CN109275514B - Finger millet cultivation method - Google Patents
Finger millet cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109275514B CN109275514B CN201811131764.9A CN201811131764A CN109275514B CN 109275514 B CN109275514 B CN 109275514B CN 201811131764 A CN201811131764 A CN 201811131764A CN 109275514 B CN109275514 B CN 109275514B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating finger millet, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of sowing the finger millet on a furrow, paving a mulching film, using the mulching film for water retention, heat preservation, weed damage control and seedling emergence uniformity guarantee, breaking the film when the seedling height approaches the mulching film, and weeding in a seedling period to guarantee normal growth of finger millet plants; harvesting after the finger millet plants are mature; and a mulching film is paved from the time when the finger millet is sowed to the time of harvesting. The method for cultivating the finger millet is simple and convenient to operate, and the finger millet with high yield is obtained. The finger millet cultivation technology can ensure that the emergence of seedlings is tidy, the emergence rate of finger millet is increased, and the emergence rate is as high as 95-98%; the method can effectively control the weeds, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce the use amount of pesticides by 15-20%; the environment is protected, the labor force is greatly saved, and the cost is saved by 10-15%; the crop yield is increased by 10-15%. The invention provides a theoretical basis for the development of finger millet and finger millet industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting of finger millet, in particular to a finger millet cultivation method.
Background
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) gartn), also known as soda grain, finger millet, chicken claw millet, duck foot millet, etc. Is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Eleusine (Gramineae) of the family Gramineae. Originating in africa, and distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the eastern hemisphere; uganda, kenya, India, Nepal, etc. are the main cultivation areas. China is distributed in the south of the Yangtze river, Hunan, Anhui, Guangxi, Henan, Tibet, Shaanxi and other provinces. The finger millet has strong adaptability and can grow in places with the altitude of 500-2400 m. Has the characteristics of drought resistance, saline-alkali soil resistance and the like, and can normally grow when the pH value of acid soil is about 5.0 or the pH value of alkaline soil is about 8.2. The application is wide, and the crop is a storage-resistant crop integrating multiple purposes of eating, feeding and medicine.
At present, eleusine is generally interplanted with other plants, and the cultivation management of eleusine is mostly extensive type. The method for planting the finger millet independently or efficiently is relatively few in research, and scientific theoretical support is lacked in the aspects of cultivation management such as fertilizer and water management, disease, pest and weed prevention and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for cultivating finger millet, which aims to solve the technical problems of extensive management and high planting cost of the conventional finger millet cultivation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for cultivating eleusine comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of sowing the finger millet on a furrow, paving a mulching film, using the mulching film for water retention, heat preservation, weed damage control and seedling emergence uniformity guarantee, breaking the film when the seedling height approaches the mulching film, and weeding in a seedling period to guarantee normal growth of finger millet plants; harvesting after the finger millet plants are mature; and a mulching film is paved from the time when the finger millet is sowed to the time of harvesting.
Further, when the mulching film is covered, the height of the film surface is consistent with that of the ridge surface, the mulching film is tightened and flat, and the periphery of the mulching film is compacted; the thickness of the mulching film is 0.01 mm-0.015 mm, and the width is 2.2 m-2.5 m; covering soil on the mulching film in the non-planting area between the planting rows, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 3-5 cm; the mulching film is transparent.
Furthermore, ridging is adopted for the ridges, and ditches are reserved at the edges of the ridges, so that the ditches and the ditches are communicated to facilitate drainage and waterlogging prevention; the width of the ridge surface is 2.0-2.2 m, the height of the ridge is 20-25 cm, the length of the ridge is 30-40 m, and grooves for draining water and preventing waterlogging with the depth of 20-25 cm are reserved on the two sides of the ridge respectively; each line of finger millet is 5-10 cm away from the edge of the ridge.
The finger millet is sown in clear and rainy days in open field in a hill sowing or drill sowing mode; the line spacing of the finger millet hole sowing is 20-25 cm, the hole spacing is 10-15 cm, and each hole sowing is sufficient for 8-12 seeds; the line spacing of the finger millet drill is 15-20 cm, and 120-160 seeds are sowed in each line; the distance between the seeds and the mulching film is 6 cm-10 cm.
Further, after sowing, according to the weight of 20 kg-25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 500 kg-750 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer/667 m2Applying seed fertilizer according to the standard; covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 1 cm-2 cm after applying seed manure.
