, smashes large clod, it is desirable that soil block diameter is to be less than 5cm;
(c) organic fertilizer:Well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields on the plot after turning over, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of farm manure is according to soil fertility
It determines;
(d) site preparation:To spreading fertilizer over the fields the plot after farm manure further rake and thin site preparation, it is desirable that put down on soil surface
Whole no bulk soil block and farm manure block, the diameter of block are less than 3cm;
(e) irrigate:It carries out trickle irrigation within three days prior to seeding, ensures soil moisture abundance without hardened;
(f) sow:Suitable alfalfa cultivars are selected, clover grass seeds is carried out by north-south item using no-tillage seeding machine
It broadcasts, after north-south has been sowed, then is sowed with intersecting 30 ° -45 ° with north and south ridge by North-East Bound southwestward, until sowing is complete
Portion completes, line-spacing 10-20cm, depth of planting 2-3cm, it is desirable that application rate 22.5kg/hm2;
(g) field management:After diamond shape plantation, it is managed according to conventional clover field management.
The more conventional bar shaped type of seeding of the present invention is compared, and is not only increased weed control efficiency, is more improved land use
Rate has prevented the use of herbicide, and ecology inhibits the growth of weeds, realizes the inhibition weeds life of clover field zero tolerance herbicide
Long effect, and at the same time making the effect that clover is increased production and improved productivity again.
On the basis of said program, using the field management pattern consistent with traditional clover field.
Noun data are explained below:
Wherein, the common name that it is pulse family clover category (Medicago) plant that the clover, which is, a kind of perennial draft plant of blooming
Object.Wherein foremost is alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as herbage.System is mainly used in the cultivation clover of China
Hay, ensilage or herding with grass as native pasture.
Wherein, the clover field (alfalfa land) is by the artificial pasture of perennial alfalfa planting, the meadow
The season of growth from annual mid-March-by the end of October, be clover grass product production period;November to second year early March is
Winter dormancy phase, this time are idling period.
Wherein, a kind of fertilizer that the organic fertilizer (manure) forms for natural organic matter through microorganism decomposition or fermentation,
Also referred to as farm manure, Soil building effect is good, must could be absorbed after microorganism decomposition converts by plant.Common natural manure
Kind has green manure, night soil, barnyard manure, compost, makes compost, biogas manure and sludge and refuse etc..Organic fertilizer used in the present invention is barnyard manure.
Wherein, diamond shape plantation (Rhombus planting) is a kind of on the basis of conventional parallel sowing, then with 30 °-
45° angle degree carry out it is secondary it is intersecting after planting, clover after planting is made to form continuous equally distributed multiple diamond bodies
A kind of planting patterns.
Under normal conditions, the implantation methods of clover are as follows:
(1) selection of land:Select deep soil layer, loosing soil, the plot for being not easy ponding.
(2) site preparation:It after preceding crop harvest, deep ploughs 25 centimetres~30 centimetres, timely ground grading removes weeds, harrows a kind of farm tools
Suppression, preserve soil moisture water storage.And herbicide Seal treatment is carried out to soil.
(3) base fertilizer:5 kilograms~10 kilograms of urea, 30 kilograms~40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, as base manure are applied per acre.
(4) variety selection:Selection is suitble to the alfalfa variety of local climate condition.
(5) seed treatment:By purification of seeds air dry 2~3 days before broadcasting, then it is coated or legume inoculation processing.Root
When knurl bacterium is inoculated with, per kilogram rhizobium mix 10 kilograms of seeds.
(6) sow:Date of seeding, should be in April~August, 5 DEG C of soil minimum temperature or more, soil moisture content general 18%~23%
It is advisable.0.5 kilogram per acre~1 kilogram of the amount of broadcasting broadcasts sowing kind plus the 20 ﹪ amounts of broadcasting.Depth of planting is depending on soil moisture content, general 3 centimetres
~5 centimetres, Soil Moisture is preferably preferably shallow, and moisture condition difference is preferably deep.15 centimetres~20 centimetres of line-spacing harrows a kind of farm tools suppression after broadcasting.
It should level land when broadcasting sowing, uniformly sow seeds, rake a kind of farm tools suppression of soil, 3 centimetres~5 centimetres of seed depth.
