CN103798038A - Full-seedling method of okra in moderate saline-alkali land of coastal mud flat - Google Patents
Full-seedling method of okra in moderate saline-alkali land of coastal mud flat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-seedling method of okra in the moderate saline-alkali land of a coastal mud flat, and relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The method comprises the first step of deep scarification and rotary tillage of the land and enough applying of base fertilizers, the second step of ditching to form micro-ridges, the third step of seed sowing and addition of water-retaining agents, the four step of spraying of weed killers and covering of a mulching film, and the fifth step of final-period management of emerged seedlings. Through certain improvement of soil fertility, temperature increasing and salt decreasing through the mulching film, salt absorption through the ridging, the addition of the water-retaining agents, water retention, fertilizer retention, moisture improvement, and moisture evaporation reduction, a low-salt zone is formed in a sowing area, and full seedlings of the okra in the moderate saline-alkali land of the coastal mud flat are achieved. The method solves the problems that the rate of emergence of the okra in the moderate saline-alkali land of the coastal mud flat is low and a full stand of seedlings is difficult, achieves the full seedlings and strong seedlings of the okra in the moderate saline-alkali land, and is economical, simple, effective, high in operability and suitable for being popularized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural planting culture technique field, in particular a kind of coastal beach moderate saline land okra one is broadcast the method for full stand.
Background technology
Jiangsu Province has a large population, ploughs few, cultivated land resource is the important restriction factor of agricultural sustainable development in Jiangsu Province, and more than 1,000 ten thousand mu of the Jiangsu Coastal Areas beach gross areas, rank first in the country, wherein 4,430,000 mu of supratidal zones, and every year with 20,000 mu of speed increments, the important reserved resources of coastal beach saline-alkali Di Shi Jiangsu Province's agricultural development.Along with developing rapidly of national economy and society, population growth and the contradiction of ploughing and reducing, all kinds of salt soil resources, particularly littoral zone solonchak are as a kind of important soil reserved resources, and urgently we go exploitation, utilize and protection.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is Malvaceae Abelmoschus annual herb plant, is a kind of nutritive health-care vegetable of novel, high-quality, is also a kind of export-oriented industry vegetables, and using value is high.The tender pod of gumbo is nutritious, is rich in the mineral elements such as protein, free amino acid, vitamin A, C, E and phosphorus, iron, potassium, calcium, zinc, also contains a kind of emplastic being made up of pectin, galactan and viscous glycoprotein etc. in tender pod.Often edible gumbo can be aid digestion for medical evidence, promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis, prevents constipation, separates pungent.Autumn seed oil of sunflower is high containing unsaturated fatty acid, often eats prevention of arterial sclerosis, improves and digest and assimilate good effect.Gumbo wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, management are simple, particularly aspect Salt And Alkali Tolerance, drought resisting resistance to overhead flooding injury, have certain advantage.Plant on the ground gumbo at beach saline-alkali and not only can meet and locally produce requiredly, and also will have larger facilitation for the improvement of saline soil and the improvement of farmland ecological environment.