Further, when the height of the seedling is 4-5 cm and/or 2-3 true leaves, breaking the mulching film above the seedling; the size of the broken mulching film for hole sowing is similar to that of the hole, and the size of the broken mulching film for drill sowing is 5 cm-10 cm in diameter and 10 cm-15 cm apart; thinning is carried out when the height of the seedlings is 6-8 cm and/or 4-5 true leaves, and thinning is carried out by reserving 4-5 finger millet plants per hole of hole sowing or 110-130 finger millet plants per row of line sowing.
Further, before planting the eleusine coracana in the ridge, deep ploughing and land preparation are carried out, 250 kg-300 kg of cooked rapeseed cake fertilizer and 15-20 kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer are added before land preparation2Applying base fertilizer in standard; the ternary compound fertilizer is N, P, K compound fertilizer.
Furthermore, before the finger millet is planted in the ridge, sun-drying for 6-8 h, removing impurities and screening healthy and plump seeds.
Further, the method also comprises the step of applying 200-300 kg/667m of farmyard manure in an additional mode during intertillage2。
Further, two batches of harvesting modes are adopted for the finger millet harvesting, and the first batch of harvesting is carried out when more than 50% of the main stem ear head of the finger millet is brown or brown; and (4) performing second batch of harvesting when the first batch is harvested for 6-8 days.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the finger millet cultivation method comprises the steps of planting finger millet in furrows, paving a mulching film, breaking the film when the height of a seedling approaches the mulching film, weeding in a seedling period, and harvesting after finger millet plants are mature and mature. The ground temperature is improved by 1-2 ℃ through the arrangement of the mulching film, the constant temperature for seed germination is guaranteed, the germination rate is improved by 25-30%, the emergence time of the finger millet seeds is advanced by 3-4 days, and the finger millet seeds can be harvested in advance.
2. According to the finger millet cultivation method, the mulching film is laid to provide sufficient moisture for the finger millet seed germination, and evaporated moisture contacts the mulching film and condenses back when meeting cold, so that the moisture is effectively inhibited from being reduced. In addition, when the drought weather occurs in the later growth period, the water-retaining effect can still be achieved, watering is not needed in the whole growth period, and the finger millet can be continuously produced.
3. According to the finger millet cultivation method, mulching films are laid to ensure that the seeds are orderly germinated, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, the germination rate is 95-98%, and the germination rate of the seeds without the mulching films is about 50%.
4. The cultivation method of finger millet disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the grass injury is effectively controlled by paving the mulching film, the weeds are the main hazards of finger millet planting, the grass injury is not controlled in time, and the great influence is caused on the yield of finger millet. The growth of weeds is effectively inhibited by paving the mulching film, and weeding is carried out in the seedling stage, so that compared with the traditional planting, 3-4 times of weeding work is saved, the labor force is greatly saved, and the cost is saved.
5. According to the finger millet cultivation method, the plastic film is paved to reduce diseases, weeds are effectively controlled, the environment of the planting area is ventilated, and the pathogen habitat is reduced. And moreover, the mulching film is covered for a long time, so that the ground temperature is higher than the normal temperature for a long time, and partial underground pests and pathogens are killed, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the using amount of pesticides is reduced.
6. The method for cultivating the finger millet is simple and convenient to operate, and high-yield finger millet is obtained. The finger millet cultivation technology can ensure that the emergence of seedlings is tidy, the emergence rate of finger millet is increased, and the emergence rate is as high as 95-98%; the method can effectively control the weeds, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce the use amount of pesticides by 15-20%; the environment is protected, the labor force is greatly saved, and the cost is saved by 10-15%; the crop yield is increased by 10-15%. The invention provides a theoretical basis for the development of finger millet and finger millet industry.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the harvest time of Eleusine Corona with mulch film according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic view of the harvest period of finger millet without mulch film according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the growth period of Eleusine coracana with mulch film according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the growth period of finger millet without mulch film according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the harvest time of Eleusine Corona with mulch film according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; figure 2 is a schematic view of the harvest period of finger millet without mulch film according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the growth period of Eleusine coracana with mulch film according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the growth period of finger millet without mulch film according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for cultivating eleusine comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of sowing the finger millet on a furrow, paving a mulching film, using the mulching film for water retention, heat preservation, weed damage control and seedling emergence uniformity guarantee, breaking the film when the seedling height approaches the mulching film, and weeding in a seedling period to guarantee normal growth of finger millet plants; harvesting after the finger millet plants are mature; and a mulching film is paved from the time when the finger millet is sowed to the time of harvesting. The finger millet cultivation method comprises the steps of planting finger millet in furrows, paving a mulching film, breaking the film when the height of a seedling approaches the mulching film, weeding in a seedling period, and harvesting after finger millet plants are mature and mature. According to the method for cultivating the finger millet, the ground temperature is increased by 1-2 ℃ due to the arrangement of the mulching film, the constant germination temperature of the seeds is ensured, the germination rate is increased by 25-30%, the emergence time of the finger millet seeds is advanced by 3-4 days, and the finger millet can be harvested in advance.
