CN1137619C

CN1137619C - Breeding method of hybrid rape

Info

Publication number: CN1137619C
Application number: CNB991153006A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈克泉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-03-24
Filing date: 1999-03-24
Publication date: 2004-02-11
Anticipated expiration: 2019-03-24
Also published as: CN1268288A

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of the seed breeding technique of crops. A specific variety of rape seeds found in a mountainous area in Guizhou Provice is adopted for multiple-generation hybridization, and finally, the new variety of hybrid rape is selected by microscopic examination and elite selection in each generation. According to the trial of the variety in more than 2000 mu for years, the yield of the variety per mu is 190 to 220 kilogram; the use amount of the seeds of the variety is as small as 30 grams per mu, the variety has a low base, namely that branch begins from the first leaf of the plant of the variety, and the number of branches is 30 to 40; the number of pods generated on a single plant is 800 to 1000, the thousand grain weight of the seeds is 4.59 grams, and the oil yield of the seeds is 41.7% by mechanical oil expression; the plant of the variety has the advantages of no bolting before spring, fast bolting after spring, late flowering, early flower withering, proper height of the plant, no disease, no stem withering, and lodging resistance, and the growth period of the variety is earlier for 4 to 6 days than the growth period of conventional rape.

Description

A kind of selection of cross-bred rape

One, affiliated technical field:

The invention belongs to the crop breeding technical field, is a kind of selection of cross-bred rape specifically.

Two, background technology:

Rape is one of main in the world edible oil materials crop, and rape oil is one of main edible oil of China people, and colza cake can be made high-quality feed or fertilizer again.Therefore rape is the oil crop that China peasant generally plants, and its cultivated area occupies first place in the world.Though the rape variety of China is many at present, as No. 2: Qin oil, middle oily 821, Hunan oil 13 etc., but its output and fertility are still undesirable, general per mu yield vegetable seed has only 80～100Kg, is that sowing quantity is many, and is disease-resistant, wind loading rating is poor, the cost height, can not satisfy the growing edible oil demand of the people, can not satisfy the peasant and improve rape seed output, the eager desire of increasing income.

Three, summary of the invention:

In order to overcome existing low, the defectives such as fertility is undesirable, cost height of yield of rape, the invention provides a kind of selection of cross-bred rape, to select output height, good, the disease-resistant wind loading rating of fertility is strong, cost is low cross-bred rape new varieties.

For solving its technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the territory district, source, Guizhou of selection earlier one strain blade is long and narrow, attic base is low, spend the little angle small and dense Wild Rape of fruit to do maternal, carry out isolation implant at col place, the hills in Hunan, adopt the double-line hybrid method, for the continuous multi-generation of the educated strain in colony brother and sister friendship, make its genetic stability proterties with together; Carrying out throwback with preferred seed of future generation again backcrossed for 2～4 generations, in crossover process, carry out microscopy and preferred by generation, be maternal with the parent who optimizes then, selecting the good Japan of proterties " Kodak " rape for use is male parent, 2～4 generations of continuous hybrid, breed promptly that existing maternal blade is long and narrow, the chassis is low, spend the small and dense feature of little angle fruit, the cross-bred rape new varieties of male parent good characteristic are arranged again.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the 1. rape that brings out with this method, the branch minor matters position of its rice shoot is low, generally since first bottom of the blade branch just, than the low 20～22cm of branch of other kinds, the energy thin planting, spacing in the rows is generally 45 * 60cm, therefore not only can the saving of labor, can also save seed, general every mu only needs about seed 30 grams, and other kinds are wanted 100 grams for every mu at least.2. the branch amount of the kind that brings out of this law is many, and 30～40 of general every strains are more wide in variety more than 20 than other.3. individual plant knot folder is many, and general every strain has 800～1000, and other kinds generally have only 250～300.4. angle fruit grains per panicle is many, generally whenever accompanies about 40, and is more wide in variety more than 10 than other.5. the thousand kernel weight of seed has 4.59 grams, and general kind has only about 3～4 grams.6. output height: 190～220 kilograms of every per mu yield vegetable seed are higher more than 50 kilograms than general kind.7. better resistance: this rape proper height, than No. 2 short 50～60cm of Qin's oil, good stress resistance, Brassica campestris L seedling is not fallen ill, dead bar, non-lodging, non-bolter the beginning of spring before, bolting is fast after the beginning of spring, and it is slow to bloom, Xie Huazao, Zao 4～6 days than conventional variety vegetative period.8. the oil yield height of this product kind vegetable seed, oil good: after tested, the machine expressed oil rate of this vegetable seed is 41.7%, and oil limpid non-foaming.