Coastal beach is distributed with a large amount of salinization soils, spring drought, soil fertility is poor, serious to agricultural production harm.Okra seed sprouting and stage in seedling stage are more responsive to Salt Strees Condition.Therefore, creating good ecological condition for the growth of okra germination and emergence, is the key that development coastal tidal saline land okra is produced.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be for prior art coastal beach saline-alkali sow that okra emergence rate is low, the difficult problem of keeping a full stand of seedings, provide a kind of coastal beach moderate saline land okra one to broadcast the method for full stand.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Coastal beach moderate saline land okra one is broadcast a method for full stand, and its step is as follows:
(1) subsoiling rotary tillage soil, use sufficient base manure
Subsoiling rotary tillage soil after idle land, before okra plantation, the subsoiling degree of depth is 20～25cm, the rotary tillage degree of depth 10～15cm; Before subsoiling rotary tillage, with the fertilizer of 100～150kg/ mu, coordinate 30～50kg/ mu phosphorous acid Yiammonia to mix rear as base manure, be manured into soil equably, total nutrient >=55% of phosphorous acid Yiammonia; The rear drainage system of carrying out in time of turning over, makes soil before plantation, utilize natural rainfall to drench salt;
(2) micro-ridge of having ditched
Micro-ditch of opening wide 30cm, dark 8～10cm on one every 120cm, micro-ridge is played in ditch both sides, and its ridge is high is 8～10cm, and ridge bottom width is 20cm;
(3) sowing, interpolation water-loss reducer
On the furrow face at a distance of between two ridges of 70cm, the 5cm that staggers from inner side at the bottom of ridge opens seed furrow, ditch depth 8～10cm, in ditch, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields water-loss reducer, rear manual dibbling, every cave is sowed 3, thickness of earth covering 2～3cm, after earthing, seed furrow and furrow face have 5～8cm space, and reality after planting tramps with one's feet;
(4) herbicide spraying, covering with plastic film
After sowing earthing, carry out disposable sealing weeding with weed killer herbicide, guarantee the not long weeds in okra growing period field; After spraying, lid mulch film, the whole furrow face of plastic mulching and two adjacent ridge back ofs the body, with the film both sides, earth mulch residence in ditch, and every the horizontal firming waistband of 2～3m;
(5) final-period management of emerging
In the time that okra seedling grows to teleblem, timely mark signature rupture of membranes, mentions seedling above film, puts after seedling in time with the stifled seedling setting hole of grave, prevents soil moisture loss; In 3～4 leaf phase final singlings, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time, guarantees okra normal growth.
Described method, in step (3), sowing material is for liking beautiful five jiaos, and the sowing time is upper, the middle ten days in May, spacing in the rows 25～30cm, seeding quantity 0.6～1.0kg/ mu.
Described method, in step (3), " water " board water-loss reducer that water-loss reducer is produced by Dongying Huaye New Materials Co., Ltd; Application process is that 1 two 5 ratio is mixed water-loss reducer and thin dry desalination soil thoroughly by volume, is sprinkled in plantation ditch by the amount of application of 3.5kg water-loss reducer/mu.
Described method, in step (4), weed killer herbicide usage is that 300 milliliters of 40%wt atrazine glue suspensions are converted 25kg water/mu, full field sprays.
Described method, in step (4), the width of mulch film is 90～100cm, thickness is 0.012～0.016cm.
The present invention, by the method for subsoiling rotary tillage, neither can translate into earth's surface depths solonchak, and having reached again digs loosens the soil, the capillary object of spoiled soil.When loosening the soil, weaken the poly-ability of the up table of soil salt.Use sufficient base manure, when sowing, add water-loss reducer, enhancing soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the function of putting forward moisture in the soil, minimizing evaporation of soil water.Open zanjon sowing, plastic mulching, not only makes to sow region and forms greenhouse under film, significantly improve the ground temperature in seeding stage, improve the growing environment of seed sprouting, ridging simultaneously, ridge back overlay film, can effectively induce local salinity to concentrate