Above-mentioned finger millet cultivation method, the plastic film of spreading provides sufficient moisture for the sprouting of finger millet seed, and the moisture that evaporates contacts the plastic film and meets the cold recondensation, the reduction of effectual suppression moisture. In addition, when the drought weather occurs in the later growth period, the water-retaining effect can still be achieved, watering is not needed in the whole growth period, and the finger millet can be continuously produced.
According to the method for cultivating the finger millet, the mulching film is laid to ensure that the seeds are orderly germinated, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, the germination rate is 95-98%, and the germination rate of the seeds without the mulching film is about 50%.
According to the finger millet cultivation method, the mulching film is paved to effectively control the grass injury, the weeds are the main hazards of finger millet planting, the grass injury is not controlled in time, and huge influences are caused on the yield of the finger millet. Laying the growth of the weeds effectively, weeding in the seedling stage, and compared with the traditional planting, saving 3-4 times of weeding work, greatly saving labor force and saving cost.
According to the method for cultivating the eleusine coracana, the plastic film is paved to reduce diseases, weeds are effectively controlled, the environment of the planting area is ventilated, and the pathogeny habitat is reduced. And moreover, the mulching film is covered for a long time, so that the ground temperature is higher than the normal temperature for a long time, and partial underground pests and pathogens are killed, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the using amount of pesticides is reduced.
The method for cultivating the finger millet is simple and convenient to operate, and the finger millet with high yield is obtained. The finger millet cultivation technology can ensure that the emergence of seedlings is tidy, the emergence rate of finger millet is increased, and the emergence rate is as high as 95-98%; the method can effectively control the weeds, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce the use amount of pesticides by 15-20%; the environment is protected, the labor force is greatly saved, and the cost is saved by 10-15%; the crop yield is increased by 10-15%. The finger millet cultivation technology provides a theoretical basis for the development of finger millet and finger millet industries.
Weeds are a major hazard for planting of finger millet, the seeds of finger millet are very small, resulting in relatively slow development in the early growth stage, and finger millet is weaker than weeds in light, water and nutrient competition. Therefore, weeding is required during thinning in the seedling stage and weeding is required during intertillage in the middle stage. Along with the continuous growth of the finger millet, the growth of weeds can be controlled under the action of the mulching film, and the harm of the weeds to the finger millet is effectively controlled.
The finger millet is sowed with a mulching film during the harvesting period. In general, plants need to be removed after growing period, and unlike general plants, the finger millet is always paved with the mulching film from sowing to harvesting, and the mulching film plays different roles in different periods of the finger millet. In the initial growth stage, the mulching film can effectively retain water and heat, the seeds emerge 3-5 days in advance, and the same seedling height is ensured; in the middle stage of growth, the growth of weeds is effectively inhibited, manual impurity removal is reduced for 3-4 times, labor cost is greatly saved, the use of pesticides can be reduced, and environmental pollution is reduced; in the later growth period, due to reasons of seasons, rainwater is reduced, the moisture of soil can be preserved by the mulching film, the moisture generated by sunlight irradiation evaporation meets the mulching film for condensation, the volatilization of the moisture is reduced, and the normal growth of the finger millet can be maintained even by the mulching film in the drought period.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the heights of the film surface and the ridge surface are consistent when the mulching film is covered, the mulching film is tightened and flat, and the periphery of the mulching film is compacted. Preferably, the compaction is provided by bumps, mounds or stone spacers to ensure compaction. And the mulching film is compacted to ensure that the seeds are in order to bud. The thickness of the mulching film is 0.01 mm-0.015 mm, and the width is 2.2 m-2.5 m; and covering soil on the mulching film in the non-planting area between the planting rows, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 3-5 cm. The mulching film is transparent. The thickness of the mulching film is more than 0.015mm, and due to the obstruction of the mulching film, the seeds can not obtain sufficient light to inhibit the growth of the seeds. When the diameter is less than 0.01mm, the heat preservation effect of the mulching film is reduced, and the growth period of the finger millet is influenced. The soil is covered on the mulching film, so that the growth of weeds is effectively inhibited, and the influence of the weeds on the growth of finger millet is avoided. The mulching film is transparent, has high toughness and small damage, has light transmittance and thermal radiance of over 90 percent, and can effectively improve the microbial activity of soil and the organic matter content of the soil. Preferably, the mulching film is an organic degradable mulching film. Protect the environment and prevent the pollution of soil.