(7) field management:After early spring soil thaws, alfalfa carries out shallow rake and loosens the soil before not sprouting, improve ground temperature, profit
In turning green.Weeding 1 time, weeding 1 time when turning green every year are distinguished when alfalfa Seedling Stage height of seedling reaches 5 centimetres and 10 centimetres.
There is the place of irrigation conditions, irrigated after being cradled when turning green in spring and every time.
The present invention is improved on the basis of above-mentioned implantation methods, and improvement is:
(1) improved in planting patterns.Pervious planting patterns is drilling, i.e., the parallel ridge drilling on soil,
This seeding method problems faced be must before broadcasting to soil with herbicide carry out closing prevent it is weedy after broadcasting.And water chestnut
Shape planting technology closes soil before need not broadcasting with herbicide can play preferable weed control efficacy, it is possible to reduce weeding
The use of agent reduces the medicament pollution to production environment.
(2) technology of nuisanceless alfalfa cultivation is more met in planting technology.There are many advantages of diamond shape planting technology, first
It is not have to, using herbicide, avoid before clover is sowed because the pollution of area source that herbicide spraying is brought to soil and water source is asked
Topic beneficial to organic clover grass product is produced, ensures herbvore livestock product safety;Followed by after diamond shape plantation, clover field forms one
An a relatively closed space can prevent the inhibition that the allelochemical that clover discharges is blown away and then reduces to weeds from making
With the opposite confined space among diamond shape is beneficial to long-time growth inhibition of the allelochemical to weeds, realizes Ecological control weeds
Effect;3rd, the clover after diamond shape plantation forms long and narrow encircling space, and weed growth is in space ecology between making clover
It is restricted on position, and then inhibits the competition for space ability of weeds and clover, play the effect that clover field inhibits weed growth, into
And improve the productivity effect of clover.
The present invention not only effectively controls the weed growth in clover field, and process is the study found that the lucerne of diamond shape plantation
Mu survival rate and yield are above general planting.
Being planted by diamond shape can make to surround the diamond shape space to form a relative closure between each row of clover, reduce season
Wind is to the eolian erosion in clover field, it is therefore prevented that moisture evaporation promotes the sprouting of alfalfa seed;The diamond shape clover patch surrounded,
The probability that the allelochemical of clover release is blown away is effectively reduced, plays the effect that nature allelopathy inhibits weeds,
Reduce the pollution that the application of herbicide reduces soil in ALFALFA PRODUCTION;The diamond shape clover surrounded occupies the sky of weed growth
The space of weed growth is greatly reduced in parabiosis position, improves the growth competition ability of clover and weeds, adds clover
Yield.
Using the method for the present invention compared with traditional clover general planting, weeds then are being planted to seedling in traditional clover field
Phase alfalfa growing influences huge, generally requires and sprays 2-3 herbicide, i.e., pre-plant herbicide closes soil, and broadcast rear seedling stage sprays again
Apply blade face herbicide.This adds the seedling rate of clover to having aggravated the pollution to clover field.Compared with the control, diamond shape kind
It plants than in general planting clover annual production, 65.2%-302.7% is improved than general planting.Diamond shape kind provided by the invention
Planting clover technology realizes the purpose of control clover field weed, realizes clover field high yield and mutually unifies with non-polluted planting, realizes
The green agriculture target of environmentally friendly ALFALFA PRODUCTION.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 clovers diamond shape plants schematic diagram, up north and down south left west and right east.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, present invention is further illustrated, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Case study on implementation 1
(a) selection of land:Select the smooth plot without miscellaneous stone, it is desirable that the gradient is less than 10 °, and miscellaneous stone diameter is less than 5cm.Never
Select air port, blue or green sand is shown up, fertility is low, barren plot.
(b) turn over and rake the soil level:Selected plot is turned over using rotary plow, tilling depth is not less than 30cm, after turning over
It rakes the soil level, smashes large clod, it is desirable that soil block diameter is to be less than 5cm.
(c) organic fertilizer:Well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields on the plot after turning over, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of farm manure is according to soil fertility
It determines.
(d) site preparation:To spreading fertilizer over the fields the plot after farm manure further rake and thin site preparation, it is desirable that put down on soil surface
Whole no bulk soil block and farm manure block, the diameter of block are less than 3cm.