Four, embodiment

Introduce concrete implementation procedure of the present invention below and at four of the Linli County, Hunan Province plantation examples:

Implementation procedure of the present invention is: found the Wild Rape that a strain is special in territory district, source, Guizhou in 1991, this rape leave length of a film and narrow, attic base is low, spend little angle fruit small and dense, no worm is anosis, it is vigorous to grow.1 year rape seed that this strain is special taken back the hills area isolation implant in Hunan, carries out brother and sister's friendship with the educated strain in the same colony when blooming, and reserves seed for planting according to qualifications after setting seeds; Backcross as throwback with preferred seed and the preferred seed of previous generation in 1993 and 1994 continuous 2 years, make the target condition stable, years continuous 3 years nineteen ninety-five to 1997 was made female parent with stable back parent, with Japan " Kodak " rape of introducing is male parent, carry out artificial pollination hybridization, select that blade is long and narrow, attic base is low, it is little to spend, the small and dense characteristic of angle fruit, again " No. 3, friendship " cross-bred rape new varieties of output height, the high feature of oil yield are arranged.

Four plantation examples are: 1. six groups of Hong Jiaming in Zheng Wu village, Linli County Xiu Mei township, planted experimentally 2.5 mu of ground with educate " No. 3, friendship " rape variety in 1997, and receive 506 kilograms of drier oil vegetable seed altogether, 202.4 kilograms of average mus; 2. the literary composition local group Yang Dingming of the rich group in Long Tuan village in Linli County planted experimentally 3 mu of 2 fens ground with educate " No. 3, friendship " rape, and received 775 kilograms of drier oil vegetable seed altogether, 242 kilograms of average yield per mus in 1997; 3. Linli County Bai Zhi township farming branch centre for spreading was planted experimentally 8.7 mu with educate " No. 3, friendship " rape in 1996,1813.5 kilograms of real receipts rape seed, 208.45 kilograms of average every per mu yields; 4. building sequence village, Linli County Bai Zhi township organizes down recklessly 5 people such as villager Liu Shenggui and goes out according to proof, kind was educated " No. 3, friendship " rape in 1996,1997 continuous 2 years, per mu yield is all about 190 kilograms, and more oily 821 than middle, the Qin's No. 2 output of oil are all high, plant this kind, few with seed, every mu as long as 30～50 grams are planted rarely, saving of work and time, as long as the training pipe is proper, output is certain to win.

Claims

1, a kind of selection of cross-bred rape, comprise selected parent and Duo Dai hybridization, it is characterized in that: the parent selects in a kind of blade in territory district, source, Guizhou long and narrow, attic base is low, spend little, the small and dense Wild Rape of angle fruit, adopt the double-line hybrid method, in the hills area, Hunan and with handing over for the continuous multi-generation of the educated strain in colony brother and sister, make its genetic stability proterties, carrying out throwback with preferred seed of future generation and previous generation preferred seed respectively continuously again backcrossed for 2～4 generations, in crossover process, pursuing generation carries out microscopy and selects excellent, be maternal with the parent who optimizes then, selecting the good Japan of proterties " Kodak " rape for use is male parent, in 2～4 generations of continuous hybrid, it is long and narrow promptly to breed existing maternal blade after preferred, attic base is low, spend little, the angle is small and dense characteristic really, and the cross-bred rape new varieties of male parent good characteristic are arranged again.