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, ridging is adopted for the ridge, and a ditch is reserved at the edge of the ridge, so that the ditches are communicated to facilitate drainage and waterlogging prevention. The width of the ridge surface is 2.0-2.2 m, the height of the ridge is 20-25 cm, the length of the ridge is 30-40 m, and grooves with the depth of 20-25 cm for drainage and waterlogging prevention are reserved on the two sides of the ridge. Each line of finger millet is 5-10 cm away from the edge of the ridge. The ridging and ridging are carried out, the ridging is flat and straight, and the ditch is communicated, so that the drainage and waterlogging prevention are facilitated. If the water is not drained smoothly, bacterial and fungal diseases are easily caused, and the normal growth of crops is influenced. The ridging is carried out, the high ridge coverage light receiving is good, the ground temperature is easy to rise, the ground temperature difference is reduced through the mulching film coverage, and the seedling emergence time of the finger millet can be advanced by 3-5 days. The distance between each line of the finger millet and the border of the ridge is 5-10 cm, so that the finger millet is prevented from being influenced by soil compaction around the finger millet.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, in the embodiment, the finger millet is sown in open field in the clear valley and in a hill-drop or drill-drop manner; the line spacing of the finger millet hole sowing is 20-25 cm, the hole spacing is 10-15 cm, and each hole sowing is sufficient for 8-12 seeds; the line spacing of finger millet drill is 15 cm-20 cm, and each line is sowed with 120-160 seeds. The proper planting distance is favorable for the growth of plants and the acquisition of sufficient nutrients; on the other hand, the proper clearance ensures the ventilation of the environment of the ethnic region and reduces the pathogen habitat. Optionally, the distance between the seeds and the mulching film is 6 cm-10 cm. The distance between the seeds and the mulching film is 6 cm-10 cm, and the seedlings grow under the protection of the mulching film at the early stage of finger millet emergence, the distance of 6 cm-10 cm is reserved, and the seedlings are prevented from being scalded by the mulching film. In the embodiment, after sowing, 20kg to 25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 500kg to 750kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer are added2The standard of (3) applying seed fertilizer. Covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 1 cm-2 cm after applying seed manure. The seed fertilizer is applied, which is beneficial to strengthening seedlings and early growth, increases the concentration of available nutrients around the root system, meets the growth requirement of the seedlings, and promotes the development of the root system.
In the embodiment, when the height of the seedling is 4-5 cm and/or 2-3 true leaves, the mulching film above the seedling is broken. The size of the broken mulching film for hole sowing is similar to that of the hole, and the size of the broken mulching film for drill sowing is 5 cm-10 cm in diameter and 10 cm-15 cm apart. In order to ensure the seedlings to emerge regularly during the growth of the primary seedlings, sufficient moisture needs to be provided for the seedlings of the seeds. The water drops on the mulching film are beaten into the soil by walking in the planting area or beating the water drops into the soil by bamboo poles every morning, so that the water is uniformly sprinkled, the mulching film is ensured to be flat, and the seedlings are ensured to be neat. And after about 5-7 days of sowing, the seeds begin to emerge in succession. And breaking the mulching film above the holes when the height of the seedlings is 4-5 cm and/or 2-3 true leaves. Above-mentioned plastic film rupture can adopt the mode of tailorring to cut the membrane of top, lets the seedling normal growth. The time of membrane breaking is a key control point, the membrane breaking is too early, the normal growth of seedlings is influenced, the membrane breaking is too late, and the seedlings are too high and are easily scalded by membranes. Care should be taken to rupture the membrane to prevent the membrane from being large in area, which is usually the same size as the seedling. Avoiding the effects of grass prevention, heat preservation and water retention. Preferably, thinning is carried out when the height of the seedlings is 6-8 cm and/or 4-5 true leaves, and thinning is carried out by reserving 4-5 finger millet plants per hole of hole sowing or 110-130 finger millet plants per row of line sowing. Thinning is started when the height of the seedlings is about 6-8 cm or 4-5 true leaves, thinning is carried out by reserving 4-5 finger millet plants per hole or 110-130 finger millet plants per line, thinning density is large for growth of the finger millet plants, yield is influenced by too little remained seedlings, too many diseases and insect pests are increased after the remained seedlings are remained, and stalks are fine and easy to fall. If the pocket is found to be missing, the seedling is timely replenished.