(e) irrigate:It carries out trickle irrigation within three days prior to seeding, ensures soil moisture abundance without hardened;
(f) sow:Suitable alfalfa cultivars are selected, clover grass seeds is carried out by north-south item using no-tillage seeding machine
It broadcasts, after north-south has been sowed, then is sowed with intersecting 30 ° -45 ° with north and south ridge by North-East Bound southwestward, until sowing is complete
Portion completes, line-spacing 10cm, depth of planting 2-3cm, it is desirable that application rate 22.5kg/hm2。
(g) field management:After diamond shape plantation, it is managed according to conventional clover field management.
On the basis of said program, using the field management pattern consistent with traditional alfalfa cultivation.Institute of the present invention
The advantageous effect stated can further be embodied by the data in table 1,2,3.
The biomass of clover compares under 1 Different sowing ways of table
Note:The measure date is June 18, and yield is hay yield, similarly hereinafter.
The biomass of weeds compares under 2 Different sowing ways of table
The cover degree of weeds compares (%) under 3 Different sowing ways of table
From data above, using the method for the invention, line-spacing 10cm can effectively control the weeds in clover field
Incidence makes clover field weed biomass reduce 68.7g/m2, reduce 15.9%;Weeds coverage reduces 27%;It meanwhile can
To significantly improve every 451 grams of square meter alfalfa hay yield, convert into per acre for 300 kilograms, the amplitude of raising is 302.7%.
Case study on implementation 2
(a) selection of land:Select the smooth plot without miscellaneous stone, it is desirable that the gradient is less than 10 °, and miscellaneous stone diameter is less than 5cm.Never
Select air port, blue or green sand is shown up, fertility is low, barren plot.
(b) turn over and rake the soil level:Selected plot is turned over using rotary plow, tilling depth is not less than 30cm, after turning over
It rakes the soil level, smashes large clod, it is desirable that soil block diameter is to be less than 5cm.
(c) organic fertilizer:Well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields on the plot after turning over, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of farm manure is according to soil fertility
It determines.
(d) site preparation:To spreading fertilizer over the fields the plot after farm manure further rake and thin site preparation, it is desirable that put down on soil surface
Whole no bulk soil block and farm manure block, the diameter of block are less than 3cm.
(e) irrigate:It carries out trickle irrigation within three days prior to seeding, ensures soil moisture abundance without hardened;
(f) sow:Suitable alfalfa cultivars are selected, clover grass seeds is carried out by north-south item using no-tillage seeding machine
It broadcasts, after north-south has been sowed, then is sowed with intersecting 30 ° -45 ° with north and south ridge by North-East Bound southwestward, until sowing is complete
Portion completes, line-spacing 15cm, depth of planting 2-3cm, it is desirable that application rate 22.5kg/hm2。
(g) field management:After diamond shape plantation, it is managed according to conventional clover field management.
On the basis of said program, using the field management pattern consistent with traditional alfalfa cultivation.Institute of the present invention
The advantageous effect stated can further be embodied by the data in table 1,2,3.
The biomass of clover compares under 1 Different sowing ways of table
Note:The measure date is June 18, and yield is hay yield, similarly hereinafter.
The biomass of weeds compares under 2 Different sowing ways of table
The cover degree of weeds compares (%) under 3 Different sowing ways of table
From data above, using the method for the invention, line-spacing 15cm can effectively control the weeds in clover field
Incidence makes clover field weed biomass reduce 244g/m2, reduce 29.7%;Weeds coverage reduces 11%;It meanwhile can
To significantly improve every 243.33 grams of square meter alfalfa hay yield, it is 162 kilograms per acre to convert into, and the amplitude of raising is
143.1%.
Case study on implementation 3
(a) selection of land:Select the smooth plot without miscellaneous stone, it is desirable that the gradient is less than 10 °, and miscellaneous stone diameter is less than 5cm.Never
Select air port, blue or green sand is shown up, fertility is low, barren plot.
(b) turn over and rake the soil level:Selected plot is turned over using rotary plow, tilling depth is not less than 30cm, after turning over
It rakes the soil level, smashes large clod, it is desirable that soil block diameter is to be less than 5cm.
(c) organic fertilizer:Well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields on the plot after turning over, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of farm manure is according to soil fertility
It determines.