to the ridge back of the body, reduce the salt content of sowing division topsoil, and ridge back of the body overlay film also has the function of collection rain, after rupture of membranes is emerged, can increase the water content of the topsoil of sowing region, further suppress the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, strengthen emerging and seedling effect of okra.Thereby realize okra and one broadcast full stand on the ground at the beach saline-alkali of saliferous 2 ‰～4 ‰.The present invention by control salt, foster and apply fertilizer mutually integratedly with cultivation method, in improving okra planting percent, also reduce the loss of fertilizer, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, be conducive to the improvement in crop yield raising and saline land.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is coastal beach moderate saline land okra salt tolerant sowing schematic diagram.Wherein, high, 3 furrow widths of 1 sowing point, 2 ridges, 4 gumbos, 5 mulch films, 6 micro-ridges, 7 ridge bottom width, 8 ditch depths.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
The present invention has carried out test and has implemented in proving ground, Jin Hai farm, Jiangsu Dafeng City.Beach saline-alkali ground 0～20cm topsoil soils total salt quantity of selecting is 3.1 ‰ ± 0.3 ‰ wt, establishes 3 repetitions, each repetition 43.2m
2, experimental cultivar is that okra is liked beautiful five jiaos.Be on May 10th, 2011 sowing time, and the harvest date is on November 3rd, 2011.Contrast is open field live broadcast.Main to implement link as follows: (1) subsoiling rotary tillage soil, use sufficient base manure.Subsoiling rotary tillage soil after idle land, before okra plantation, the subsoiling degree of depth is 20～25cm, the rotary tillage degree of depth 10～15cm; Before subsoiling rotary tillage, with the fertilizer of 150kg/ mu, coordinate phosphorous acid Yiammonia (total nutrient >=55%) 40kg/ mu to mix rear as base manure, be manured into soil equably.The rear drainage system of carrying out in time of turning over, makes soil before plantation, utilize as early as possible natural rainfall to drench salt.(2) micro-ridge of having ditched.Open micro-ditch of wide 30cm, dark 8～10cm every 120cm, micro-ridge is played in ditch both sides, concrete specification be micro-ridge high by 8～～10cm, ridge bottom width is 20cm.(3) sowing, interpolation water-loss reducer.On the furrow face at a distance of between two ridges of 70cm, the 5cm that staggers from inner side at the bottom of ridge opens seed furrow, and ditch depth 8～10cm, spreads fertilizer over the fields water-loss reducer in ditch, the water-loss reducer ratio of 1: 5 is by volume mixed thoroughly with thin dry desalination soil, remove in plantation ditch by the amount of application of 3.5kg water-loss reducer/mu, by spacing in the rows 28cm manual dibbling, every cave is sowed 3 afterwards, seeding quantity is 0.75kg/ mu, thickness of earth covering 2～3cm, after earthing, seed furrow and furrow face have 5～8cm space, and reality after planting tramps with one's feet.(4) herbicide spraying, covering with plastic film.After sowing earthing, with carrying out disposable sealing weeding, be watered the full field of 25kg with 300 milliliters every mu of 40%wt atrazine glue suspensions and spray, guarantee the not long weeds in okra growing period field.After spraying, lid mulch film, the width of mulch film is 90～100cm, thickness is 0.012～0.016cm.The whole furrow face of plastic mulching and two adjacent ridge back ofs the body, with the film both sides, earth mulch residence in ditch, and every the horizontal firming waistband of 2～3m.(5) final-period management of emerging.In the time that okra seedling grows to teleblem, timely mark signature rupture of membranes, mentions seedling above film.After putting seedling, block up seedling setting hole with grave in time, prevent soil moisture loss.In 3～4 leaf phase final singlings, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time, guarantees okra normal growth.
" water " board water-loss reducer that described water-loss reducer is produced by Dongying Huaye New Materials Co., Ltd.
Said method core is by certain improvement of soil fertility, set mulch film heats salt reduction, ridging and inhales salt, adds water-loss reducer, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, puies forward moisture in the soil, reduces moisture evaporation, make to form " less salt band " in sowing region, broadcast full stand thereby realize beach saline-alkali ground okra one.