In the embodiment, before planting finger millet in the ridge, deep ploughing and land preparation are further included, and 250 kg-300 kg of cooked rapeseed cake fertilizer and 1520kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer are added before land preparation2The standard base fertilizer is applied. The ternary compound fertilizer is N, P, K compound fertilizer. The eleusine is relatively resistant to fertilizer and strong in adaptability, and excessive fertilizer is easy to fall down and get ill, so that a small amount of base fertilizer or no base fertilizer can be applied to fertile land.
In the embodiment, before the finger millet is planted in the ridge, the sun planting is carried out for 6-8 h, impurities are removed, and healthy and plump seeds are screened. The sun planting and seed screening can improve the germination rate of seeds and ensure fast and regular emergence of seedlings.
In the embodiment, the method also comprises the step of applying 200-300 kg/667m of farmyard manure in an additional mode during intertillage2. The finger millet is drought-resistant and has low water demand. In the whole growth period, a small amount of water can be added or no water is added, and the strong root system is used for adsorbing underground water to complete the growth. The fertilizer requirement of the finger millet is not high, and the finger millet can grow in barren places. However, in order to ensure the yield, fertilizer should be applied as appropriate according to the fertility level of the soil. Generally, in intertillage topdressing, 200-300 kg/667m of farmyard manure is topdressed2Is beneficial to seedling lifting, and does not recommend fertilization and work for soil with fertility above mediumEasily cause fertilizer damage, increase the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and influence the yield and the quality.
The main diseases of the eleusina include leaf blight and panicle blast caused by fungi, and when the leaf blight occurs, 1500 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 500-800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl or 3000 times of liquid of 25% triazolone wettable powder is sprayed; when the panicle blast occurs, the pesticide can be sprayed by using 400 times of 40% isoprothiolane missible oil or 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 2000 times of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder. The disease is less in the whole growth period of the finger millet, and the medicine is rarely used basically
The main insect pests of the finger millet include yellow borer, stinkbug, and the like. The chemical control of the yellow rice borer must be carried out by holding the adult full growth period and the larva hatching period, and spraying 3000 times of 20% fenvalerate missible oil, 3000 times of 5% lefurin missible oil or 3000 times of 10% tianwangxing missible oil. When the stink bugs occur, 2000-fold liquid of 30% thiazine chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution or 800-1000-fold diluent of 90% trichlorfon crystals can be used for spraying.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment, two batches of finger millet harvesting are adopted, and the first batch of finger millet harvesting is performed when more than 50% of the main stem ear heads of the finger millet are brown or brown. And (4) performing second batch of harvesting when the first batch is harvested for 6-8 days. When the main stem ear heads of the eleusine coracana and 50 percent of the ear heads of the crops are brown or brown, and the seeds reach the color of seeds for use, the first batch of harvesting is carried out. Fully drying in the sun, threshing, and cleaning grains by using a sieve. The first harvest was carried out for about 7 days and the second harvest was carried out. If some ears are not completely mature, the picked ears can be placed in a cool place for after-ripening. Fully drying in the sun, threshing, and storing the sieved seeds, namely the eleusine coracana, in a cool place for later use.
Example 1
1.1 soil preparation and base fertilizer application
Selecting field blocks with deep soil layer, higher than medium fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage and sufficient sunlight, and deeply ploughing and preparing soil; spreading base fertilizer, 300kg of cooked rapeseed cake fertilizer and 20kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer before land preparation2The standard base fertilizer is used, and the ternary compound fertilizer is N, P, K compound fertilizer.
1.2 ditch-drawing and bed-making
Carrying out rotary tillage, leveling, ridging and bed making; the width of the ridge surface is 2.0m, the height of the ridge is 20cm, the length of the ridge is 35m, and grooves with the depth of 20cm are reserved on the two sides of the ridge respectively; the rectangular furrows are required to be straight, and the ditches are communicated, so that the drainage and waterlogging prevention are facilitated.