(d) site preparation:To spreading fertilizer over the fields the plot after farm manure further rake and thin site preparation, it is desirable that put down on soil surface
Whole no bulk soil block and farm manure block, the diameter of block are less than 3cm.
(e) irrigate:It carries out trickle irrigation within three days prior to seeding, ensures soil moisture abundance without hardened;
(f) sow:Suitable alfalfa cultivars are selected, clover grass seeds is carried out by north-south item using no-tillage seeding machine
It broadcasts, after north-south has been sowed, then is sowed with intersecting 30 ° -45 ° with north and south ridge by North-East Bound southwestward, until sowing is complete
Portion completes, line-spacing 20cm, depth of planting 2-3cm, it is desirable that application rate 22.5kg/hm2。
(g) field management:After diamond shape plantation, it is managed according to conventional clover field management.
On the basis of said program, using the field management pattern consistent with traditional alfalfa cultivation.Institute of the present invention
The advantageous effect stated can further be embodied by the data in table 1,2,3
The biomass of clover compares under 1 Different sowing ways of table
Note:The measure date is June 18, and yield is hay yield, similarly hereinafter.
The biomass of weeds compares under 2 Different sowing ways of table
The cover degree of weeds compares (%) under 3 Different sowing ways of table
From data above, using the method for the invention, line-spacing 20cm can significantly control the weeds in clover field
Incidence makes clover field weed biomass reduce 339.7g/m2, reduces 63.6%;Weeds coverage reduces 35%;Meanwhile
Every 318.4 grams of square meter alfalfa hay yield can be significantly improved, it is 212 kilograms per acre to convert into, and the amplitude of raising is
65.2%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in, and the diamond shape bag being made of clover can be formed by diamond shape Planting Medicago sativa field
It encloses, forms small independent habitat, on the one hand can effectively reduce the quantity that blows away for the allelochemical that wind discharges clover, and then
Make therebetween weeds be subject to clover allelochemical inhibit without grow or it is slow-growing;On the other hand, due to clover diamond array, make
The growing space of weeds is affected, and thereby reduces the competition for space probability of weeds and clover.Clover field can so be made
Weed biomass reduces by 138.33-760g, and cover degree reduces 11%-35%;Meanwhile every square meter alfalfa can be significantly improved and done
162-300 kgs/acre of Herbage harvest, the amplitude of raising is 65.2%-302.7%.Most of all, this method can make per acre
Herbicide cost of use 5-12 members are saved in clover field, and the economic benefit that increased alfalfa output (162-300 kgs/acre) is brought can
To improve 329.7-610.5 members (the 2035 yuan/ton of calculating of clover price in 2017).
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method that clover weeds in field is prevented and kill off in diamond shape plantation, the described method comprises the following steps:
(a) selection of land:Select the smooth plot without miscellaneous stone, it is desirable that the gradient is less than 10 °, and miscellaneous stone diameter is less than 5cm, never selects
Air port, blue or green sand is shown up, fertility is low, barren plot;
(b) turn over and rake the soil level:Selected plot is turned over using rotary plow, tilling depth is not less than 30cm, is carried out after turning over
It rakes the soil level, smashes large clod, it is desirable that soil block diameter is to be less than 5cm;
(c) organic fertilizer:Well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields on the plot after turning over, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of farm manure is true according to soil fertility
It is fixed;
(d) site preparation:To spreading fertilizer over the fields the plot after farm manure further rake and thin site preparation, it is desirable that soil surfacing without
Bulk soil block and farm manure block, the diameter of block are less than 3cm;
(e) irrigate:It carries out trickle irrigation within three days prior to seeding, ensures soil moisture abundance without hardened;
(f) sow:Suitable alfalfa cultivars are selected, clover grass seeds is carried out by north-south drilling, south using no-tillage seeding machine
It after north orientation has been sowed, then is sowed with intersecting 30 ° -45 ° with north and south ridge by North-East Bound southwestward, until sowing is all complete
Into line-spacing 10-20cm, depth of planting 2-3cm, it is desirable that application rate 22.5kg/hm2;
(g) field management:After diamond shape plantation, it is managed according to conventional clover field management.
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CN109042097A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | A kind of protection friendship broadcasting method of sandy grassland planting perennial plant |
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