Experimental result shows, compared with conventional open field live broadcast, uses okra planting percent under this invention to improve 21.7 percentage points (bringing up to 93.9% by 72.2%), reaches and broadcasts full stand; Pod per unit area yield improves 22.6% (bringing up to 456.4kg/ mu by 372.3kg/ mu), has realized the raising of coastal beach saline-alkali ground Yield of Okra.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. coastal beach moderate saline land okra one is broadcast a method for full stand, it is characterized in that, its step is as follows:
(1) subsoiling rotary tillage soil, use sufficient base manure
Subsoiling rotary tillage soil after idle land, before okra plantation, the subsoiling degree of depth is 20～25cm, the rotary tillage degree of depth 10～15cm; Before subsoiling rotary tillage, with the fertilizer of 100～150kg/ mu, coordinate 30～50kg/ mu phosphorous acid Yiammonia to mix rear as base manure, be manured into soil equably, total nutrient >=55% of phosphorous acid Yiammonia; The rear drainage system of carrying out in time of turning over, makes soil before plantation, utilize natural rainfall to drench salt;
(2) micro-ridge of having ditched
Micro-ditch of opening wide 30cm, dark 8～10cm on one every 120cm, micro-ridge is played in ditch both sides, and its ridge is high is 8～10cm, and ridge bottom width is 20cm;
(3) sowing, interpolation water-loss reducer
On the furrow face at a distance of between two ridges of 70cm, the 5cm that staggers from inner side at the bottom of ridge opens seed furrow, ditch depth 8～10cm, in ditch, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields water-loss reducer, rear manual dibbling, every cave is sowed 3, thickness of earth covering 2～3cm, after earthing, seed furrow and furrow face have 5～8cm space, and reality after planting tramps with one's feet;
(4) herbicide spraying, covering with plastic film
After sowing earthing, carry out disposable sealing weeding with weed killer herbicide, guarantee the not long weeds in okra growing period field; After spraying, lid mulch film, the whole furrow face of plastic mulching and two adjacent ridge back ofs the body, with the film both sides, earth mulch residence in ditch, and every the horizontal firming waistband of 2～3m;
(5) final-period management of emerging
In the time that okra seedling grows to teleblem, timely mark signature rupture of membranes, mentions seedling above film, puts after seedling in time with the stifled seedling setting hole of grave, prevents soil moisture loss; In 3～4 leaf phase final singlings, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time, guarantees okra normal growth.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), sowing material is for liking beautiful five jiaos, and the sowing time is upper, the middle ten days in May, spacing in the rows 25～30cm, seeding quantity 0.6～1.0kg/ mu.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), " water " board water-loss reducer that water-loss reducer is produced by Dongying Huaye New Materials Co., Ltd, the ratio that application process is 1: 5 is by volume mixed water-loss reducer and thin dry desalination soil thoroughly, is sprinkled in plantation ditch by the amount of application of 3.5kg water-loss reducer/mu.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), weed killer herbicide usage is that 300 milliliters of 40%wt atrazine glue suspensions are converted 25kg water/mu, and full field sprays.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), the width of mulch film is 90～100cm, and thickness is 0.012～0.016cm.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN104126402A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-11-05 | 江西省棉花研究所 | Waste land crop single-sowing full stand method |
| CN104350913A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-18 | 周琪 | Seedling raising method for rehmannia piasezkii |
| CN104496602A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-08 | 界首市福瑞种植专业合作社 | Planting fertilizer formula for abelmoschus manihot and preparation process of planting fertilizer |
| CN104641916A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-05-27 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating knitting willow trees with high ridges at bottomland |
| CN105684826A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-22 | 南通鑫稻育种科技有限公司 | Method applicable to saline-alkali soil planting afforestation |
| CN106376430A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Irrigation and water conservancy circulating drainage-irrigating system based on drop irrigation |
| CN107155626A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for improving Coastal beach salt-soda soil seeding corn germination percentage |
| CN107231918A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-10 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | A kind of ecological production method of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta Chinese medicine |
| CN109275514A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-29 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Finger-millet cultural method |
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| CN104126402A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-11-05 | 江西省棉花研究所 | Waste land crop single-sowing full stand method |
| CN104350913A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-18 | 周琪 | Seedling raising method for rehmannia piasezkii |
| CN104350913B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-12-07 | 南通市乐悦实业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of decomposite leaf Radix Rehmanniae |
| CN104496602A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-08 | 界首市福瑞种植专业合作社 | Planting fertilizer formula for abelmoschus manihot and preparation process of planting fertilizer |
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| CN106376430A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Irrigation and water conservancy circulating drainage-irrigating system based on drop irrigation |
| CN107231918A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-10 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | A kind of ecological production method of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta Chinese medicine |
| CN107155626A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for improving Coastal beach salt-soda soil seeding corn germination percentage |
| CN109275514A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-29 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Finger-millet cultural method |
| CN109275514B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2021-06-04 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Finger millet cultivation method |
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