1.3 sowing and mulching
Planting eleusine in the sun for 8 hours; removing impurities, shrivelled, wounded and diseased grains, and screening healthy and full seeds;
the sowing time is the clearing time, direct sowing is carried out in open field, and hole sowing is adopted;
the row spacing of hole sowing is 20cm, the hole spacing is 15cm, each hole is full of 10 seeds, the distance between each seed and a mulching film is 8cm, and each line of eleusine coracana is 6cm from the edge of the furrow;
after sowing, according to the weight ratio of 25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 600kg/667m of soil miscellaneous fertilizer2The standard of the method is applied with seed manure, a layer of crushed soil with the thickness of 1cm is covered, after sowing is finished, a layer of transparent mulching film is laid, the heights of the film surface and the ridge surface are consistent when the mulching film is covered, the mulching film is tightened and flat, the periphery of the mulching film is compacted by soil, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.01mm, and the width of the mulching film is 2.5 m; and covering soil on the mulching film in the non-planting area between the planting rows, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 3 cm.
1.4 Membrane rupture and thinning
In order to ensure the uniformity of seedling emergence and provide sufficient moisture for seedling emergence of seeds, water drops on the film are knocked into the soil in the morning every day after sowing; on day 7, the seeds began to emerge successively; when the seedling grows to 4cm or 2 true leaves, cutting off the film above the corresponding hole to ensure that the seedling grows normally; thinning when the height of the seedling is about 7cm or 5 true leaves, and reserving 4 seedlings in each hole; when the pocket is found to be lacked, the seedlings are timely replenished.
1.5 Fertilizer and Water management
No watering is needed during the whole growth period. Intertillage topdressing, topdressing 200-300 kg/667m of farmyard manure2。
1.6 control of diseases, pests and weeds
Weeding during seedling stage and thinning, and intertillage weeding during middle stage;
when the leaf blight occurs, 1500 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder is sprayed;
when the panicle blast occurs, the pesticide can be sprayed by 400 times of 40 percent isoprothiolane emulsifiable solution;
when the tryporyza incertulas occurs, chemical control must be carried out by holding the adult stage and the larva incubation stage, and 3000 times of 20% fenvalerate missible oil is sprayed;
when stink bugs occur, the stink bugs can be sprayed with 2000 times of 30% thiazine chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution.
1.7 harvesting and storage
The first harvest was carried out when 50% of the heads of the finger millet became brown or brown. Fully drying in the sun, threshing, and cleaning grains by using a sieve; after 7 days of the first harvest, carrying out second batch of harvest; if part of the ears are not completely mature, the picked ears can be placed in a cool place for after-ripening; fully drying in the sun, threshing, and storing the sieved seeds, namely the commercial eleusine, in a cool place for later use.
Example 2
2.1 soil preparation and base fertilizer application
Selecting field blocks with deep soil layer, higher than medium fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage and sufficient sunlight, and deeply ploughing and preparing soil; spreading base fertilizer, 300kg of cooked rapeseed cake fertilizer and 20kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer before land preparation2The standard base fertilizer is used, and the ternary compound fertilizer is N, P, K compound fertilizer.
2.2 ditch-drawing and bed-making
Carrying out rotary tillage, leveling, ridging and bed making; the width of the ridge surface is 2.0m, the height of the ridge is 20cm, the length of the ridge is 35cm, and grooves with the depth of 25cm are reserved on the two sides of the ridge respectively; the rectangular furrows are required to be straight, and the ditches are communicated, so that the drainage and waterlogging prevention are facilitated.
2.3 sowing and mulching
Planting eleusine in the sun for 7 hours; removing impurities, shrivelled, wounded and diseased grains, and screening healthy and full seeds;
the sowing time is the clearness time, direct sowing is carried out in open field, and drill sowing is adopted;
the row spacing of drilling is 20cm, 140 seeds are sowed in each row, and the distance between each finger millet and the ridge edge is 6 cm;
after sowing, according to the weight ratio of 20kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 650kg/667m of soil miscellaneous fertilizer2The standard seed manure is applied, a layer of 2cm thick soil is covered, after the seeding is finished, a layer of transparent mulching film is laid, the heights of the film surface and the ridge surface are consistent when the mulching film is covered, and the mulching film is tightenedFlattening, compacting the periphery of the mulching film by using soil, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.013mm, and the width of the mulching film is 2.5 m; and covering soil on the mulching film in the non-planting area between the planting rows, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 3 cm.
2.4 Membrane disruption and thinning
In order to ensure the uniformity of seedling emergence and provide sufficient moisture for seedling emergence of seeds, water drops on the film are knocked into the soil in the morning every day after sowing; on day 7, the seeds began to emerge successively; when the seedling grows to 4cm or 2 true leaves, the size of the broken mulching film is 6cm in diameter and 10cm apart; allowing the seedlings to grow normally; thinning seedlings when the height of the seedlings is about 7cm or 5 true leaves, and reserving 120 seedlings in each row; when the pocket is found to be lacked, the seedlings are timely replenished.
2.5 Fertilizer and Water management
No watering is needed during the whole growth period. Intertillage topdressing, topdressing 200-300 kg/667m of farmyard manure2。
2.6 control of diseases, pests and weeds
Weeding during seedling stage and thinning, and intertillage weeding during middle stage;
when the leaf blight occurs, 1500 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder is sprayed;
when the panicle blast occurs, the pesticide can be sprayed by 400 times of 40 percent isoprothiolane emulsifiable solution;
when the tryporyza incertulas occurs, chemical control must be carried out by holding the adult full growth period and the larva hatching period, and 3000 times of 20% fenvalerate missible oil is sprayed;
when stink bugs occur, the stink bugs can be sprayed with 2000 times of 30% thiazine chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution.
2.7 harvesting and storage
When 50% of the heads of the eleusine coracana turn brown or brown, carrying out first-batch harvesting; fully drying in the sun, threshing, and cleaning grains by using a sieve; after 7 days of the first harvest, carrying out second batch of harvest; if part of the ears are not completely mature, the picked ears can be placed in a cool place for after-ripening; fully drying in the sun, threshing, and storing the sieved seeds, namely the commercial eleusine, in a cool place for later use.
Comparative example 3
3.1 soil preparation and base fertilizer application
Selecting soil layerThe land is deep, the fertility is more than moderate, the irrigation and drainage is convenient, the field is sunny, and the land is ploughed deeply and prepared; spreading base fertilizer, 300kg of cooked rapeseed cake fertilizer and 20kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer before land preparation2The standard base fertilizer is used, and the ternary compound fertilizer is N, P, K compound fertilizer.
3.2 ditch-drawing and bed-making
Rotary tillage, leveling, ridging and bed making. The width of the ridge surface is 2.0m, the height of the ridge is 20cm, the length of the ridge is 35cm, and grooves with the depth of 25cm are reserved on the two sides of the ridge respectively; the rectangular furrows are required to be straight, and the ditches are communicated, so that the drainage and waterlogging prevention are facilitated.
3.3 sowing
Planting eleusine in the sun for 7 hours; removing impurities, shrivelled, wounded and diseased grains, and screening healthy and full seeds;
the sowing time is the clearing time, direct sowing is carried out in open field, and hole sowing is adopted;
the row spacing of hole sowing is 20cm, the hole spacing is 15cm, each hole is sufficient for 10 seeds, and each line of eleusine coracana is 6cm away from the border of the furrow;
after sowing, according to the weight ratio of 20kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 650kg/667m of soil miscellaneous fertilizer2The standard of (3) applying seed fertilizer, and covering a layer of 2cm thick soil.
3.4 thinning out
On the 10 th day of sowing, the seeds begin to emerge in succession; thinning when the height of the seedling is about 7cm or 5 true leaves, and reserving 4 seedlings in each hole; when the pocket is found to be lacked, the seedlings are timely replenished.
3.5 Fertilizer and Water management
Watering to ensure that the finger millet grows normally in the whole growth period; intertillage topdressing, topdressing 200-300 kg/667m of farmyard manure2。
3.6 control of diseases, pests and weeds
Weeding from the seedling stage to the harvest stage;
when the leaf blight occurs, 1500 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder is sprayed;
when the panicle blast occurs, the pesticide can be sprayed by 400 times of 40 percent isoprothiolane emulsifiable solution;
when the tryporyza incertulas occurs, chemical control must be carried out by holding the adult full growth period and the larva hatching period, and 3000 times of 20% fenvalerate missible oil is sprayed;
when stink bugs occur, the stink bugs can be sprayed with 2000 times of 30% thiazine chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution.
3.7 harvesting and storage
The first harvest was carried out when 50% of the heads of the finger millet became brown or brown. Fully drying in the sun, threshing, and cleaning grains by using a sieve; after 7 days of the first harvest, carrying out second batch of harvest; if part of the ears are not completely mature, the picked ears can be placed in a cool place for after-ripening; fully drying in the sun, threshing, and storing the sieved seeds, namely the commercial eleusine, in a cool place for later use.
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, in comparative example 3, the emergence rate was low, the plants grew irregularly, weeds were more, plant diseases and insect pests were more serious, lodging occurred, and the crop yield was lower.
In example 1 above, the rate of emergence was 96% and the plants grew neatly. Compared with the comparative example 3, the method has the advantages of effectively inhibiting the weed damage, reducing the plant diseases and insect pests and reducing the using amount of the pesticide by 20 percent; the labor force is greatly saved, and the cost is saved by 15 percent; the yield of the crops is increased by 15 percent.
In example 2 above, the emergence rate was 97%, and the plants grew neatly. Compared with the comparative example 3, the method has the advantages of effectively inhibiting the weed damage, reducing the plant diseases and insect pests and reducing the using amount of the pesticide by 20 percent; the labor force is greatly saved, and the cost is saved by 14 percent; the yield of the crops is increased by 15 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The cultivation method of finger millet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and base fertilizer application
Selecting field blocks with deep soil layer, medium or higher level of fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage and sufficient sunlight, deep ploughing and preparing soil, spreading base fertilizer before preparing soil, 300kg of cooked rapeseed cake fertilizer and 20kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer2Standard base fertilizer application and ternary compoundingN, P, K compound fertilizer is adopted as the fertilizer;
(2) ditch-drawing and bed-making
Carrying out rotary tillage and leveling, ridging and making a furrow, wherein the width of a furrow surface is 2.0m, the height of the furrow is 20cm, the length of the furrow is 35m, and trenches with the depth of 25cm are reserved on two sides of the furrow respectively, so that the furrows are straight and communicated, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are facilitated;
(3) seeding and mulching
Sowing, planting eleusine in the sun for 7h, removing impurities, shriveled, wounded and diseased grains, screening healthy and plump seeds,
the sowing time is the clearness time, the direct sowing is carried out in open field, the drill sowing is adopted,
the row spacing of drilling is 20cm, 140 seeds are sowed in each row, the distance between each finger millet and the ridge edge is 6cm,
after sowing, according to the weight ratio of 20kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 650kg/667m of soil miscellaneous fertilizer2The standard of the method is applied with seed manure, a layer of 2cm thick soil is covered, after seeding is finished, a layer of transparent mulching film is laid, the height of the film surface is consistent with that of the ridge-up surface when the mulching film is covered, the mulching film is tightened and stretched, the periphery of the mulching film is compacted by soil, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.013mm, the width of the mulching film is 2.5m, soil is covered on the mulching film in a non-planting area between planting rows, and the thickness of the soil is 3 cm;
(4) film breaking and thinning
In order to ensure the uniformity of seedling emergence and provide sufficient moisture for seedling emergence of seeds, water drops on a film are timely knocked into the soil every morning after sowing, on the 7 th day, the seeds begin to emerge successively, when the seedlings grow to 4cm or 2 true leaves, the size of the broken film of the mulching film is 6cm in diameter and 10cm in interval, the seedlings grow normally, when the seedlings grow to about 7cm in height or 5 true leaves, thinning is started, 120 seedlings are left in each row, the pocket is found to be lacking, and the seedlings are timely supplemented;
(5) management of fertilizer and water
In the whole growth period, no watering is needed, intertillage topdressing is carried out, and farmyard manure is applied in an additional mode of 200-300 kg/667m2；
(6) Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds
Weeding is carried out during seedling stage and thinning, intertillage weeding is carried out in the middle stage,
when the leaf blight occurs, 1500 times of solution of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder is sprayed,
when the panicle blast occurs, spraying 400 times of solution of 40 percent isoprothiolane missible oil,
when the tryporyza incertulas occurs, chemical control must be carried out by holding the adult stage and the larva incubation stage, 3000 times of 20% fenvalerate missible oil is sprayed,
when stink bugs occur, spraying 2000 times of 30% thiazine chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution;
(7) harvesting and storing
When 50% of the heads of the finger millet are brown or brown, harvesting for the first time, fully drying in the sun, threshing, cleaning grains by using a sieve, harvesting for the second time after 7 days of the first harvesting, putting the harvested finger millet in a shade place for after-ripening if part of the heads of the finger millet are not completely ripe, fully drying in the sun, threshing, and storing sieved seeds in the shade place for later use, wherein the sieved seeds are the commodity finger millet.
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| CN103798038A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-21 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Full-seedling method of okra in moderate saline-alkali land of coastal mud flat |
| CN104813823A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 广西大学 | High-yield plantation method for okra |
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| CN107197689A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-09-26 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich okra |
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| CN103798038A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-21 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Full-seedling method of okra in moderate saline-alkali land of coastal mud flat |
| CN104813823A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 广西大学 | High-yield plantation method for okra |
| CN106105655A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-16 | 广德明凯蔬果种植家庭农场 | A kind of seeding growing seedlings method of Flos abelmoschi manihot |
| CN107197689A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-09-26 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich okra |
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